{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T16:44:27Z","timestamp":1771001067551,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"China NSFC","award":["61872246, U2001207, and 61872248"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61872246, U2001207, and 61872248"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Foundation","award":["ZDSYS20190902092853047 and R2020A045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDSYS20190902092853047 and R2020A045"]}]},{"name":"Project of DEGP","award":["2019KCXTD005 and 2021ZDZX1068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019KCXTD005 and 2021ZDZX1068"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Pearl River Talent Recruitment Program","award":["2019ZT08X603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019ZT08X603"]}]},{"name":"RGC","award":["CERG 16203719, 16204820, and R8015, FS112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CERG 16203719, 16204820, and R8015, FS112"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Sen. Netw."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Supporting a massive amount of Internet of Things applications requires a large pool of spectrum. DSM is a promising ecosystem to improve the spectrum efficiency. In the era of LoRaWAN, the physical hardware constraints, along with the bandwidth-hungry applications pose new challenges. In this article, we investigate a novel deep-reinforcement-learning-based spectrum-sharing paradigm, termed Intelligent Overlapping, that explores partially overlapping channels for concurrent spectrum access in LoRaWAN. Our key insight is to leverage the coding redundancy to expand the available spectrum without complicated data processing algorithms. In particular, we learn the extra coding redundancy from the data on the non-overlapping spectrum via a deep-Q-learning network, and we apply such redundancy to recover the data on the overlapping spectrum. In the Media Access Control layer, we predict the channel condition and strategically learn and assign the appropriate overlapping portion to the concurrent access end devices. In the Physical layer, we harness interleaving to randomize the mutual interference to ensure that all the data remains decodable. Simulation results demonstrate that Intelligent Overlapping greatly improves the spectrum efficiency with a fast convergence rate compared to the conventional DSM mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3546075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T12:15:04Z","timestamp":1658751304000},"page":"1-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Exploring Partially Overlapping Channels for Low-power Wide Area Networks"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6345-3873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2776-3297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoke","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0807-949X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruifeng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2216-0737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaishun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9205-1881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2750180"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2949918"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-006-9852-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2015.2487047"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1594977.1592573"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2003.822832"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1978.1055892"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2019.2910817"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3098822.3098845"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3372224.3419200"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1402958.1402977"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1851275.1851271"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2030613.2030647"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","first-page":"397","volume-title":"ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review","author":"Katti Sachin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sachin Katti, Shyamnath Gollakota, and Dina Katabi. 2007. Embracing wireless interference: Analog network coding. In ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, Vol. 37. ACM, 397\u2013408."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3485730.3485928"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM Mobicom","author":"Li L. E.","year":"2010","unstructured":"L. E. Li, K. Tan, H. Viswanathan, Y. Xu, and Y. R. Yang. 2010. Retransmission \\(\\ne\\) repeat: Simple retransmission permutation can resolve overlapping channel collisions. In Proceedings of the ACM Mobicom."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","unstructured":"Yingxue Li and Prabhakar R. Chitrapu. 2010. Wireless communication method and system for bit interleaved coded modulation and iterative decoding. U.S. Patent 7 802 171."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2019.2933962"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2018.2815018"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.2968153"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2007.914876"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1140277.1140286"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14236"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2017.8254101"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOMW.2014.7063568"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3452296.3472931"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2019.2908903"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2013.131120"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3386901.3388913"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM41043.2020.9155509"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2010.2048766"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2012.092712.120628"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNP.2019.8888038"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2012.194"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3447993.3483268"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2020.3018020"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCS.2010.37"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2019.2924010"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNP.2011.6089069"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2019.1800439"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3546075","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3546075","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T19:30:19Z","timestamp":1750188619000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3546075"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3546075"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3546075","relation":{},"ISSN":["1550-4859","1550-4867"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1550-4859","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-4867","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-02-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-06-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}