{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T20:35:42Z","timestamp":1771965342066,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"CHI PLAY","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This work explores the use of functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) to assess cognitive activity during videogame play, and compare it to cognitive activity during cognitive tasks that assess executive control. To this end, we assessed haemodynamic response to videogame and cognitive tasks in the prefrontal cortex, each manipulated on a spectrum of difficulty. In our study (n = 37), we find that mental effort expended during videogame play did not differ from mental effort expended during cognitive tasks---and speculate that regional cognitive activity during gameplay is indicative of functions pertaining to memory encoding and retrieval, planning, and sustainment of attention. Our findings suggest the utility of fNIRS as a means to understand challenge as part of the player experience, and contest the popular conception of videogame play as cognitively undemanding entertainment. Further, we were successful in distinguishing between difficulty levels in the gameplay tasks, situating fNIRS as broadly useful for granular assessment of gameplay difficulty. As such, we contend that fNIRS is an effective and useful tool for generating high-resolution insights regarding cognition (and particularly the experience of difficulty) during gameplay.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3549519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]],"date-time":"2022-10-31T14:42:43Z","timestamp":1667227363000},"page":"1-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Using fNIRS to Assess Cognitive Activity During Gameplay"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Madison","family":"Klarkowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Micka\u00ebl","family":"Causse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISAE-SUPAERO, Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alban","family":"Dupr\u00e8s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISAE-SUPAERO, Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"del Campo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kellie","family":"Vella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Research Design","author":"Abdi Herve","unstructured":"Herve Abdi and Lynne J Williams . 2010. Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) Test . In Encyclopedia of Research Design , Neil Salkind (Ed.). Sage , Thousand Oaks, CA . Herve Abdi and Lynne J Williams. 2010. Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) Test. In Encyclopedia of Research Design, Neil Salkind (Ed.). Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556288.2557230"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital EntertainmentConference, AIIDE","author":"Andrade Gustavo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gustavo Andrade , Geber Ramalho , Alex Sandro Gomes , and Vincent Corruble . 2006 . Dynamic game balancing: An evaluation of user satisfaction . In Proceedings of the 2nd Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital EntertainmentConference, AIIDE 2006. Gustavo Andrade, Geber Ramalho, Alex Sandro Gomes, and Vincent Corruble. 2006. Dynamic game balancing: An evaluation of user satisfaction. In Proceedings of the 2nd Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital EntertainmentConference, AIIDE 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Single-trial recognition of video gamer's expertise from brain haemodynamic and facial emotion responses. Brain Sciences 11, 1","author":"Andreu-Perez Ana R.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ana R. Andreu-Perez , Mehrin Kiani , Javier Andreu-Perez , Pratusha Reddy , Jaime Andreu-Abela , Maria Pinto , and Kurtulus Izzetoglu . 2021. Single-trial recognition of video gamer's expertise from brain haemodynamic and facial emotion responses. Brain Sciences 11, 1 ( 2021 ). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci11010106 10.3390\/brainsci11010106 Ana R. Andreu-Perez, Mehrin Kiani, Javier Andreu-Perez, Pratusha Reddy, Jaime Andreu-Abela, Maria Pinto, and Kurtulus Izzetoglu. 2021. Single-trial recognition of video gamer's expertise from brain haemodynamic and facial emotion responses. Brain Sciences 11, 1 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci11010106"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Poldrack","author":"Aron Adam R.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Adam R. Aron , Trevor W. Robbins , and Russell A . Poldrack . 2004 . Inhibition and the right inferior frontal cortex. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 8, 4 (4 2004), 170--177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tics.2004.02.010 10.1016\/j.tics.2004.02.010 Adam R. Aron, Trevor W. Robbins, and Russell A. Poldrack. 2004. Inhibition and the right inferior frontal cortex. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 8, 4 (4 2004), 170--177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tics.2004.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2944965"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2559206.2581285"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_1_8_1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Baumeister T. Barthel K.R. Geiss and M. Weiss. 2008. Influence of phosphatidylserine on cognitive performance and cortical activity after induced stress. Nutritional Neuroscience 11 3 (6 2008) 103--110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/147683008X301478 10.1179\/147683008X301478","DOI":"10.1179\/147683008X301478"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_1_8_1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Baumeister T. Barthel K.R. Geiss and M. Weiss. 2008. Influence of phosphatidylserine on cognitive performance and cortical activity after induced stress. Nutritional Neuroscience 11 3 (6 2008) 103--110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/147683008X301478","DOI":"10.1179\/147683008X301478"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_1_9_1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Bavelier R.L. Achtman M. Mani and J. F\u00f6cker. 2012. Neural bases of selective attention in action video game players. Vision Research 61 (5 2012) 132--143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.visres.2011.08.007 10.1016\/j.visres.2011.08.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2011.08.007"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_1_9_1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Bavelier R.L. Achtman M. Mani and J. F\u00f6cker. 2012. Neural bases of selective attention in action video game players. Vision Research 61 (5 2012) 132--143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.visres.2011.08.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2011.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"BIOPAC. 2022. NIRS Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS). https:\/\/www.biopac.com\/application\/fnir-functional-near-infrared-optical-brain-imaging\/advanced-feature\/nirs-near-infrared-spectroscopy-fnir\/  BIOPAC. 2022. NIRS Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS). https:\/\/www.biopac.com\/application\/fnir-functional-near-infrared-optical-brain-imaging\/advanced-feature\/nirs-near-infrared-spectroscopy-fnir\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Berntson","author":"Cacioppo John T.","year":"2016","unstructured":"John T. Cacioppo , Louis G. Tassinary , and Gary G . Berntson . 2016 . Handbook of Psychophysiology. Cambridge University Press . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781107415782 10.1017\/9781107415782 John T. Cacioppo, Louis G. Tassinary, and Gary G. Berntson. 2016. Handbook of Psychophysiology. Cambridge University Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781107415782"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Natalia Del Campo, and Nadine Matton","author":"Causse Micka\u00ebl","year":"2017","unstructured":"Micka\u00ebl Causse , Zarrin Chua , Vsevolod Peysakhovich , Natalia Del Campo, and Nadine Matton . 2017 . Mental workload and neural efficiency quantified in the prefrontal cortex using fNIRS. Scientific Reports 7, 1 (12 2017), 5222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-05378-x 10.1038\/s41598-017-05378-x Micka\u00ebl Causse, Zarrin Chua, Vsevolod Peysakhovich, Natalia Del Campo, and Nadine Matton. 2017. Mental workload and neural efficiency quantified in the prefrontal cortex using fNIRS. Scientific Reports 7, 1 (12 2017), 5222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-05378-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44082-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"Cambridge Cognition. 2019. CANTAB [Cognitive Assessment Software]. All rights reserved. www.cantab.com  Cambridge Cognition. 2019. CANTAB [Cognitive Assessment Software]. All rights reserved. www.cantab.com"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience","author":"Csikszentmihalyi Mihalyi","year":"1990","unstructured":"Mihalyi Csikszentmihalyi . 1990 . Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience . Harper Perennial , New York . Mihalyi Csikszentmihalyi. 1990. Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. Harper Perennial, New York."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"CSU. 2022. FMRI Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Lab. https:\/\/home.csulb.edu\/~cwallis\/482\/fmri\/fmri.html  CSU. 2022. FMRI Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Lab. https:\/\/home.csulb.edu\/~cwallis\/482\/fmri\/fmri.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Reiss","author":"Cui Xu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Xu Cui , Signe Bray , and Allan L . Reiss . 2010 . Functional near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) signal improvement based on negative correlation between oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin dynamics. NeuroImage 49, 4 (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.11.050 10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.11.050 Xu Cui, Signe Bray, and Allan L. Reiss. 2010. Functional near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) signal improvement based on negative correlation between oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin dynamics. NeuroImage 49, 4 (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.11.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1836135.1836143"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"Emotiv. 2022. Emotiv EPOC.  Emotiv. 2022. Emotiv EPOC."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"McNaughton","author":"Euston David R.","year":"2012","unstructured":"David R. Euston , Aaron J. Gruber , and Bruce L . McNaughton . 2012 . The Role of Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Memory and Decision Making. Neuron 76, 6 (12 2012), 1057--1070. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.12.002 10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.12.002 David R. Euston, Aaron J. Gruber, and Bruce L. McNaughton. 2012. The Role of Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Memory and Decision Making. Neuron 76, 6 (12 2012), 1057--1070. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.12.002"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_1_21_1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marco Ferrari and Valentina Quaresima. 2012. A brief review on the history of human functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) development and fields of application. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.03.049 10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.03.049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.03.049"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_1_21_1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marco Ferrari and Valentina Quaresima. 2012. A brief review on the history of human functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) development and fields of application. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.03.049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.03.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17439760.2014.967799"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 95","author":"Gabrieli J. D. E.","year":"1998","unstructured":"J. D. E. Gabrieli , R. A. Poldrack , and J. E. Desmond . 1998. The role of left prefrontal cortex in language and memory . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 95 , 3 (2 1998 ), 906--913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.95.3.906 10.1073\/pnas.95.3.906 J. D. E. Gabrieli, R. A. Poldrack, and J. E. Desmond. 1998. The role of left prefrontal cortex in language and memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 95, 3 (2 1998), 906--913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.95.3.906"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Clouds: On-the-Fly Mental State Estimation of Aircraft Pilots, Using a Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy Based Passive-BCI. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 12 (5","author":"Gateau Thibault","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thibault Gateau , Hasan Ayaz , and Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Dehais . 2018 . In silico vs. Over the Clouds: On-the-Fly Mental State Estimation of Aircraft Pilots, Using a Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy Based Passive-BCI. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 12 (5 2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00187 10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00187 Thibault Gateau, Hasan Ayaz, and Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Dehais. 2018. In silico vs. Over the Clouds: On-the-Fly Mental State Estimation of Aircraft Pilots, Using a Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy Based Passive-BCI. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 12 (5 2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00187"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Leanne M. Hirshfield, Krysta Chauncey, Angelo Sassaroli, Sergio Fantini, and Robert J.K. Jacob.","author":"Girouard Audrey","year":"2009","unstructured":"Audrey Girouard , Erin Treacy Solovey , Leanne M. Hirshfield, Krysta Chauncey, Angelo Sassaroli, Sergio Fantini, and Robert J.K. Jacob. 2009 . Distinguishing difficulty levels with non-invasive brain activity measurements. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Vol. 5726 LNCS. 440--452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--3--642-03655--2{_}50 10.1007\/978--3--642-03655--2 Audrey Girouard, Erin Treacy Solovey, Leanne M. Hirshfield, Krysta Chauncey, Angelo Sassaroli, Sergio Fantini, and Robert J.K. Jacob. 2009. Distinguishing difficulty levels with non-invasive brain activity measurements. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Vol. 5726 LNCS. 440--452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--3--642-03655--2{_}50"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Leanne M. Hirshfield, Evan M. Peck, Krysta Chauncey, Angelo Sassaroli, Sergio Fantini, and Robert J. K. Jacob.","author":"Girouard Audrey","year":"2010","unstructured":"Audrey Girouard , Erin Treacy Solovey , Leanne M. Hirshfield, Evan M. Peck, Krysta Chauncey, Angelo Sassaroli, Sergio Fantini, and Robert J. K. Jacob. 2010 . From Brain Signals to Adaptive Interfaces : Using fNIRS in HCI. https: \/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--1--84996--272--8{_}13 10.1007\/978--1--84996--272--8 Audrey Girouard, Erin Treacy Solovey, Leanne M. Hirshfield, Evan M. Peck, Krysta Chauncey, Angelo Sassaroli, Sergio Fantini, and Robert J. K. Jacob. 2010. From Brain Signals to Adaptive Interfaces: Using fNIRS in HCI. https: \/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--1--84996--272--8{_}13"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"ROLE OF THE RIGHT PREFRONTAL CORTEX IN ILL-STRUCTURED PLANNING. Cognitive Neuropsychology 17, 5 (7","author":"Goel Vinod","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vinod Goel and Jordan Grafman . 2000. ROLE OF THE RIGHT PREFRONTAL CORTEX IN ILL-STRUCTURED PLANNING. Cognitive Neuropsychology 17, 5 (7 2000 ), 415--436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/026432900410775 10.1080\/026432900410775 Vinod Goel and Jordan Grafman. 2000. ROLE OF THE RIGHT PREFRONTAL CORTEX IN ILL-STRUCTURED PLANNING. Cognitive Neuropsychology 17, 5 (7 2000), 415--436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/026432900410775"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Valeria Isella, Ildebrando Appollonio, Silvia Drei, and Paolo Nichelli.","author":"Goel Vinod","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vinod Goel , Oshin Vartanian , Angela Bartolo , Lila Hakim , Anna Maria Ferraro , Valeria Isella, Ildebrando Appollonio, Silvia Drei, and Paolo Nichelli. 2013 . Lesions to right prefrontal cortex impair real-world planning through prematurecommitments. Neuropsychologia 51, 4 (3 2013), 713--724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2012.11.029 10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2012.11.029 Vinod Goel, Oshin Vartanian, Angela Bartolo, Lila Hakim, Anna Maria Ferraro, Valeria Isella, Ildebrando Appollonio, Silvia Drei, and Paolo Nichelli. 2013. Lesions to right prefrontal cortex impair real-world planning through prematurecommitments. Neuropsychologia 51, 4 (3 2013), 713--724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2012.11.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","series-title":"Handbook of Optical Biomedical Diagnostics","volume-title":"Light-Tissue Interaction. SPIE PRESS. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/3.2219603.ch8","author":"Gong Hui","unstructured":"Hui Gong , Qingming Luo , Shaoqun Zeng , Shoko Nioka , Yasufumi Kuroda , and Britton Chance . [n.d.]. Monitoring of Brain Activity with Near-Infrared Spectroscopy . In Handbook of Optical Biomedical Diagnostics , Second Edition, Volume 1 : Light-Tissue Interaction. SPIE PRESS. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/3.2219603.ch8 10.1117\/3.2219603.ch8 Hui Gong, Qingming Luo, Shaoqun Zeng, Shoko Nioka, Yasufumi Kuroda, and Britton Chance. [n.d.]. Monitoring of Brain Activity with Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. In Handbook of Optical Biomedical Diagnostics, Second Edition, Volume 1: Light-Tissue Interaction. SPIE PRESS. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/3.2219603.ch8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Rauch","author":"Holt Daphne J.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Daphne J. Holt , Dost \u00d6ng\u00fcr , Christopher I. Wright , Bradford C. Dickerson , and Scott L . Rauch . 2008 . Neuroanatomical Systems Relevant to Neuropsychiatric Disorders. In Massachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/b978-0--323-04743--2.50073--1 10.1016\/b978-0--323-04743--2.50073--1 Daphne J. Holt, Dost \u00d6ng\u00fcr, Christopher I. Wright, Bradford C. Dickerson, and Scott L. Rauch. 2008. Neuroanatomical Systems Relevant to Neuropsychiatric Disorders. In Massachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/b978-0--323-04743--2.50073--1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1178477.1178573"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"AAAI Workshop - Technical Report","volume":"04","author":"Hunicke Robin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Robin Hunicke and Vernell Chapman . 2004 . AI for dynamic difficulty adjustment in games . In AAAI Workshop - Technical Report , Vol. WS-04- 04 . Robin Hunicke and Vernell Chapman. 2004. AI for dynamic difficulty adjustment in games. In AAAI Workshop - Technical Report, Vol. WS-04-04."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Boas","author":"Huppert Theodore J.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Theodore J. Huppert , Solomon G. Diamond , Maria A. Franceschini , and David A . Boas . 2009 . HomER: A review of time-series analysis methods for near-infrared spectroscopy of the brain. Applied Optics 48, 10 (2009). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/AO.48.00D280 10.1364\/AO.48.00D280 Theodore J. Huppert, Solomon G. Diamond, Maria A. Franceschini, and David A. Boas. 2009. HomER: A review of time-series analysis methods for near-infrared spectroscopy of the brain. Applied Optics 48, 10 (2009). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/AO.48.00D280"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327590ijhc1702_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"The role of the medial prefrontal cortex in cognition, ageing and dementia. Brain Communications 3, 3 (7","author":"Jobson Dan D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dan D Jobson , Yoshiki Hase , Andrew N Clarkson , and Rajesh N Kalaria . 2021. The role of the medial prefrontal cortex in cognition, ageing and dementia. Brain Communications 3, 3 (7 2021 ). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/braincomms\/fcab125 10.1093\/braincomms Dan D Jobson, Yoshiki Hase, Andrew N Clarkson, and Rajesh N Kalaria. 2021. The role of the medial prefrontal cortex in cognition, ageing and dementia. Brain Communications 3, 3 (7 2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/braincomms\/fcab125"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Aaron Luebbe, and Amber Williams.","author":"Kalia Vrinda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vrinda Kalia , Karthik Vishwanath , Katherine Knauft , Bryan Von Der Vellen , Aaron Luebbe, and Amber Williams. 2018 . Acute stress attenuates cognitive flexibility in males only: An fNIRS examination. Frontiers in Psychology 9, OCT ( 2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02084 10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02084 Vrinda Kalia, Karthik Vishwanath, Katherine Knauft, Bryan Von Der Vellen, Aaron Luebbe, and Amber Williams. 2018. Acute stress attenuates cognitive flexibility in males only: An fNIRS examination. Frontiers in Psychology 9, OCT (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02084"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2011.02.004"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_1_38_1.1","unstructured":"Johannes Keller and Anne Landh\u00e4u\u00dfer. 2014. The flow model revisited. In Advances in Flow Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--1--4614--2359--1{_}3 10.1007\/978--1--4614--2359--1"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_1_38_1.2","unstructured":"Johannes Keller and Anne Landh\u00e4u\u00dfer. 2014. The flow model revisited. In Advances in Flow Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--1--4614--2359--1{_}3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858563"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2851581.2892485"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"Fight fire with rainbows: The effects of displayed violence, difficulty, and performance in digital games on affect, aggression, and physiological arousal. Computers in Human Behavior 54","author":"Kneer Julia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Julia Kneer , Malte Elson , and Florian Knapp . 2016. Fight fire with rainbows: The effects of displayed violence, difficulty, and performance in digital games on affect, aggression, and physiological arousal. Computers in Human Behavior 54 ( 2016 ). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2015.07.034 10.1016\/j.chb.2015.07.034 Julia Kneer, Malte Elson, and Florian Knapp. 2016. Fight fire with rainbows: The effects of displayed violence, difficulty, and performance in digital games on affect, aggression, and physiological arousal. Computers in Human Behavior 54 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2015.07.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0804-06.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"Fairclough","author":"Kreplin Ute","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ute Kreplin and Stephen H . Fairclough . 2015 . Effects of self-directed and other-directed introspection and emotional valence on activation of the rostral prefrontal cortex during aesthetic experience. Neuropsychologia 71 (5 2015), 38--45. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2015.03.013 10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2015.03.013 Ute Kreplin and Stephen H. Fairclough. 2015. Effects of self-directed and other-directed introspection and emotional valence on activation of the rostral prefrontal cortex during aesthetic experience. Neuropsychologia 71 (5 2015), 38--45. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2015.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201700308"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","volume-title":"Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. https:\/\/doi.org\/10","author":"Lomas Derek","unstructured":"Derek Lomas , Kishan Patel , Jodi L. Forlizzi , and Kenneth R. Koedinger . 2013. Optimizing challenge in an educational game using large-scale design experiments . In Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. https:\/\/doi.org\/10 .1145\/2470654.2470668 10.1145\/2470654.2470668 Derek Lomas, Kishan Patel, Jodi L. Forlizzi, and Kenneth R. Koedinger. 2013. Optimizing challenge in an educational game using large-scale design experiments. In Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2470654.2470668"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/410785"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","volume-title":"Sustained decrease in oxygenated hemoglobin during video games in the dorsal prefrontal cortex: A NIRS study of children. NeuroImage 29, 3","author":"Matsuda Goh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Goh Matsuda and Kazuo Hiraki . 2006. Sustained decrease in oxygenated hemoglobin during video games in the dorsal prefrontal cortex: A NIRS study of children. NeuroImage 29, 3 ( 2006 ). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.08.019 10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.08.019 Goh Matsuda and Kazuo Hiraki. 2006. Sustained decrease in oxygenated hemoglobin during video games in the dorsal prefrontal cortex: A NIRS study of children. NeuroImage 29, 3 (2006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2020.102580"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.24.1.167"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","volume-title":"Correlation between videogame mechanics and executive functions through EEG analysis. Journal of Biomedical Informatics 63 (10","author":"Mond\u00e9jar Tania","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tania Mond\u00e9jar , Ram\u00f3n Herv\u00e1s , Esperanza Johnson , Carlos Gutierrez , and Jos\u00e9 Miguel Latorre . 2016. Correlation between videogame mechanics and executive functions through EEG analysis. Journal of Biomedical Informatics 63 (10 2016 ), 131--140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbi.2016.08.006 10.1016\/j.jbi.2016.08.006 Tania Mond\u00e9jar, Ram\u00f3n Herv\u00e1s, Esperanza Johnson, Carlos Gutierrez, and Jos\u00e9 Miguel Latorre. 2016. Correlation between videogame mechanics and executive functions through EEG analysis. Journal of Biomedical Informatics 63 (10 2016), 131--140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbi.2016.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","volume-title":"International Journal of Computer Science in Sport 9","author":"Nacke Lennhart","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lennhart Nacke , Anders Drachen , and Stefan G\u00f6bel . 2010. Methods for Evaluating Gameplay Experience in a Serious Gaming Context . International Journal of Computer Science in Sport 9 ( 2010 ). Lennhart Nacke, Anders Drachen, and Stefan G\u00f6bel. 2010. Methods for Evaluating Gameplay Experience in a Serious Gaming Context. International Journal of Computer Science in Sport 9 (2010)."},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_1_52_1.1","unstructured":"Lennart E. Nacke. 2013. An Introduction to Physiological Player Metrics for Evaluating Games. In Game Analytics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--1--4471--4769--5{_}26 10.1007\/978--1--4471--4769--5"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_1_52_1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lennart E. Nacke. 2013. An Introduction to Physiological Player Metrics for Evaluating Games. In Game Analytics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--1--4471--4769--5{_}26","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-4769-5_26"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","unstructured":"NeuroSky. 2022. NeuroSky Store.  NeuroSky. 2022. NeuroSky Store."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3026047"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_1_55_1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paola Pinti Felix Scholkmann Antonia Hamilton Paul Burgess and Ilias Tachtsidis. 2019. Current Status and Issues Regarding Pre-processing of fNIRS Neuroimaging Data: An Investigation of Diverse Signal Filtering Methods Within a General Linear Model Framework. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 12 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00505 10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00505","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00505"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_1_55_1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paola Pinti Felix Scholkmann Antonia Hamilton Paul Burgess and Ilias Tachtsidis. 2019. Current Status and Issues Regarding Pre-processing of fNIRS Neuroimaging Data: An Investigation of Diverse Signal Filtering Methods Within a General Linear Model Framework. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 12 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00505","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00505"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_1_56_1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. A. Pizzagalli R. J. Sherwood J. B. Henriques and R. J. Davidson. 2005. Frontal Brain Asymmetry and Reward Responsiveness: A Source-Localization Study. Psychological Science 16 10 (10 2005) 805--813. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467--9280.2005.01618.x 10.1111\/j.1467--9280.2005.01618.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2005.01618.x"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_1_56_1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. A. Pizzagalli R. J. Sherwood J. B. Henriques and R. J. Davidson. 2005. Frontal Brain Asymmetry and Reward Responsiveness: A Source-Localization Study. Psychological Science 16 10 (10 2005) 805--813. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467--9280.2005.01618.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2005.01618.x"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_1_57_1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. M. Plichta M. J. Herrmann C. G. Baehne A. C. Ehlis M. M. Richter P. Pauli and A. J. Fallgatter. 2006. Event-related functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS): Are the measurements reliable? NeuroImage 31 1 (2006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.12.008 10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.12.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.12.008"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_1_57_1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. M. Plichta M. J. Herrmann C. G. Baehne A. C. Ehlis M. M. Richter P. Pauli and A. J. Fallgatter. 2006. Event-related functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS): Are the measurements reliable? NeuroImage 31 1 (2006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.12.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019440"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","unstructured":"Amna Rehman and Yasir Al Khalili. 2019. Neuroanatomy Occipital Lobe.  Amna Rehman and Yasir Al Khalili. 2019. Neuroanatomy Occipital Lobe."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","volume-title":"Brain-to-brain synchrony in parent-child dyads and the relationship with emotion regulation revealed by fNIRS-based hyperscanning. NeuroImage 178","author":"Reindl Vanessa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vanessa Reindl , Christian Gerloff , Wolfgang Scharke , and Kerstin Konrad . 2018. Brain-to-brain synchrony in parent-child dyads and the relationship with emotion regulation revealed by fNIRS-based hyperscanning. NeuroImage 178 ( 2018 ). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.05.060 10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.05.060 Vanessa Reindl, Christian Gerloff, Wolfgang Scharke, and Kerstin Konrad. 2018. Brain-to-brain synchrony in parent-child dyads and the relationship with emotion regulation revealed by fNIRS-based hyperscanning. NeuroImage 178 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.05.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","volume-title":"CHI PLAY 2020 - Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play. https:\/\/doi.org\/10","author":"Robinson Raquel","unstructured":"Raquel Robinson , Katelyn Wiley , Amir Rezaeivahdati , Madison Klarkowski , and Regan L. Mandryk . 2020. \"let's Get Physiological, Physiological!\": A Systematic Review of Affective Gaming . In CHI PLAY 2020 - Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play. https:\/\/doi.org\/10 .1145\/3410404.3414227 10.1145\/3410404.3414227 Raquel Robinson, Katelyn Wiley, Amir Rezaeivahdati, Madison Klarkowski, and Regan L. Mandryk. 2020. \"let's Get Physiological, Physiological!\": A Systematic Review of Affective Gaming. In CHI PLAY 2020 - Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3410404.3414227"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","volume-title":"The motivational pull of video games: A self-determination theory approach. Motivation and Emotion 30, 4","author":"Ryan Richard M.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Richard M. Ryan , C. Scott Rigby , and Andrew Przybylski . 2006. The motivational pull of video games: A self-determination theory approach. Motivation and Emotion 30, 4 ( 2006 ). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11031-006--9051--8 10.1007\/s11031-006--9051--8 Richard M. Ryan, C. Scott Rigby, and Andrew Przybylski. 2006. The motivational pull of video games: A self-determination theory approach. Motivation and Emotion 30, 4 (2006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11031-006--9051--8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","volume-title":"EEG signal processing","author":"Sanei S.","unstructured":"S. Sanei and J.A Chambers . 2008. EEG signal processing . John Wiley & Sons Ltd ., Hoboken. S. Sanei and J.A Chambers. 2008. EEG signal processing. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Hoboken."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","volume-title":"Gawryluk","author":"Scarapicchia Vanessa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vanessa Scarapicchia , Cassandra Brown , Chantel Mayo , and Jodie R . Gawryluk . 2017 . Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: Insights from Combined Recording Studies. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 11 (8 2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2017.00419 10.3389\/fnhum.2017.00419 Vanessa Scarapicchia, Cassandra Brown, Chantel Mayo, and Jodie R. Gawryluk. 2017. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: Insights from Combined Recording Studies. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 11 (8 2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2017.00419"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019491"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","volume-title":"Entertainment Computing","author":"Stein Adi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Adi Stein , Yair Yotam , Rami Puzis , Guy Shani , and Meirav Taieb-Maimon . 2018 . EEG-triggered dynamic difficulty adjustment for multiplayer games . Entertainment Computing 25, October 2016 (2018), 14--25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.entcom.2017.11.003 10.1016\/j.entcom.2017.11.003 Adi Stein, Yair Yotam, Rami Puzis, Guy Shani, and Meirav Taieb-Maimon. 2018. EEG-triggered dynamic difficulty adjustment for multiplayer games. Entertainment Computing 25, October 2016 (2018), 14--25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.entcom.2017.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195113594.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.08.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)","volume-title":"Changes in brain blood flow by the use of 2D\/3D games","author":"Takada Masumi","unstructured":"Masumi Takada , Yuki Mori , Fumiya Kinoshita , and Hiroki Takada . 2016. Changes in brain blood flow by the use of 2D\/3D games . In Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) , Vol. 9739 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--3--319--40238--3{_}49 10.1007\/978--3--319--40238--3 Masumi Takada, Yuki Mori, Fumiya Kinoshita, and Hiroki Takada. 2016. Changes in brain blood flow by the use of 2D\/3D games. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Vol. 9739. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--3--319--40238--3{_}49"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","volume-title":"Age-related prefrontal cortex activation in associative memory: An fNIRS pilot study. NeuroImage 222 (11","author":"Talamonti Deborah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Deborah Talamonti , Catharine A. Montgomery , Dan P.A. Clark , and Davide Bruno . 2020. Age-related prefrontal cortex activation in associative memory: An fNIRS pilot study. NeuroImage 222 (11 2020 ), 117223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117223 10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117223 Deborah Talamonti, Catharine A. Montgomery, Dan P.A. Clark, and Davide Bruno. 2020. Age-related prefrontal cortex activation in associative memory: An fNIRS pilot study. NeuroImage 222 (11 2020), 117223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117223"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_1_71_1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. van der Zee M. Cope S. R. Arridge M. Essenpreis L. A. Potter A. D. Edwards J. S. Wyatt D. C. McCormick S. C. Roth E. O. R. Reynolds and D. T. Delpy. 1992. Experimentally Measured Optical Pathlengths for the Adult Head Calf and Forearm and the Head of the Newborn Infant as a Function of Inter Optode Spacing. 143--153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--1--4615--3404--4{_}17 10.1007\/978--1--4615--3404--4","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-3404-4_17"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_1_71_1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. van der Zee M. Cope S. R. Arridge M. Essenpreis L. A. Potter A. D. Edwards J. S. Wyatt D. C. McCormick S. C. Roth E. O. R. Reynolds and D. T. Delpy. 1992. Experimentally Measured Optical Pathlengths for the Adult Head Calf and Forearm and the Head of the Newborn Infant as a Function of Inter Optode Spacing. 143--153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--1--4615--3404--4{_}17","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-3404-4_17"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_1_72_1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anthony D Wagner E.Juliana Par\u00e9-Blagoev Jill Clark and Russell A Poldrack. 2001. Recovering Meaning. Neuron 31 2 (8 2001) 329--338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0896--6273(01)00359--2 10.1016\/S0896--6273(01)00359--2","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00359-2"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_1_72_1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anthony D Wagner E.Juliana Par\u00e9-Blagoev Jill Clark and Russell A Poldrack. 2001. Recovering Meaning. Neuron 31 2 (8 2001) 329--338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0896--6273(01)00359--2","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00359-2"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_1_73_1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teresa Wilcox and Marisa Biondi. 2015. fNIRS in the developmental sciences. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wcs.1343 10.1002\/wcs.1343","DOI":"10.1002\/wcs.1343"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_1_73_1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teresa Wilcox and Marisa Biondi. 2015. fNIRS in the developmental sciences. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wcs.1343","DOI":"10.1002\/wcs.1343"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_1_74_1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"World Medical Association. 2013. World Medical Association declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2013.281053 10.1001\/jama.2013.281053","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_1_74_1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"World Medical Association. 2013. World Medical Association declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2013.281053","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Research on user experience of the video game difficulty based on flow theory and fNIRS","volume":"0","author":"Yu Dong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dong Yu , Shurui Wang , Fanghao Song , Yan Liu , Shiyi Zhang , Yirui Wang , Xiaojiao Xie , and Zihan Zhang . 2022 . Research on user experience of the video game difficulty based on flow theory and fNIRS . Behaviour and Information Technology 0 , 0 (2022), 1 -- 17 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0144929X.2022.2043442 10.1080\/0144929X.2022.2043442 Dong Yu, Shurui Wang, Fanghao Song, Yan Liu, Shiyi Zhang, Yirui Wang, Xiaojiao Xie, and Zihan Zhang. 2022. Research on user experience of the video game difficulty based on flow theory and fNIRS. Behaviour and Information Technology 0, 0 (2022), 1--17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0144929X.2022.2043442","journal-title":"Behaviour and Information Technology"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3549519","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3549519","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T19:00:11Z","timestamp":1750186811000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3549519"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"CHI PLAY","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3549519"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3549519","relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-0142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-0142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-10-31","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}