{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T15:37:50Z","timestamp":1776094670007,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. Hum.-Robot Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Favorable assessments of social robots are addressed in several research and development attempts because positive attitudes and intentions towards technology are regarded as a necessary prerequisite for usage. To predict a favorable evaluation, it is inevitable to understand the appraisal process and determine crucial variables that affect the evaluative and behavioral consequences of HRI. Robotic morphology has been identified as one of these variables. In the present work, we expand previous work by demonstrating that capability attributions associated with robots\u2019 morphological features explain variations in evaluations. Based on two large picture-based online studies (Study 1,\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 673; Study 2,\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 586) we show that robots with similar morphological features (e.g., robots with arms and grippers) can be clustered along their assigned capabilities, and that these capabilities (e.g., to manipulate objects) explain evaluations of the robots in terms of acceptance and social attributes (i.e., warmth, competence, and discomfort). We discuss whether these initial assessments are relevant to live interactions and how our results can inform robot design.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3549532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T11:41:10Z","timestamp":1672659670000},"page":"1-31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Not All Robots are Evaluated Equally: The Impact of Morphological Features on Robots\u2019 Assessment through Capability Attributions"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1258-4192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Kunold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4668-9523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolai","family":"Bock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2497-143X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Astrid","family":"Rosenthal-von der P\u00fctten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3371382.3378348"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-009-0013-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tmb0000018"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2909824.3020208"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2016.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-0417(02)00050-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/778712.778756"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5898\/JHRI.2.2.Fasola"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721417738825"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2006.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8890(02)00372-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI Fall Symposium: Dialog with Robots","author":"Hasegawa Dai","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dai Hasegawa, Justine Cassell, and Kenji Araki. 2010. The role of embodiment and perspective in direction-giving systems. In Proceedings of the AAAI Fall Symposium: Dialog with Robots."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3171221.3171242"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2013.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-014-0277-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/soco.2008.26.2.169"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2008.4600646"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2015.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-010-0071-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3322276.3322340"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","article-title":"Robots are not all the same: Young adults\u2019 expectations, attitudes, and mental attribution to two humanoid social robots","author":"Manzi Federico","year":"2020","unstructured":"Federico Manzi, Davide Massaro, Daniele Di Lernia, Mario A. Maggioni, Giuseppe Riva, and Antonella Marchetti. 2020. Robots are not all the same: Young adults\u2019 expectations, attitudes, and mental attribution to two humanoid social robots. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 24, 5 (2020), 307\u2013314.","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2909824.3020216"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2014.08.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/is.7.3.14nom"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HRI.2019.8673171"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1734454.1734472"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","first-page":"105","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction","author":"Phillips Elizabeth","year":"2018","unstructured":"Elizabeth Phillips, Xuan Zhao, Daniel Ullman, and Bertram F. Malle. 2018. What is human-like?: Decomposing robots\u2019 human-like appearance using the anthropomorphic roBOT (ABOT) database. In Proceedings of the ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction. ACM, 105\u2013113."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","first-page":"96","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Social Robotics","author":"P\u00fctten Astrid Rosenthal-von der","year":"2020","unstructured":"Astrid Rosenthal-von der P\u00fctten, Carolin Stra\u00dfmann, and Nicole Kr\u00e4mer. 2020. Language learning with artificial entities: Effects of an artificial Tutor\u2019s embodiment and behavior on users\u2019 alignment and evaluation. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Social Robotics. Springer, 96\u2013107."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2014.03.066"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1541931215591327"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RO-MAN47096.2020.9223478"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2017.8172476"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2004.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3029798.3038336"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3125739.3132583"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00428"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/roman.2007.4415207"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_2","first-page":"234","article-title":"Hierarchical groupings to optimize an objective function","volume":"58","author":"Ward J. H.","year":"1963","unstructured":"J. H. Ward. 1963. Hierarchical groupings to optimize an objective function. Journal of the American Statistical Association 58, 301 (1963), 234\u2013244.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3549532","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3549532","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T19:00:11Z","timestamp":1750186811000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3549532"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3549532"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3549532","relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-9522","2573-9522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-9522","type":"print"},{"value":"2573-9522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-07-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-04-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}