{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T16:17:21Z","timestamp":1783009041506,"version":"3.54.5"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":49,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG)","award":["FO999891092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FO999891092"]}]},{"name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)","award":["16ME0231K"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16ME0231K"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3548606.3560600","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T11:41:28Z","timestamp":1667821288000},"page":"381-395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Power Contracts"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Roderick","family":"Bloem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Gigerl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Gourjon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamburg University of Technology &amp; NXP Semiconductors, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vedad","family":"Hadzic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Mangard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Primas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/DATE51398.2021.9474183"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Alasdair Armstrong Thomas Bauereiss Brian Campbell Kathryn E. Gray Robert Norton-Wright Christopher Pulte Shaked Flur and Peter Sewell. July 2021 (accessed January 12 2022) a. https:\/\/raw.githubusercontent.com\/rems-project\/sail\/sail2\/manual.pdf.  Alasdair Armstrong Thomas Bauereiss Brian Campbell Kathryn E. Gray Robert Norton-Wright Christopher Pulte Shaked Flur and Peter Sewell. July 2021 (accessed January 12 2022) a. https:\/\/raw.githubusercontent.com\/rems-project\/sail\/sail2\/manual.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Alasdair Armstrong Thomas Bauereiss Brian Campbell Alastair Reid Kathryn E. Gray Robert M. Norton Prashanth Mundkur Mark Wassell Jon French Christopher Pulte Shaked Flur Ian Stark Neel Krishnaswami and Peter Sewell. 2018 (accessed January 12 2022) b. MiniSail: A core calculus for Sail. https:\/\/www.cl.cam.ac.uk\/ mpew2\/papers\/minisail_anf.pdf.  Alasdair Armstrong Thomas Bauereiss Brian Campbell Alastair Reid Kathryn E. Gray Robert M. Norton Prashanth Mundkur Mark Wassell Jon French Christopher Pulte Shaked Flur Ian Stark Neel Krishnaswami and Peter Sewell. 2018 (accessed January 12 2022) b. MiniSail: A core calculus for Sail. https:\/\/www.cl.cam.ac.uk\/ mpew2\/papers\/minisail_anf.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290384"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"CARDIS 2014","author":"Balasch Josep","year":"2014","unstructured":"Josep Balasch , Benedikt Gierlichs , Vincent Grosso , Oscar Reparaz , and Francc ois- Xavier Standaert . 2014 . On the Cost of Lazy Engineering for Masked Software Implementations. In Smart Card Research and Advanced Applications - 13th International Conference , CARDIS 2014 , Paris, France, November 5--7 , 2014. Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 8968), Marc Joye and Amir Moradi (Eds.). Springer, 64--81. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--3--319--16763--3_5 10.1007\/978--3--319--16763--3_5 Josep Balasch, Benedikt Gierlichs, Vincent Grosso, Oscar Reparaz, and Francc ois-Xavier Standaert. 2014. On the Cost of Lazy Engineering for Masked Software Implementations. In Smart Card Research and Advanced Applications - 13th International Conference, CARDIS 2014, Paris, France, November 5--7, 2014. Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 8968), Marc Joye and Amir Moradi (Eds.). Springer, 64--81. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--3--319--16763--3_5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Verified Proofs of Higher-Order Masking. In EUROCRYPT","volume":"485","author":"Barthe Gilles","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gilles Barthe , Sonia Bela\u00efd , Franc cois Dupressoir , Pierre-Alain Fouque , Benjamin Gr\u00e9goire , and Pierre-Yves Strub . 2015 . Verified Proofs of Higher-Order Masking. In EUROCRYPT 2015, Part I (LNCS , Vol. 9056), , Elisabeth Oswald and Marc Fischlin (Eds.). Springer, Heidelberg, 457-- 485 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--3--662--46800--5_18 10.1007\/978--3--662--46800--5_18 Gilles Barthe, Sonia Bela\u00efd, Franc cois Dupressoir, Pierre-Alain Fouque, Benjamin Gr\u00e9goire, and Pierre-Yves Strub. 2015. Verified Proofs of Higher-Order Masking. In EUROCRYPT 2015, Part I (LNCS, Vol. 9056), , Elisabeth Oswald and Marc Fischlin (Eds.). Springer, Heidelberg, 457--485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--3--662--46800--5_18"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Pierre-Alain Fouque, Benjamin Gr\u00e9goire, Pierre-Yves Strub, and R\u00e9becca Zucchini.","author":"Barthe Gilles","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gilles Barthe , Sonia Bela\u00efd , Franc cois Dupressoir , Pierre-Alain Fouque, Benjamin Gr\u00e9goire, Pierre-Yves Strub, and R\u00e9becca Zucchini. 2016 . Strong Non-Interference and Type-Directed Higher-Order Masking. In ACM CCS 2016, , Edgar R. Weippl, Stefan Katzenbeisser, Christopher Kruegel, Andrew C. Myers, and Shai Halevi (Eds.). ACM Press , 116--129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2976749.2978427 10.1145\/2976749.2978427 Gilles Barthe, Sonia Bela\u00efd, Franc cois Dupressoir, Pierre-Alain Fouque, Benjamin Gr\u00e9goire, Pierre-Yves Strub, and R\u00e9becca Zucchini. 2016. Strong Non-Interference and Type-Directed Higher-Order Masking. In ACM CCS 2016, , Edgar R. Weippl, Stefan Katzenbeisser, Christopher Kruegel, Andrew C. Myers, and Shai Halevi (Eds.). ACM Press, 116--129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2976749.2978427"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46586\/tches.v2021.i2.189-228"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"ABBY: Automating the creation of fine-grained leakage models. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2021\/1569. https:\/\/ia.cr\/2021\/1569.","author":"Bazangani Omid","year":"2021","unstructured":"Omid Bazangani , Alexandre Iooss , Ileana Buhan , and Lejla Batina . 2021 . ABBY: Automating the creation of fine-grained leakage models. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2021\/1569. https:\/\/ia.cr\/2021\/1569. Omid Bazangani, Alexandre Iooss, Ileana Buhan, and Lejla Batina. 2021. ABBY: Automating the creation of fine-grained leakage models. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2021\/1569. https:\/\/ia.cr\/2021\/1569."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Tornado: Automatic Generation of Probing-Secure Masked Bitsliced Implementations. In EUROCRYPT","author":"Bela\u00efd Sonia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sonia Bela\u00efd , Pierre-\u00c9variste Dagand , Darius Mercadier , Matthieu Rivain , and Rapha\u00ebl Wintersdorff . 2020 . Tornado: Automatic Generation of Probing-Secure Masked Bitsliced Implementations. In EUROCRYPT 2020, Part III (LNCS, Vol . 12107), , Anne Canteaut and Yuval Ishai (Eds.). Springer , Heidelberg, 311--341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--3-030--45727--3_11 10.1007\/978--3-030--45727--3_11 Sonia Bela\u00efd, Pierre-\u00c9variste Dagand, Darius Mercadier, Matthieu Rivain, and Rapha\u00ebl Wintersdorff. 2020. Tornado: Automatic Generation of Probing-Secure Masked Bitsliced Implementations. In EUROCRYPT 2020, Part III (LNCS, Vol. 12107), , Anne Canteaut and Yuval Ishai (Eds.). Springer, Heidelberg, 311--341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--3-030--45727--3_11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Power Contracts: Provably Complete Power Leakage Models for Processors. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Paper 2022\/565. https:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2022\/565 https:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2022\/565.","author":"Bloem Roderick","year":"2022","unstructured":"Roderick Bloem , Barbara Gigerl , Marc Gourjon , Vedad Hadzic , Stefan Mangard , and Robert Primas . 2022 . Power Contracts: Provably Complete Power Leakage Models for Processors. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Paper 2022\/565. https:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2022\/565 https:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2022\/565. Roderick Bloem, Barbara Gigerl, Marc Gourjon, Vedad Hadzic, Stefan Mangard, and Robert Primas. 2022. Power Contracts: Provably Complete Power Leakage Models for Processors. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Paper 2022\/565. https:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2022\/565 https:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2022\/565."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2020.2971153"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-48405-1_26"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science","volume":"212","author":"Cnudde Thomas De","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thomas De Cnudde , Oscar Reparaz , Beg\u00fc l Bilgin , Svetla Nikova , Ventzislav Nikov , and Vincent Rijmen . 2016 . Masking AES with d1 Shares in Hardware. In Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems - CHES 2016 - 18th International Conference, Santa Barbara, CA, USA, August 17--19, 2016 , Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science , Vol. 9813). Springer, 194-- 212 . Thomas De Cnudde, Oscar Reparaz, Beg\u00fc l Bilgin, Svetla Nikova, Ventzislav Nikov, and Vincent Rijmen. 2016. Masking AES with d1 Shares in Hardware. In Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems - CHES 2016 - 18th International Conference, Santa Barbara, CA, USA, August 17--19, 2016, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 9813). Springer, 194--212."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-29912-4_6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Higher Order Masking of Look-Up Tables. In EUROCRYPT 2014 (LNCS","volume":"458","author":"Coron Jean-S\u00e9bastien","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jean-S\u00e9bastien Coron . 2014 . Higher Order Masking of Look-Up Tables. In EUROCRYPT 2014 (LNCS , Vol. 8441), Phong Q. Nguyen and Elisabeth Oswald (Eds.). Springer, Heidelberg, 441-- 458 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--3--642--55220--5_25 10.1007\/978--3--642--55220--5_25 Jean-S\u00e9bastien Coron. 2014. Higher Order Masking of Look-Up Tables. In EUROCRYPT 2014 (LNCS, Vol. 8441), Phong Q. Nguyen and Elisabeth Oswald (Eds.). Springer, Heidelberg, 441--458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--3--642--55220--5_25"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-64647-3_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Lightweight Cryptography for Security and Privacy - 5th International Workshop, LightSec","author":"de Groot Wouter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wouter de Groot , Kostas Papagiannopoulos , Antonio de la Piedra , Erik Schneider , and Lejla Batina . 2016. Bitsliced Masking and ARM: Friends or Foes? . In Lightweight Cryptography for Security and Privacy - 5th International Workshop, LightSec 2016 , Aksaray, Turkey, September 21--22, 2016, Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science , Vol. 10098). Springer, 91-- 109 . Wouter de Groot, Kostas Papagiannopoulos, Antonio de la Piedra, Erik Schneider, and Lejla Batina. 2016. Bitsliced Masking and ARM: Friends or Foes?. In Lightweight Cryptography for Security and Privacy - 5th International Workshop, LightSec 2016, Aksaray, Turkey, September 21--22, 2016, Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 10098). Springer, 91--109."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Bj\u00f8rner","author":"de Moura Leonardo Mendoncc","year":"2008","unstructured":"Leonardo Mendoncc a de Moura and Nikolaj S . Bj\u00f8rner . 2008 . Z3: An Efficient SMT Solver. In Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, 14th International Conference, TACAS 2008, Held as Part of the Joint European Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2008, Budapest, Hungary, March 29-April 6, 2008. Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science , Vol. 4963), C. R. Ramakrishnan and Jakob Rehof (Eds.). Springer, 337-- 340 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--3--540--78800--3_24 10.1007\/978--3--540--78800--3_24 Leonardo Mendoncc a de Moura and Nikolaj S. Bj\u00f8rner. 2008. Z3: An Efficient SMT Solver. In Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, 14th International Conference, TACAS 2008, Held as Part of the Joint European Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2008, Budapest, Hungary, March 29-April 6, 2008. Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 4963), C. R. Ramakrishnan and Jakob Rehof (Eds.). Springer, 337--340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--3--540--78800--3_24"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46586\/tches.v2018.i3.89-120"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"CSR 2013, Ekaterinburg, Russia, June 25--29, 2013. Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science","volume":"390","author":"Andreas Fr\u00f6","year":"2013","unstructured":"Andreas Fr\u00f6 hlich, Gergely Kov\u00e1 sznai, and Armin Biere . 2013 . More on the Complexity of Quantifier-Free Fixed-Size Bit-Vector Logics with Binary Encoding. In Computer Science - Theory and Applications - 8th International Computer Science Symposium in Russia , CSR 2013, Ekaterinburg, Russia, June 25--29, 2013. Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science , Vol. 7913), , Andrei A. Bulatov and Arseny M. Shur (Eds.). Springer, 378-- 390 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--3--642--38536-0_33 10.1007\/978--3--642--38536-0_33 Andreas Fr\u00f6 hlich, Gergely Kov\u00e1 sznai, and Armin Biere. 2013. More on the Complexity of Quantifier-Free Fixed-Size Bit-Vector Logics with Binary Encoding. In Computer Science - Theory and Applications - 8th International Computer Science Symposium in Russia, CSR 2013, Ekaterinburg, Russia, June 25--29, 2013. Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 7913), , Andrei A. Bulatov and Arseny M. Shur (Eds.). Springer, 378--390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--3--642--38536-0_33"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46586\/tches.v2020.i1.152-174"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Coco: Co-Design and Co-Verification of Masked Software Implementations on CPUs. In 30th USENIX Security Symposium, USENIX Security 2021","author":"Gigerl Barbara","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barbara Gigerl , Vedad Hadzic , Robert Primas , Stefan Mangard , and Roderick Bloem . 2021 a. Coco: Co-Design and Co-Verification of Masked Software Implementations on CPUs. In 30th USENIX Security Symposium, USENIX Security 2021 , August 11 --13 , 2021, , Michael Bailey and Rachel Greenstadt (Eds.). USENIX Association, 1469--1468. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/usenixsecurity21\/presentation\/gigerl Barbara Gigerl, Vedad Hadzic, Robert Primas, Stefan Mangard, and Roderick Bloem. 2021a. Coco: Co-Design and Co-Verification of Masked Software Implementations on CPUs. In 30th USENIX Security Symposium, USENIX Security 2021, August 11--13, 2021, , Michael Bailey and Rachel Greenstadt (Eds.). USENIX Association, 1469--1468. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/usenixsecurity21\/presentation\/gigerl"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-92075-3_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2996366.2996426"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-52153-4_6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Hardware-Software Contracts for Secure Speculation. In 42nd IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, SP 2021","author":"Guarnieri Marco","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marco Guarnieri , Boris K\u00f6 pf, Jan Reineke , and Pepe Vila . 2021 . Hardware-Software Contracts for Secure Speculation. In 42nd IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, SP 2021 , San Francisco, CA, USA, 24- -27 May 2021. IEEE, 1868--1883. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/SP40001.2021.00036 10.1109\/SP40001.2021.00036 Marco Guarnieri, Boris K\u00f6 pf, Jan Reineke, and Pepe Vila. 2021. Hardware-Software Contracts for Secure Speculation. In 42nd IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, SP 2021, San Francisco, CA, USA, 24--27 May 2021. IEEE, 1868--1883. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/SP40001.2021.00036"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"FMCAD 2021","author":"Hadzic Vedad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vedad Hadzic and Roderick Bloem . 2021 . COCOALMA: A Versatile Masking Verifier. In Formal Methods in Computer Aided Design , FMCAD 2021 , New Haven, CT, USA, October 19--22 , 2021. IEEE, 1--10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34727\/2021\/isbn.978--3--85448-046--4_9 10.34727\/2021 Vedad Hadzic and Roderick Bloem. 2021. COCOALMA: A Versatile Masking Verifier. In Formal Methods in Computer Aided Design, FMCAD 2021, New Haven, CT, USA, October 19--22, 2021. IEEE, 1--10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34727\/2021\/isbn.978--3--85448-046--4_9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-45146-4_27"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology - CRYPTO '99, 19th Annual International Cryptology Conference","author":"Kocher Paul C.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Paul C. Kocher , Joshua Jaffe , and Benjamin Jun . 1999 a. Differential Power Analysis . In Advances in Cryptology - CRYPTO '99, 19th Annual International Cryptology Conference , Santa Barbara , California, USA, August 15--19, 1999 , Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science , Vol. 1666), , Michael J. Wiener (Ed.). Springer, 388-- 397 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3--540--48405--1_25 10.1007\/3--540--48405--1_25 Paul C. Kocher, Joshua Jaffe, and Benjamin Jun. 1999 a. Differential Power Analysis. In Advances in Cryptology - CRYPTO '99, 19th Annual International Cryptology Conference, Santa Barbara, California, USA, August 15--19, 1999, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1666), , Michael J. Wiener (Ed.). Springer, 388--397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3--540--48405--1_25"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"Differential Power Analysis. In CRYPTO '99","author":"Kocher Paul C.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Paul C. Kocher , Joshua Jaffe , and Benjamin Jun . 1999 b . Differential Power Analysis. In CRYPTO '99 . Springer-Verlag, London, UK, 10 pages. http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=646764.703989 Paul C. Kocher, Joshua Jaffe, and Benjamin Jun. 1999 b. Differential Power Analysis. In CRYPTO '99. Springer-Verlag, London, UK, 10 pages. http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=646764.703989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","unstructured":"lowRISC. [n. d.]. Ibex RISC-V Core. https:\/\/github.com\/lowRISC\/ibex.  lowRISC. [n. d.]. Ibex RISC-V Core. https:\/\/github.com\/lowRISC\/ibex."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Side-Channel Leakage of Masked CMOS Gates. In CT-RSA 2005 (LNCS","volume":"365","author":"Mangard Stefan","unstructured":"Stefan Mangard , Thomas Popp , and Berndt M. Gammel . 2005 a . Side-Channel Leakage of Masked CMOS Gates. In CT-RSA 2005 (LNCS , Vol. 3376), Alfred Menezes (Ed.). Springer, Heidelberg, 351-- 365 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--3--540--30574--3_24 10.1007\/978--3--540--30574--3_24 Stefan Mangard, Thomas Popp, and Berndt M. Gammel. 2005 a. Side-Channel Leakage of Masked CMOS Gates. In CT-RSA 2005 (LNCS, Vol. 3376), Alfred Menezes (Ed.). Springer, Heidelberg, 351--365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--3--540--30574--3_24"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","volume-title":"Successfully Attacking Masked AES Hardware Implementations. In CHES 2005 (LNCS","volume":"171","author":"Mangard Stefan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stefan Mangard , Norbert Pramstaller , and Elisabeth Oswald . 2005 b . Successfully Attacking Masked AES Hardware Implementations. In CHES 2005 (LNCS , Vol. 3659), , Josyula R. Rao and Berk Sunar (Eds.). Springer, Heidelberg, 157-- 171 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/11545262_12 10.1007\/11545262_12 Stefan Mangard, Norbert Pramstaller, and Elisabeth Oswald. 2005 b. Successfully Attacking Masked AES Hardware Implementations. In CHES 2005 (LNCS, Vol. 3659), , Josyula R. Rao and Berk Sunar (Eds.). Springer, Heidelberg, 157--171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/11545262_12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"Successfully Attacking Masked AES Hardware Implementations. In CHES (Lecture Notes in Computer Science","volume":"171","author":"Mangard Stefan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stefan Mangard , Norbert Pramstaller , and Elisabeth Oswald . 2005 c . Successfully Attacking Masked AES Hardware Implementations. In CHES (Lecture Notes in Computer Science , Vol. 3659). Springer, 157-- 171 . Stefan Mangard, Norbert Pramstaller, and Elisabeth Oswald. 2005 c. Successfully Attacking Masked AES Hardware Implementations. In CHES (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 3659). Springer, 157--171."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"MIRACLE: MIcRo-ArChitectural Leakage Evaluation: A study of micro-architectural power leakage across many devices","volume":"2022","author":"Marshall Ben","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ben Marshall , Dan Page , and James Webb . 2021 . MIRACLE: MIcRo-ArChitectural Leakage Evaluation: A study of micro-architectural power leakage across many devices . IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems , Vol. 2022 , 1 (Nov. 2021), 175--220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46586\/tches.v2022.i1.175--220 10.46586\/tches.v2022.i1.175--220 Ben Marshall, Dan Page, and James Webb. 2021. MIRACLE: MIcRo-ArChitectural Leakage Evaluation: A study of micro-architectural power leakage across many devices. IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems, Vol. 2022, 1 (Nov. 2021), 175--220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46586\/tches.v2022.i1.175--220","journal-title":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"USENIX Security","author":"McCann David","year":"2017","unstructured":"David McCann , Elisabeth Oswald , and Carolyn Whitnall . 2017. Towards Practical Tools for Side Channel Aware Software Engineering: 'Grey Box' Modelling for Instruction Leakages . In USENIX Security 2017 , , Engin Kirda and Thomas Ristenpart (Eds.). USENIX Association , 199--216. David McCann, Elisabeth Oswald, and Carolyn Whitnall. 2017. Towards Practical Tools for Side Channel Aware Software Engineering: 'Grey Box' Modelling for Instruction Leakages. In USENIX Security 2017, , Engin Kirda and Thomas Ristenpart (Eds.). USENIX Association, 199--216."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44499-8_19"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","first-page":"1297","article-title":"On the Effect of the (Micro)Architecture on the Development of Side-Channel Resistant Software","volume":"2020","author":"Meyer Lauren De","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lauren De Meyer , Elke De Mulder , and Michael Tunstall . 2020 . On the Effect of the (Micro)Architecture on the Development of Side-Channel Resistant Software . IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch. , Vol. 2020 (2020), 1297 . https:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2020\/1297 Lauren De Meyer, Elke De Mulder, and Michael Tunstall. 2020. On the Effect of the (Micro)Architecture on the Development of Side-Channel Resistant Software. IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch. , Vol. 2020 (2020), 1297. https:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2020\/1297","journal-title":"IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"Peter Rugg, and Aril Computer Corp.","author":"Mundkur Prashanth","year":"2021","unstructured":"Prashanth Mundkur , Rishiyur S. Nikhil , Bluespec Inc , Jon French , Brian Campbell , Robert Norton-Wright , Alasdair Armstrong , Thomas Bauereiss , Shaked Flur , Christopher Pulte , Peter Sewell , Alexander Richardson , Hesham Almatary , Jessica Clarke , Microsoft , Nathaniel Wesley Filardo , Peter Rugg, and Aril Computer Corp. August 2021 (accessed January 17, 2022). RISCV Sail Model . https:\/\/github.com\/riscv\/sail-riscv. Prashanth Mundkur, Rishiyur S. Nikhil, Bluespec Inc, Jon French, Brian Campbell, Robert Norton-Wright, Alasdair Armstrong, Thomas Bauereiss, Shaked Flur, Christopher Pulte, Peter Sewell, Alexander Richardson, Hesham Almatary, Jessica Clarke, Microsoft, Nathaniel Wesley Filardo, Peter Rugg, and Aril Computer Corp. August 2021 (accessed January 17, 2022). RISCV Sail Model. https:\/\/github.com\/riscv\/sail-riscv."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"Peter Rugg","author":"Mundkur Prashanth","year":"2020","unstructured":"Prashanth Mundkur , Rishiyur S. Nikhil , Bluespec Inc. , Jon French , Brian Campbell , Robert Norton-Wright , Alasdair Armstrong , Thomas Bauereiss , Shaked Flur , Christopher Pulte , Peter Sewell , Alexander Richardson , Hesham Almatary , Jessica Clarke , Microsoft , Nathaniel Wesley Filardo , Peter Rugg , Aril Computer Corp., Scott Johnson, Hamburg University of Technology, Marc Gourjon, Graz University of Technology , and Vedad Hadzic. 2020 . RISCV Sail Model License. In paper and supplementary materials. RISCV Sail Model This Sail RISC-V architecture model, comprising all files and directories except for the snapshots of the Lem and Sail libraries in the prover_snapshots directory (which include copies of their licences), is subject to the BSD two-clause licence below. Copyright (c) 2017--2021 Prashanth Mundkur, Rishiyur S. Nikhil and Bluespec Inc., Jon French, Brian Campbell, Robert Norton-Wright, Alasdair Armstrong, Thomas Bauereiss, Shaked Flur, Christopher Pulte, Peter Sewell, Alexander Richardson, Hesham Almatary, Jessica Clarke, Microsoft, for contributions by Robert Norton-Wright and Nathaniel Wesley Filardo, Peter Rugg and Aril Computer Corp., for contributions by Scott Johnson Copyright 2020--2022 - TUHH, TU Graz All rights reserved. This software was developed by the above within the Rigorous Engineering of Mainstream Systems (REMS) project, partly funded by EPSRC grant EP\/K008528\/1, at the Universities of Cambridge and Edinburgh. This software was developed by SRI International and the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory (Department of Computer Science and Technology) under DARPA\/AFRL contract FA8650--18-C-7809 (\"CIFV\"), and under DARPA contract HR0011--18-C-0016 (\"ECATS\") as part of the DARPA SSITH research programme. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement 789108, ELVER). This software has received funding from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) as part of the VE-Jupiter project grant 16ME0231K. This work was supported by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) through the FERMION project (grant number 867542) and the AWARE project (FO999891092). Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and\/or other materials provided with the distribution. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS \u201cAS IS\u201d AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. . Prashanth Mundkur, Rishiyur S. Nikhil, Bluespec Inc., Jon French, Brian Campbell, Robert Norton-Wright, Alasdair Armstrong, Thomas Bauereiss, Shaked Flur, Christopher Pulte, Peter Sewell, Alexander Richardson, Hesham Almatary, Jessica Clarke, Microsoft, Nathaniel Wesley Filardo, Peter Rugg, Aril Computer Corp., Scott Johnson, Hamburg University of Technology, Marc Gourjon, Graz University of Technology, and Vedad Hadzic. 2020. RISCV Sail Model License. In paper and supplementary materials. RISCV Sail Model This Sail RISC-V architecture model, comprising all files and directories except for the snapshots of the Lem and Sail libraries in the prover_snapshots directory (which include copies of their licences), is subject to the BSD two-clause licence below. Copyright (c) 2017--2021 Prashanth Mundkur, Rishiyur S. Nikhil and Bluespec Inc., Jon French, Brian Campbell, Robert Norton-Wright, Alasdair Armstrong, Thomas Bauereiss, Shaked Flur, Christopher Pulte, Peter Sewell, Alexander Richardson, Hesham Almatary, Jessica Clarke, Microsoft, for contributions by Robert Norton-Wright and Nathaniel Wesley Filardo, Peter Rugg and Aril Computer Corp., for contributions by Scott Johnson Copyright 2020--2022 - TUHH, TU Graz All rights reserved. This software was developed by the above within the Rigorous Engineering of Mainstream Systems (REMS) project, partly funded by EPSRC grant EP\/K008528\/1, at the Universities of Cambridge and Edinburgh. This software was developed by SRI International and the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory (Department of Computer Science and Technology) under DARPA\/AFRL contract FA8650--18-C-7809 (\"CIFV\"), and under DARPA contract HR0011--18-C-0016 (\"ECATS\") as part of the DARPA SSITH research programme. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement 789108, ELVER). This software has received funding from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) as part of the VE-Jupiter project grant 16ME0231K. This work was supported by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) through the FERMION project (grant number 867542) and the AWARE project (FO999891092). Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and\/or other materials provided with the distribution. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS \u201cAS IS\u201d AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. ."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","volume-title":"ICICS 06 (LNCS","author":"Nikova Svetla","unstructured":"Svetla Nikova , Christian Rechberger , and Vincent Rijmen . 2006. Threshold Implementations Against Side-Channel Attacks and Glitches . In ICICS 06 (LNCS , Vol. 4307), , Peng Ning, Sihan Qing, and Ninghui Li (Eds.). Springer, Heidelberg, 529-- 545 . Svetla Nikova, Christian Rechberger, and Vincent Rijmen. 2006. Threshold Implementations Against Side-Channel Attacks and Glitches. In ICICS 06 (LNCS, Vol. 4307), , Peng Ning, Sihan Qing, and Ninghui Li (Eds.). Springer, Heidelberg, 529--545."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00145-010-9085-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","volume-title":"Mind the Gap: Towards Secure 1st-Order Masking in Software. In COSADE 2017 (LNCS","volume":"297","author":"Papagiannopoulos Kostas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kostas Papagiannopoulos and Nikita Veshchikov . 2017 . Mind the Gap: Towards Secure 1st-Order Masking in Software. In COSADE 2017 (LNCS , Vol. 10348), , Sylvain Guilley (Ed.). Springer, Heidelberg, 282-- 297 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--3--319--64647--3_17 10.1007\/978--3--319--64647--3_17 Kostas Papagiannopoulos and Nikita Veshchikov. 2017. Mind the Gap: Towards Secure 1st-Order Masking in Software. In COSADE 2017 (LNCS, Vol. 10348), , Sylvain Guilley (Ed.). Springer, Heidelberg, 282--297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--3--319--64647--3_17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-38348-9_9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","volume-title":"International Conference on Research in Smart Cards, E-smart 2001, Cannes, France, September 19--21, 2001, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science","volume":"210","author":"Quisquater Jean-Jacques","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jean-Jacques Quisquater and David Samyde . 2001 . ElectroMagnetic Analysis (EMA): Measures and Counter-Measures for Smart Cards. In Smart Card Programming and Security , International Conference on Research in Smart Cards, E-smart 2001, Cannes, France, September 19--21, 2001, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science , Vol. 2140), Isabelle Attali and Thomas P. Jensen (Eds.). Springer, 200-- 210 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3--540--45418--7_17 10.1007\/3--540--45418--7_17 Jean-Jacques Quisquater and David Samyde. 2001. ElectroMagnetic Analysis (EMA): Measures and Counter-Measures for Smart Cards. In Smart Card Programming and Security, International Conference on Research in Smart Cards, E-smart 2001, Cannes, France, September 19--21, 2001, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 2140), Isabelle Attali and Thomas P. Jensen (Eds.). Springer, 200--210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3--540--45418--7_17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","volume-title":"Consolidating Masking Schemes. In CRYPTO","author":"Reparaz Oscar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Oscar Reparaz , Beg\u00fc l Bilgin , Svetla Nikova , Benedikt Gierlichs , and Ingrid Verbauwhede . 2015 . Consolidating Masking Schemes. In CRYPTO 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--3--662--47989--6_37 10.1007\/978--3--662--47989--6_37 Oscar Reparaz, Beg\u00fc l Bilgin, Svetla Nikova, Benedikt Gierlichs, and Ingrid Verbauwhede. 2015. Consolidating Masking Schemes. In CRYPTO 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--3--662--47989--6_37"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","unstructured":"Peter Sewell. June 2020 (accessed January 14 2022). ISA Formal Spec Public Review. https:\/\/github.com\/riscvarchive\/ISA_Formal_Spec_Public_Review.  Peter Sewell. June 2020 (accessed January 14 2022). ISA Formal Spec Public Review. https:\/\/github.com\/riscvarchive\/ISA_Formal_Spec_Public_Review."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","volume-title":"Rosita: Towards Automatic Elimination of Power-Analysis Leakage in Ciphers","author":"Shelton Madura A.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Madura A. Shelton , Niels Samwel , Lejla Batina , Francesco Regazzoni , Markus Wagner , and Yuval Yarom . 2021 . Rosita: Towards Automatic Elimination of Power-Analysis Leakage in Ciphers . In NDSS. The Internet Society . Madura A. Shelton, Niels Samwel, Lejla Batina, Francesco Regazzoni, Markus Wagner, and Yuval Yarom. 2021. Rosita: Towards Automatic Elimination of Power-Analysis Leakage in Ciphers. In NDSS. The Internet Society."}],"event":{"name":"CCS '22: 2022 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","location":"Los Angeles CA USA","acronym":"CCS '22","sponsor":["SIGSAC ACM Special Interest Group on Security, Audit, and Control"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2022 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3548606.3560600","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3548606.3560600","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T17:48:58Z","timestamp":1750182538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3548606.3560600"}},"subtitle":["Provably Complete Power Leakage Models for Processors"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3548606.3560600","10.1145\/3548606"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3548606.3560600","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-11-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}