{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T21:49:48Z","timestamp":1778708988649,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"CHI PLAY","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Physical inactivity and an increasingly sedentary lifestyle constitute a significant public health concern. Exergames try to tackle this problem by combining exercising with motivational gameplay. Another approach in sports science is the use of auditory-motor synchronization, the entrainment of movements to the rhythm of music. There are already commercially successful games making use of the combination of both, such as the popular VR rhythm game BeatSaber. However, unlike traditional exercise settings often relying on periodic movements that can be easily entrained to a rhythmic pulse, exergames typically offer an additional cognitive challenge through their gameplay and might be based more on reaction or memorization. That poses the question as to what extent the effects of auditory-motor synchronization can be transferred to exergames, and if the synchronization of music and gameplay facilitates the playing experience. We conducted a user study (N = 54) to investigate the effects of different degrees of synchronization between music and gameplay using the VR rhythm game BeatSaber. Results show significant effects on performance, perceived workload, and player experience between the synchronized and non-synchronized conditions, but the results seem to be strongly mediated by the ability of the participants to consciously perceive the synchronization differences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3549516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]],"date-time":"2022-10-31T14:42:43Z","timestamp":1667227363000},"page":"1-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The Effect of Auditory-Motor Synchronization in Exergames on the Example of the VR Rhythm Game BeatSaber"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Iannis","family":"Albert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Burkard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Queck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Herrlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Oldenburg, Germany"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2019.102370"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-015-0017-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Effect of different types of music on exercise performance in normal individuals","volume":"57","author":"Am Thakur","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thakur Am and Yardi Ss . 2013 . Effect of different types of music on exercise performance in normal individuals . Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 57 , 4 (Oct. 2013), 448--451. https:\/\/europepmc.org\/article\/med\/24968586 Thakur Am and Yardi Ss. 2013. Effect of different types of music on exercise performance in normal individuals. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 57, 4 (Oct. 2013), 448--451. https:\/\/europepmc.org\/article\/med\/24968586","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_1_4_1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mark Anshel and D.Q. Marisi. 1978. Effect of music and rhythm on physical performance. Research quarterly 49 (June 1978) 109--13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10671315.1978.10615514 10.1080\/10671315.1978.10615514","DOI":"10.1080\/10671315.1978.10615514"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_1_4_1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mark Anshel and D.Q. Marisi. 1978. Effect of music and rhythm on physical performance. Research quarterly 49 (June 1978) 109--13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10671315.1978.10615514","DOI":"10.1080\/10671315.1978.10615514"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Beneficial Effect of Preferential Music on Exercise Induced Changes in Heart Rate Variability","volume":"10","author":"Archana R.","year":"2016","unstructured":"R. Archana and R. Mukilan . 2016 . Beneficial Effect of Preferential Music on Exercise Induced Changes in Heart Rate Variability . Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research : JCDR 10 , 5 (May 2016), CC09--CC11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7860\/JCDR\/2016\/18320.7740 10.7860\/JCDR R. Archana and R. Mukilan. 2016. Beneficial Effect of Preferential Music on Exercise Induced Changes in Heart Rate Variability. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research : JCDR 10, 5 (May 2016), CC09--CC11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7860\/JCDR\/2016\/18320.7740","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research : JCDR"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Effect of music-movement synchrony on exercise oxygen consumption","volume":"52","author":"Bacon C. J.","year":"2012","unstructured":"C. J. Bacon , T. R. Myers , and C. I. Karageorghis . 2012 . Effect of music-movement synchrony on exercise oxygen consumption . The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 52 , 4 (Aug. 2012), 359--365. C. J. Bacon, T. R. Myers, and C. I. Karageorghis. 2012. Effect of music-movement synchrony on exercise oxygen consumption. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 52, 4 (Aug. 2012), 359--365.","journal-title":"The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"A Motivational Music and Video Intervention Improves High-Intensity Exercise Performance","volume":"8","author":"Barwood Martin J.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Martin J. Barwood , Neil J.V. Weston , Richard Thelwell , and Jennifer Page . 2009 . A Motivational Music and Video Intervention Improves High-Intensity Exercise Performance . Journal of Sports Science & Medicine 8 , 3 (Sept. 2009), 435--442. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3763290\/ Martin J. Barwood, Neil J.V. Weston, Richard Thelwell, and Jennifer Page. 2009. A Motivational Music and Video Intervention Improves High-Intensity Exercise Performance. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine 8, 3 (Sept. 2009), 435--442. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3763290\/","journal-title":"Journal of Sports Science & Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"Beat Games. 2018. Beat Saber game. https:\/\/beatsaber.com\/  Beat Games. 2018. Beat Saber game. https:\/\/beatsaber.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13453"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070758"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases","volume":"2","author":"Booth Frank W.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Frank W. Booth , Christian K. Roberts , and Matthew J. Laye . 2012 . Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases . Comprehensive Physiology 2 , 2 (April 2012), 1143--1211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.c110025 10.1002\/cphy.c110025 Frank W. Booth, Christian K. Roberts, and Matthew J. Laye. 2012. Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases. Comprehensive Physiology 2, 2 (April 2012), 1143--1211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.c110025","journal-title":"Comprehensive Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2015 Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play (London, United Kingdom) (CHI PLAY '15). Association for Computing Machinery","author":"Bowey Jason T.","unstructured":"Jason T. Bowey , Max V. Birk , and Regan L. Mandryk . 2015. Manipulating Leaderboards to Induce Player Experience . In Proceedings of the 2015 Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play (London, United Kingdom) (CHI PLAY '15). Association for Computing Machinery , New York, NY, USA, 115--120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2793107.2793138 10.1145\/2793107.2793138 Jason T. Bowey, Max V. Birk, and Regan L. Mandryk. 2015. Manipulating Leaderboards to Induce Player Experience. In Proceedings of the 2015 Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play (London, United Kingdom) (CHI PLAY '15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 115--120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2793107.2793138"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-8478(01)00025-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208702"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition and the 8th Trillennial Conference of the European Society for the Cognitive Sciences of Music","author":"Burger Birgitta","year":"2012","unstructured":"Birgitta Burger , Marc R Thompson , Geoff Luck , Suvi Saarikallio , and Petri Toiviainen . 2012 . Music Moves Us: Beat-Related Musical Features Influence Regularity of Music-Induced Movement . Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition and the 8th Trillennial Conference of the European Society for the Cognitive Sciences of Music (2012), 5. Birgitta Burger, Marc R Thompson, Geoff Luck, Suvi Saarikallio, and Petri Toiviainen. 2012. Music Moves Us: Beat-Related Musical Features Influence Regularity of Music-Induced Movement. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition and the 8th Trillennial Conference of the European Society for the Cognitive Sciences of Music (2012), 5."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Hunting for the beat in the body: on period and phase locking in music-induced movement. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8","author":"Burger Birgitta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Birgitta Burger , Marc R. Thompson , Geoff Luck , Suvi H. Saarikallio , and Petri Toiviainen . 2014. Hunting for the beat in the body: on period and phase locking in music-induced movement. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8 ( 2014 ). https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00903 Birgitta Burger, Marc R. Thompson, Geoff Luck, Suvi H. Saarikallio, and Petri Toiviainen. 2014. Hunting for the beat in the body: on period and phase locking in music-induced movement. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8 (2014). https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00903"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition (ICMPC 11)","author":"Burger Birgitta","year":"2010","unstructured":"Birgitta Burger , Marc R. Thompson , Suvi Saarikallio , Geoff Luck , and Petri Toiviainen . 2010 . Influence of Musical Features on Characteristics of Music-Induced Movements . Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition (ICMPC 11) (2010), 425--428. https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.1000121107 Birgitta Burger, Marc R. Thompson, Suvi Saarikallio, Geoff Luck, and Petri Toiviainen. 2010. Influence of Musical Features on Characteristics of Music-Induced Movements. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition (ICMPC 11) (2010), 425--428. https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.1000121107"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15213260701533045"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The modulating effects of music listening on health-related exercise and physical activity in adults: a systematic review and narrative synthesis","volume":"25","author":"Clark Imogen N.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Imogen N. Clark , Felicity A. Baker , and Nicholas F. Taylor . 2013 . The modulating effects of music listening on health-related exercise and physical activity in adults: a systematic review and narrative synthesis . Nordic Journal of Music Therapy 25 , 1 (Dec. 2013), 76--104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08098131.2015.1008558 10.1080\/08098131.2015.1008558 Imogen N. Clark, Felicity A. Baker, and Nicholas F. Taylor. 2013. The modulating effects of music listening on health-related exercise and physical activity in adults: a systematic review and narrative synthesis. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy 25, 1 (Dec. 2013), 76--104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08098131.2015.1008558","journal-title":"Nordic Journal of Music Therapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Cross-Sectional Studies Investigating the Impacts of Background Sounds on Cognitive Task Performance","author":"Cockerham Deborah","unstructured":"Deborah Cockerham , Lin Lin , Zhengsi Chang , and Mike Schellen . 2019. Cross-Sectional Studies Investigating the Impacts of Background Sounds on Cognitive Task Performance . Springer International Publishing , Cham , 177--194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--3-030-02631--8_10 10.1007\/978--3-030-02631--8_10 Deborah Cockerham, Lin Lin, Zhengsi Chang, and Mike Schellen. 2019. Cross-Sectional Studies Investigating the Impacts of Background Sounds on Cognitive Task Performance. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 177--194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--3-030-02631--8_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Meyer","author":"Cooper Grosvenor W.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Grosvenor W. Cooper and Leonard B . Meyer . 1963 . The rhythmic structure of music. University of Chicago press . Grosvenor W. Cooper and Leonard B. Meyer. 1963. The rhythmic structure of music. University of Chicago press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"HTC Corporation","year":"2019","unstructured":"HTC Corporation . 2019 . Vive Pro Eye . Retrieved February 23, 2022 from https:\/\/www.vive.com\/de\/product\/vive-pro-eye\/overview\/ HTC Corporation. 2019. Vive Pro Eye. Retrieved February 23, 2022 from https:\/\/www.vive.com\/de\/product\/vive-pro-eye\/overview\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130600899104"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Electro Polar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Polar Electro . 2017 . Polar H10 Heat Rate Sensor . Retrieved February 23, 2022 from https:\/\/www.polar.com\/us-en\/products\/accessories\/h10_heart_rate_sensor Polar Electro. 2017. Polar H10 Heat Rate Sensor. Retrieved February 23, 2022 from https:\/\/www.polar.com\/us-en\/products\/accessories\/h10_heart_rate_sensor"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Music during exercise: does tempo influence psychophysical responses? Philica 110 (Nov","author":"Elliott David","year":"2007","unstructured":"David Elliott . 2007. Music during exercise: does tempo influence psychophysical responses? Philica 110 (Nov . 2007 ). http:\/\/www.philica.com\/display_article.php?article_id=110 David Elliott. 2007. Music during exercise: does tempo influence psychophysical responses? Philica 110 (Nov. 2007). http:\/\/www.philica.com\/display_article.php?article_id=110"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_1_26_1.1","unstructured":"J. Finlayson J. Peterson J. Free M. Lo L. Shaw C. Lutteroth and B. C. W\u00fcnsche. 2017. Tour de Tune -- Auditory-game-motor synchronisation in Exergames. In International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments ICAT-EGVE 2017 (International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments ICAT-EGVE 2017). Eurographics Digital Library Switzerland 29--36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2312\/egve.20171335 10.2312\/egve.20171335"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_1_26_1.2","unstructured":"J. Finlayson J. Peterson J. Free M. Lo L. Shaw C. Lutteroth and B. C. W\u00fcnsche. 2017. Tour de Tune -- Auditory-game-motor synchronisation in Exergames. In International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments ICAT-EGVE 2017 (International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments ICAT-EGVE 2017). Eurographics Digital Library Switzerland 29--36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2312\/egve.20171335"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2371664.2371668"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1217252110"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00771"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Re-orchestrating Game Drama: The Immersive Experience of Dynamic Music in Video Games. (July","author":"Gasselseder Hans-Peter","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hans-Peter Gasselseder . 2013. Re-orchestrating Game Drama: The Immersive Experience of Dynamic Music in Video Games. (July 2013 ). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14236\/ewic\/EVA2013.58 10.14236\/ewic Hans-Peter Gasselseder. 2013. Re-orchestrating Game Drama: The Immersive Experience of Dynamic Music in Video Games. (July 2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14236\/ewic\/EVA2013.58"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1356336X16645611"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290688.3290752"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/e577632012-009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3383668.3419934"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","first-page":"135","article-title":"The influence of asynchronous motivational music on a supramaximal exercise bout","volume":"42","author":"Hutchinson Jasmin C.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jasmin C. Hutchinson , Todd Sherman , Lyndsey Davis , Dusty Cawthon , Nathan B. Reeder , and Gershon Tenenbaum . 2011 . The influence of asynchronous motivational music on a supramaximal exercise bout . International Journal of Sport Psychology 42 , 2 (2011), 135 -- 148 . Jasmin C. Hutchinson, Todd Sherman, Lyndsey Davis, Dusty Cawthon, Nathan B. Reeder, and Gershon Tenenbaum. 2011. The influence of asynchronous motivational music on a supramaximal exercise bout. International Journal of Sport Psychology 42, 2 (2011), 135--148.","journal-title":"International Journal of Sport Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 10 th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition (ICMPC 10)","author":"Iversen John R","year":"2008","unstructured":"John R Iversen and Aniruddh D Patel . 2008 . The Beat Alignment Test (BAT): Surveying Beat Processing Abilities in the General Population . Proceedings of the 10 th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition (ICMPC 10) (2008), 4. John R Iversen and Aniruddh D Patel. 2008. The Beat Alignment Test (BAT): Surveying Beat Processing Abilities in the General Population. Proceedings of the 10 th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition (ICMPC 10) (2008), 4."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.2013-0251"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"A Technical Framework for Musical Biofeedback in Stroke Rehabilitation. arXiv:2012.00323 [cs] (Dec","author":"Kantan Prithvi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Prithvi Kantan , Erika G. Spaich , and Sofia Dahl . 2020. A Technical Framework for Musical Biofeedback in Stroke Rehabilitation. arXiv:2012.00323 [cs] (Dec . 2020 ). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2012.00323 Prithvi Kantan, Erika G. Spaich, and Sofia Dahl. 2020. A Technical Framework for Musical Biofeedback in Stroke Rehabilitation. arXiv:2012.00323 [cs] (Dec. 2020). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2012.00323"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 16th Sound & Music Computing Conference SMC 2019","author":"Kantan Prithvi Ravi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Prithvi Ravi Kantan and Sofia Dahl . 2019 . An Interactive Music Synthesizer for Gait Training in Neurorehabilitation: 16th Sound and music computing conference . Proceedings of the 16th Sound & Music Computing Conference SMC 2019 (2019), 159--166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.3249297 10.5281\/zenodo.3249297 Prithvi Ravi Kantan and Sofia Dahl. 2019. An Interactive Music Synthesizer for Gait Training in Neurorehabilitation: 16th Sound and music computing conference. Proceedings of the 16th Sound & Music Computing Conference SMC 2019 (2019), 159--166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.3249297"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Terry","author":"Karageorghis Costas I.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Costas I. Karageorghis , Kevin M. Drew , and Peter C . Terry . 1996 . Effects of Pretest Stimulative and Sedative Music on Grip Strength. Perceptual and Motor Skills 83, 3_suppl (Dec. 1996), 1347--1352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2466\/pms.1996.83.3f.1347 10.2466\/pms.1996.83.3f.1347 Costas I. Karageorghis, Kevin M. Drew, and Peter C. Terry. 1996. Effects of Pretest Stimulative and Sedative Music on Grip Strength. Perceptual and Motor Skills 83, 3_suppl (Dec. 1996), 1347--1352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2466\/pms.1996.83.3f.1347"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2019.102511"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.31.1.18"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Music in the exercise domain: a review and synthesis (Part I)","volume":"5","author":"Karageorghis Costas I.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Costas I. Karageorghis and David-Lee Priest . 2012 . Music in the exercise domain: a review and synthesis (Part I) . International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology 5 , 1 (March 2012), 44--66. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1750984X.2011.631026 10.1080\/1750984X.2011.631026 Costas I. Karageorghis and David-Lee Priest. 2012. Music in the exercise domain: a review and synthesis (Part I). International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology 5, 1 (March 2012), 44--66. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1750984X.2011.631026","journal-title":"International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Music in the exercise domain: a review and synthesis (Part II)","volume":"5","author":"Karageorghis Costas I.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Costas I. Karageorghis and David-Lee Priest . 2012 . Music in the exercise domain: a review and synthesis (Part II) . International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology 5 , 1 (March 2012), 67--84. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1750984X.2011.631027 10.1080\/1750984X.2011.631027 Costas I. Karageorghis and David-Lee Priest. 2012. Music in the exercise domain: a review and synthesis (Part II). International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology 5, 1 (March 2012), 67--84. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1750984X.2011.631027","journal-title":"International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2010.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/026404199365579"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290688.3290740"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3340764.3344907"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","volume-title":"Study on the Motivational and Physical Effects of Two VR Exergames. In 2019 11th International Conference on Virtual Worlds and Games for Serious Applications (VS-Games). 1--2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10","author":"Kivel\u00e4 O.","year":"2019","unstructured":"O. Kivel\u00e4 , P. Alavesa , A. Visuri , and T. Ojala . 2019 . Study on the Motivational and Physical Effects of Two VR Exergames. In 2019 11th International Conference on Virtual Worlds and Games for Serious Applications (VS-Games). 1--2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10 .1109\/VS-Games. 2019 .8864544 10.1109\/VS-Games.2019.8864544 O. Kivel\u00e4, P. Alavesa, A. Visuri, and T. Ojala. 2019. Study on the Motivational and Physical Effects of Two VR Exergames. In 2019 11th International Conference on Virtual Worlds and Games for Serious Applications (VS-Games). 1--2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/VS-Games.2019.8864544"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15213269.2018.1507827"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","unstructured":"Konami. 1998. Dance Dance Revolution. https:\/\/www.konami.com\/games\/asia\/en\/products\/ddr_a\/  Konami. 1998. Dance Dance Revolution. https:\/\/www.konami.com\/games\/asia\/en\/products\/ddr_a\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Effects of Music Interventions on Emotional States and Running Performance","volume":"10","author":"Lane Andrew M.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Andrew M. Lane , Paul A. Davis , and Tracey J. Devonport . 2011 . Effects of Music Interventions on Emotional States and Running Performance . Journal of Sports Science & Medicine 10 , 2 (June 2011), 400--407. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3761862\/ Andrew M. Lane, Paul A. Davis, and Tracey J. Devonport. 2011. Effects of Music Interventions on Emotional States and Running Performance. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine 10, 2 (June 2011), 400--407. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3761862\/","journal-title":"Journal of Sports Science & Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-8-115"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","volume-title":"Body, Sound and Space in Music and Beyond: Multimodal Explorations","author":"Leman Marc","unstructured":"Marc Leman , Jeska Buhmann , and Edith Van Dyck . 2016. The empowering effects of being locked into the beat of the music . In Body, Sound and Space in Music and Beyond: Multimodal Explorations . Routledge . Marc Leman, Jeska Buhmann, and Edith Van Dyck. 2016. The empowering effects of being locked into the beat of the music. In Body, Sound and Space in Music and Beyond: Multimodal Explorations. Routledge."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00811"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2793107.2810329"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33542-6_46"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3182a6378c"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12391"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3212721.3212843"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2010.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00548"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12193-018-0279-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","volume-title":"Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden","author":"Mayring Philipp","unstructured":"Philipp Mayring and Thomas Fenzl . 2019. Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse . Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden , Wiesbaden , 633--648. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--3--658--21308--4_42 10.1007\/978--3--658--21308--4_42 Philipp Mayring and Thomas Fenzl. 2019. Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, 633--648. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--3--658--21308--4_42"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","volume-title":"The effect of instruction to synchronize over step frequency while walking with auditory cues on a treadmill. Human Movement Science 33 (Feb","author":"Mendon\u00e7a Catarina","year":"2014","unstructured":"Catarina Mendon\u00e7a , Marta Oliveira , Liliana Fontes , and Jorge Santos . 2014. The effect of instruction to synchronize over step frequency while walking with auditory cues on a treadmill. Human Movement Science 33 (Feb . 2014 ), 33--42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.humov.2013.11.006 10.1016\/j.humov.2013.11.006 Catarina Mendon\u00e7a, Marta Oliveira, Liliana Fontes, and Jorge Santos. 2014. The effect of instruction to synchronize over step frequency while walking with auditory cues on a treadmill. Human Movement Science 33 (Feb. 2014), 33--42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.humov.2013.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","volume-title":"The influence of music tempo on mental load and hazard perception of novice drivers. Accident Analysis & Prevention 157 (July","author":"Miao Lvqing","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lvqing Miao , Yunjiao Gu , Lichun He , Huarong Wang , David C. Schwebel , and Yongjiang Shen . 2021. The influence of music tempo on mental load and hazard perception of novice drivers. Accident Analysis & Prevention 157 (July 2021 ), 106168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106168 10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106168 Lvqing Miao, Yunjiao Gu, Lichun He, Huarong Wang, David C. Schwebel, and Yongjiang Shen. 2021. The influence of music tempo on mental load and hazard perception of novice drivers. Accident Analysis & Prevention 157 (July 2021), 106168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106168"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12678\/1089-313X.19.1.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114234"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","volume-title":"Entrainment and Synchronization to Auditory Stimuli During Walking in Healthy and Neurological Populations: A Methodological Systematic Review. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 12","author":"Moumdjian Lousin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lousin Moumdjian , Jeska Buhmann , Iris Willems , Peter Feys , and Marc Leman . 2018. Entrainment and Synchronization to Auditory Stimuli During Walking in Healthy and Neurological Populations: A Methodological Systematic Review. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 12 ( 2018 ). https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00263 Lousin Moumdjian, Jeska Buhmann, Iris Willems, Peter Feys, and Marc Leman. 2018. Entrainment and Synchronization to Auditory Stimuli During Walking in Healthy and Neurological Populations: A Methodological Systematic Review. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 12 (2018). https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00263"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/1100000041"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1517744.1517772"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Virtual Reality Institute of Health and Exercise.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Virtual Reality Institute of Health and Exercise. 2018 . Rating Notes: BEAT SABER . Retrieved February 23, 2022 from https:\/\/vrhealth.institute\/portfolio\/beat-saber\/ Virtual Reality Institute of Health and Exercise. 2018. Rating Notes: BEAT SABER. Retrieved February 23, 2022 from https:\/\/vrhealth.institute\/portfolio\/beat-saber\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","volume-title":"Dra?en Cular, Alen Miletic, and Andrea De Giorgio.","author":"Patania Vittoria Maria","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vittoria Maria Patania , Johnny Padulo , Enzo Iuliano , Luca Paolo Ardig\u00f2 , Dra?en Cular, Alen Miletic, and Andrea De Giorgio. 2020 . The Psychophysiological Effects of Different Tempo Music on Endurance Versus High-Intensity Performances. Frontiers in Psychology 11 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00074 10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00074 Vittoria Maria Patania, Johnny Padulo, Enzo Iuliano, Luca Paolo Ardig\u00f2, Dra?en Cular, Alen Miletic, and Andrea De Giorgio. 2020. The Psychophysiological Effects of Different Tempo Music on Endurance Versus High-Intensity Performances. Frontiers in Psychology 11 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00074"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001504-200503000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","first-page":"158","article-title":"Zur Messung der mentalen Beanspruchung mit dem NASA-Task Load Index","volume":"44","author":"Pfendler C","year":"1990","unstructured":"C Pfendler . 1990 . Zur Messung der mentalen Beanspruchung mit dem NASA-Task Load Index . Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Arbeitswissenschaft 44 , 3 (1990), 158 -- 163 . C Pfendler. 1990. Zur Messung der mentalen Beanspruchung mit dem NASA-Task Load Index. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Arbeitswissenschaft 44, 3 (1990), 158--163.","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Arbeitswissenschaft"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3200\/JACH.54.2.87-94"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2011.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_1","unstructured":"D. L. Priest C. I. Karageorghis and N. C. C. Sharp. 2004. The characteristics and effects of motivational music in exercise settings: The possible influence of gender age frequency of attendance and time of attendance. (2004). http:\/\/bura.brunel.ac.uk\/handle\/2438\/2946  D. L. Priest C. I. Karageorghis and N. C. C. Sharp. 2004. The characteristics and effects of motivational music in exercise settings: The possible influence of gender age frequency of attendance and time of attendance. (2004). http:\/\/bura.brunel.ac.uk\/handle\/2438\/2946"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_79_1","volume-title":"Analysis of the applicability and utility of a gamified didactics with exergames at primary schools: Qualitative findings from a natural experiment. PLOS ONE 15, 4 (04","author":"Quintas-Hij\u00f3s Alejandro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alejandro Quintas-Hij\u00f3s , Carlos Pe\u00f1arrubia-Lozano , and Juan Carlos Bustamante . 2020. Analysis of the applicability and utility of a gamified didactics with exergames at primary schools: Qualitative findings from a natural experiment. PLOS ONE 15, 4 (04 2020 ), 1--27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0231269 10.1371\/journal.pone.0231269 Alejandro Quintas-Hij\u00f3s, Carlos Pe\u00f1arrubia-Lozano, and Juan Carlos Bustamante. 2020. Analysis of the applicability and utility of a gamified didactics with exergames at primary schools: Qualitative findings from a natural experiment. PLOS ONE 15, 4 (04 2020), 1--27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0231269"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/tsp.22.2.175"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03206433"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/v10053-008-0053-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-012-0371-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_84_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '18)","author":"Rogers Katja","unstructured":"Katja Rogers , Giovanni Ribeiro , Rina R. Wehbe , Michael Weber , and Lennart E. Nacke . 2018. Vanishing Importance: Studying Immersive Effects of Game Audio Perception on Player Experiences in Virtual Reality . In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '18) . Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3173574.3173902 10.1145\/3173574.3173902 Katja Rogers, Giovanni Ribeiro, Rina R. Wehbe, Michael Weber, and Lennart E. Nacke. 2018. Vanishing Importance: Studying Immersive Effects of Game Audio Perception on Player Experiences in Virtual Reality. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3173574.3173902"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702598"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_86_1","volume-title":"Effects of Exergame and Music on Acute Exercise Responses to Graded Treadmill Running. Games for Health Journal: Research, Development, and Clinical Applications 2 (April","author":"Soltani Pooya","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pooya Soltani and Mohsen Salesi . 2013. Effects of Exergame and Music on Acute Exercise Responses to Graded Treadmill Running. Games for Health Journal: Research, Development, and Clinical Applications 2 (April 2013 ), 75--80. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/g4h.2012.0077 10.1089\/g4h.2012.0077 Pooya Soltani and Mohsen Salesi. 2013. Effects of Exergame and Music on Acute Exercise Responses to Graded Treadmill Running. Games for Health Journal: Research, Development, and Clinical Applications 2 (April 2013), 75--80. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/g4h.2012.0077"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/193229681200600412"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2007.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000216"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2011.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870110213"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07370024.2020.1746910"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_93_1","volume-title":"SteamVR. Retrieved","year":"2016","unstructured":"Valve. 2016 --2022 . SteamVR. Retrieved February 23, 2022 from https:\/\/store.steampowered.com\/app\/250820\/SteamVR\/ Valve. 2016--2022. SteamVR. Retrieved February 23, 2022 from https:\/\/store.steampowered.com\/app\/250820\/SteamVR\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10484-011-9149-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_95_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"The Impact of the Bass Drum on Human Dance Movement","volume":"30","author":"Dyck Edith Van","year":"2013","unstructured":"Edith Van Dyck , Dirk Moelants , Michiel Demey , Alexander Deweppe , Pieter Coussement , and Marc Leman . 2013 . The Impact of the Bass Drum on Human Dance Movement . Music Perception 30 , 4 (April 2013), 349--359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1525\/mp.2013.30.4.349 10.1525\/mp.2013.30.4.349 Edith Van Dyck, Dirk Moelants, Michiel Demey, Alexander Deweppe, Pieter Coussement, and Marc Leman. 2013. The Impact of the Bass Drum on Human Dance Movement. Music Perception 30, 4 (April 2013), 349--359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1525\/mp.2013.30.4.349","journal-title":"Music Perception"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_96_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Spontaneous Entrainment of Running Cadence to Music Tempo","volume":"1","author":"Dyck Edith Van","year":"2015","unstructured":"Edith Van Dyck , Bart Moens , Jeska Buhmann , Michiel Demey , Esther Coorevits , Simone Dalla Bella , and Marc Leman . 2015 . Spontaneous Entrainment of Running Cadence to Music Tempo . Sports Medicine - Open 1 , 1 (July 2015), 15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40798-015-0025--9 10.1186\/s40798-015-0025--9 Edith Van Dyck, Bart Moens, Jeska Buhmann, Michiel Demey, Esther Coorevits, Simone Dalla Bella, and Marc Leman. 2015. Spontaneous Entrainment of Running Cadence to Music Tempo. Sports Medicine - Open 1, 1 (July 2015), 15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40798-015-0025--9","journal-title":"Sports Medicine - Open"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2009.00948.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/apab.111.3.211.23464"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1000121107"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_100_1","volume-title":"The Influence of Background Music of Video Games on Immersion. Journal of Psychology & Psychotherapy 05 (01","author":"Zhang Jiulin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jiulin Zhang and Xiaoqing Fu. 2015. The Influence of Background Music of Video Games on Immersion. Journal of Psychology & Psychotherapy 05 (01 2015 ), 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4172\/2161-0487.1000191 10.4172\/2161-0487.1000191 Jiulin Zhang and Xiaoqing Fu. 2015. The Influence of Background Music of Video Games on Immersion. Journal of Psychology & Psychotherapy 05 (01 2015), 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4172\/2161-0487.1000191"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3549516","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3549516","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T19:00:11Z","timestamp":1750186811000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3549516"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"CHI PLAY","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3549516"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3549516","relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-0142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-0142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-10-31","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}