{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T15:53:57Z","timestamp":1783526037656,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62172059, 62072055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62172059, 62072055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundations of China","award":["2020JJ4626, 2020JJ4029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020JJ4626, 2020JJ4029"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department of China","award":["19B004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19B004"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Changsha University of Science and Technology","award":["CX2021SS76"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX2021SS76"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province","award":["CX20210811"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX20210811"]}]},{"name":"Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Information Security","award":["2021-ZD-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-ZD-07"]}]},{"name":"Open Foundation of Henan Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Situation Awareness","award":["HNTS2022025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HNTS2022025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Multimedia Comput. Commun. Appl."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Video frame interpolation (VFI) is of great importance for many video applications, yet it is still challenging even in the era of deep learning. Some existing VFI models directly exploit existing lightweight network frameworks, thus making synthesized in-between frames blurry and creating artifacts due to imprecise motion representation. The other existing VFI models typically depend on heavy model architectures with a large number of parameters, preventing them from being deployed on small terminals. To address these issues, we propose a local lightweight VFI network (\n            <jats:italic>\n              L\n              <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n              BEC\n              <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n            <\/jats:italic>\n            ) that leverages bidirectional encoding structure with channel attention cascade. Specifically, we improve visual quality by introducing a forward and backward encoding structure with channel attention cascade to better characterize motion information. Furthermore, we introduce a local lightweight strategy into the state-of-the-art Adaptive Collaboration of Flows (AdaCoF) model to simplify its model parameters. Compared with the original AdaCoF model, the proposed\n            <jats:italic>\n              L\n              <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n              BEC\n              <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n            <\/jats:italic>\n            obtains performance gain at the cost of only one-third of the number of parameters and performs favorably against the state-of-the-art works on public datasets. Our source code is available at\n            <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Pumpkin123709\/LBEC.git\">https:\/\/github.com\/Pumpkin123709\/LBEC.git<\/jats:ext-link>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3547660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T11:33:45Z","timestamp":1657884825000},"page":"1-19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["<i>\n              L\n              <sup>2<\/sup>\n              BEC\n              <sup>2<\/sup>\n            <\/i>\n            : Local Lightweight Bidirectional Encoding and Channel Attention Cascade for Video Frame Interpolation"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2789-2980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dengyong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0700-1490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6581-4633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangling","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Information Security, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhengzhou Xinda Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2718-9918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2414-9307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenjie","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6962-8475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2734-659X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaobo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan University, Changsha, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3382506"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00536"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00938"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00382"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.595"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW.2019.00434"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46466-4_26"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP40776.2020.9053987"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2019.2941941"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.244"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.37"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xianhang Cheng and Zhenzhong Chen. 2020. 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