{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T12:28:40Z","timestamp":1776083320550,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"MHCI","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]],"date-time":"2022-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"LOEWE initiative (Hesse, Germany) within the emergenCITY center"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Augmented Reality (AR) has influenced the presentation of historical information to tourists and museum visitors by making the information more immersive and engaging. Since smartphones and AR glasses are the primary devices to present AR information to users, it is essential to understand how the information about a historical site can be presented effectively and what type of device is best suited for information placements. In this paper, we investigate the placement of two types of content, historical images and informational text, for smartphones and AR glasses in the context of outdoor historical sites. For this, we explore three types of placements: (1) on-body, (2) world, and (3) overlay. To evaluate all nine combinations of text and image placements for smartphone and AR glasses, we conducted a controlled experiment (N = 18) at outdoor historical landmarks. We discovered that on-body image and text placements were the most convenient compared to overlay and world for both devices. Furthermore, participants found themselves more successful in exploring historical sites using a smartphone than AR glasses. Although interaction with a smartphone was more convenient, participants found exploring AR content using AR glasses more fun.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3546729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T23:14:30Z","timestamp":1663715670000},"page":"1-17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["AR Sightseeing: Comparing Information Placements at Outdoor Historical Heritage Sites using Augmented Reality"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Andrii","family":"Matviienko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"G\u00fcnther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Ritzenhofen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"M\u00fchlh\u00e4user","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"2nd International Tourism and Sport Management Conference","volume":"5","author":"Attila Kajos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kajos Attila and B\u00e1nyai Edit . 2012 . Beyond reality: The possibilities of augmented reality in cultural and heritage tourism . In 2nd International Tourism and Sport Management Conference , Debrecen , Vol. 5 . Kajos Attila and B\u00e1nyai Edit. 2012. Beyond reality: The possibilities of augmented reality in cultural and heritage tourism. In 2nd International Tourism and Sport Management Conference, Debrecen, Vol. 5."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"3rd International Workshop on Information Management for Mobile Applications. Citeseer. Citeseer.","author":"Aydin Bet\u00fcl","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bet\u00fcl Aydin , J\u00e9r\u00f4me Gensel , Philippe Genoud , Sylvie Calabretto , and Bruno Tellez . 2013 . Extending augmented reality mobile application with structured knowledge from the LOD cloud . In 3rd International Workshop on Information Management for Mobile Applications. Citeseer. Citeseer. Bet\u00fcl Aydin, J\u00e9r\u00f4me Gensel, Philippe Genoud, Sylvie Calabretto, and Bruno Tellez. 2013. Extending augmented reality mobile application with structured knowledge from the LOD cloud. In 3rd International Workshop on Information Management for Mobile Applications. Citeseer. Citeseer."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.1997.6.4.355"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences","volume":"4","author":"Battini C.","year":"2015","unstructured":"C. Battini and G. Landi . 2015. 3D TRACKING BASED AUGMENTED REALITY FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE DATA MANAGEMENT. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry , Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences , Vol. XL-5\/W 4 ( 2015 ), 375--379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/isprsarchives-XL-5-W4--375--2015 10.5194\/isprsarchives-XL-5-W4--375--2015 C. Battini and G. Landi. 2015. 3D TRACKING BASED AUGMENTED REALITY FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE DATA MANAGEMENT. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences , Vol. XL-5\/W4 (2015), 375--379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/isprsarchives-XL-5-W4--375--2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-22888-4_28"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"A Survey of Augmented Reality Applications in Cultural","volume":"3","author":"Caridakis George","year":"2019","unstructured":"George Caridakis and John Aliprantis . 2019 . A Survey of Augmented Reality Applications in Cultural Heritage. Int. J. Comput. Methods Herit. Sci. , Vol. 3 , 2 (jul 2019), 118--147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/IJCMHS.2019070107 10.4018\/IJCMHS.2019070107 George Caridakis and John Aliprantis. 2019. A Survey of Augmented Reality Applications in Cultural Heritage. Int. J. Comput. Methods Herit. Sci. , Vol. 3, 2 (jul 2019), 118--147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/IJCMHS.2019070107","journal-title":"Heritage. Int. J. Comput. 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Journal of Educational Technology & Society, Vol. 18, 2 (2015), 166--178.","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Technology & Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Integrating Building Information Modeling and Augmented Reality to Improve Investigation of Historical Buildings","volume":"15","author":"Chionna Francesco","year":"2015","unstructured":"Francesco Chionna , Francesco Argese , Vito Palmieri , Italo Spada , and Lucio Colizzi . 2015 . Integrating Building Information Modeling and Augmented Reality to Improve Investigation of Historical Buildings . Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage , Vol. 15 , 1 (Jan. 2015), 133--163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6092\/issn.1973--9494\/6174 10.6092\/issn.1973--9494 Francesco Chionna, Francesco Argese, Vito Palmieri, Italo Spada, and Lucio Colizzi. 2015. Integrating Building Information Modeling and Augmented Reality to Improve Investigation of Historical Buildings. 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