{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T09:26:54Z","timestamp":1758274014544,"version":"3.41.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","edition-number":"1","reference-count":77,"publisher":"ACM","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9781450398275"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3549993.3550010","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T14:36:18Z","timestamp":1661524578000},"page":"431-514","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Privacy and Authentication: An Introduction to Cryptography"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"suffix":"(Member, I","given":"Whitfield","family":"Diffie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"(Senior Me","given":"Martin E.","family":"Hellman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_2","first-page":"123","volume-title":"Chicago Tribune","author":"Squires J.","year":"1975","unstructured":"J. Squires , \u201c Russ monitor of U.S. phones ,\u201d Chicago Tribune pp. 123 , June 25, 1975 . J. Squires, \u201cRuss monitor of U.S. phones,\u201d Chicago Tribune pp. 123, June 25, 1975."},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_2","first-page":"17","article-title":"Remedies sought to defeat Soviet eavesdropping on microwave links","volume":"8","author":"Davis R.","year":"1978","unstructured":"R. Davis , \u201c Remedies sought to defeat Soviet eavesdropping on microwave links ,\u201d Microwave Syst. , vol. 8 , no. 6 , pp. 17 \u2013 20 , June 1978 . R. Davis, \u201cRemedies sought to defeat Soviet eavesdropping on microwave links,\u201d Microwave Syst., vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 17\u201320, June 1978.","journal-title":"Microwave Syst."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_2","volume-title":"Report No. 94-755, Book 3","author":"Staff Supplementary Detailed","year":"1976","unstructured":"Supplementary Detailed Staff Reports on Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans , Final Report of the United States Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities , Report No. 94-755, Book 3 ( Washington, DC : U.S. Government Printing Office) , 1976 . Supplementary Detailed Staff Reports on Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans, Final Report of the United States Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, Report No. 94-755, Book 3 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office), 1976."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-01562-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_2","volume-title":"Speech Recognition","author":"Reddy D. Raj","year":"1975","unstructured":"D. Raj Reddy , Speech Recognition . New York : Academic Press , 1975 . D. Raj Reddy, Speech Recognition. New York: Academic Press, 1975."},{"volume-title":"Nov.","year":"1978","key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_2","unstructured":"Proc. IEEE , Special Issue on Packet Communication Networks , Nov. 1978 . Proc. IEEE, Special Issue on Packet Communication Networks, Nov. 1978."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_2","volume-title":"Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) Publication no.","author":"Standard Data Encryption","year":"1977","unstructured":"Data Encryption Standard . National Bureau of Standards , Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) Publication no. 46, Jan. 1977 . Data Encryption Standard. National Bureau of Standards, Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) Publication no. 46, Jan. 1977."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/C-M.1977.217750"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_2","volume-title":"Proc. COMPCON","author":"Tuchman W. L.","year":"1978","unstructured":"W. L. Tuchman , \u201c Efficacy of DES in data procesing ,\u201d in Proc. COMPCON , Sept. 1978 . W. L. Tuchman, \u201cEfficacy of DES in data procesing,\u201d in Proc. COMPCON, Sept. 1978."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1949.tb00928.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_2","first-page":"844","article-title":"Cryptology","volume":"6","author":"Friedman W. F.","year":"1967","unstructured":"W. F. Friedman , \u201c Cryptology ,\u201d Encyclopedia Britanica , vol. 6 , pp. 844 \u2013 851 , 1967 . W. F. Friedman, \u201cCryptology,\u201d Encyclopedia Britanica, vol. 6, pp. 844\u2013851, 1967.","journal-title":"Encyclopedia Britanica"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_2","first-page":"23","article-title":"An extension of the Shannon theory approach to cryptography","author":"Hellman M. E.","year":"1977","unstructured":"M. E. Hellman , \u201c An extension of the Shannon theory approach to cryptography ,\u201d IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory , vol. I T- 23 , pp. 289\u2013294, May 1977 . M. E. Hellman, \u201cAn extension of the Shannon theory approach to cryptography,\u201d IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. IT-23, pp. 289\u2013294, May 1977.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1951.tb01366.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_2","first-page":"24","article-title":"A convergent gambling estimate of the entropy of English","author":"Cover T. M.","year":"1978","unstructured":"T. M. Cover and R. C. King , \u201c A convergent gambling estimate of the entropy of English ,\u201d IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory , vol. I T- 24 , pp. 413\u2013421, Aug. 1978 . T. M. Cover and R. C. King, \u201cA convergent gambling estimate of the entropy of English,\u201d IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. IT-24, pp. 413\u2013421, Aug. 1978.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_2","first-page":"22","article-title":"New directions in cryptography","author":"Diffie W.","year":"1976","unstructured":"W. Diffie and M. E. Hellman , \u201c New directions in cryptography ,\u201d IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory , vol. I T- 22 , pp. 644\u2013654, Nov. 1976 . W. Diffie and M. E. Hellman, \u201cNew directions in cryptography,\u201d IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. IT-22, pp. 644\u2013654, Nov. 1976.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/359460.359473"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/359340.359342"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_2","first-page":"24","article-title":"Hiding information and signatures in trap door knapsacks","author":"Merkle R. C.","year":"1978","unstructured":"R. C. Merkle and M. E. Hellman , \u201c Hiding information and signatures in trap door knapsacks ,\u201d IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory , vol. I T- 24 , pp. 525\u2013530, Sept. 1978 . R. C. Merkle and M. E. Hellman, \u201cHiding information and signatures in trap door knapsacks,\u201d IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. IT-24, pp. 525\u2013530, Sept. 1978.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory"},{"volume-title":"A Mathematical Approach","author":"Sinkov A.","key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_2","unstructured":"A. Sinkov , Elementary Cryptanalysis , A Mathematical Approach . New York : Random House , New Mathematical Library, no. 22, 1968. A. Sinkov, Elementary Cryptanalysis, A Mathematical Approach. New York: Random House, New Mathematical Library, no. 22, 1968."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_2","volume-title":"A Study of Ciphers and their Solution","author":"Gaines H. F.","year":"1956","unstructured":"H. F. Gaines , Cryptanalysis , A Study of Ciphers and their Solution . New York : Dover Publications , 1956 . H. F. Gaines, Cryptanalysis, A Study of Ciphers and their Solution. New York: Dover Publications, 1956."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_2","volume-title":"Military Cryptanalytis","author":"Friedman W. F.","year":"1944","unstructured":"W. F. Friedman , Military Cryptanalytis . Washington DC : U.S. Government Printing Office , 1944 . W. F. Friedman, Military Cryptanalytis. Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1944."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_2","volume-title":"The Story of Secret Writing.","author":"Kahn D.","year":"1967","unstructured":"D. Kahn , The Codebreakers , The Story of Secret Writing. New York : Macmillan , 1967 . D. Kahn, The Codebreakers, The Story of Secret Writing. New York: Macmillan, 1967."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_2","article-title":"A study of the Vigenere-Vernam single and multiple loop enciphering systems","volume":"2879","author":"Tuckerman","year":"1970","unstructured":"Tuckerman , \u201c A study of the Vigenere-Vernam single and multiple loop enciphering systems ,\u201d IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, RC 2879 , May 14, 1970 . Tuckerman, \u201cA study of the Vigenere-Vernam single and multiple loop enciphering systems,\u201d IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, RC 2879, May 14, 1970.","journal-title":"IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, RC"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_2","volume-title":"Methods for the Solution of Running-Key Ciphers","author":"Friedman W. F.","year":"1918","unstructured":"W. F. Friedman , Methods for the Solution of Running-Key Ciphers . Geneva, IL : Riverbank Laboratories, Department of Ciphers Publication no. 16, 1918 . W. F. Friedman, Methods for the Solution of Running-Key Ciphers. Geneva, IL: Riverbank Laboratories, Department of Ciphers Publication no. 16, 1918."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_2","unstructured":"R. Morris \u201cThe Hagelin cipher machine (M-209) reconstruction of the internal settings \u201d Cryptologia to appear.  R. Morris \u201cThe Hagelin cipher machine (M-209) reconstruction of the internal settings \u201d Cryptologia to appear."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_2","unstructured":"J. Reeds D. Ritchie and R. Morris \u201cThe Hagelin cipher machine (M-209) cryptanalysis from ciphertext alone \u201d Cryptologia to appear.  J. Reeds D. Ritchie and R. Morris \u201cThe Hagelin cipher machine (M-209) cryptanalysis from ciphertext alone \u201d Cryptologia to appear."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_2","volume-title":"Cryptanalysis of the Hagelin Cryptograph","author":"Barker W. G.","year":"1977","unstructured":"W. G. Barker , Cryptanalysis of the Hagelin Cryptograph . Laguna Hills, CA : Aegean Park Press 1977 . W. G. Barker, Cryptanalysis of the Hagelin Cryptograph. Laguna Hills, CA: Aegean Park Press 1977."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_2","volume-title":"Shift Register Sequences","author":"Golomb S. W.","year":"1967","unstructured":"S. W. Golomb , Shift Register Sequences . San Francisco, CA : Holden-Day , 1967 . S. W. Golomb, Shift Register Sequences. San Francisco, CA: Holden-Day, 1967."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_2","volume-title":"Error Correcting Codes","author":"Peterson W. W.","year":"1972","unstructured":"W. W. Peterson and E. J. Weldon , Error Correcting Codes , Second Edition, Cambridge, MA : M.I.T. Press , 1972 . W. W. Peterson and E. J. Weldon, Error Correcting Codes, Second Edition, Cambridge, MA: M.I.T. Press, 1972."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1090\/S0025-5718-1965-0184406-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_2","first-page":"368","article-title":"Primitive polynomials (mod 2)","volume":"16","author":"Watson E. J.","year":"1962","unstructured":"E. J. Watson , \u201c Primitive polynomials (mod 2) ,\u201d Math. Computation , vol. 16 , pp. 368 \u2013 369 , 1962 . E. J. Watson, \u201cPrimitive polynomials (mod 2),\u201d Math. Computation, vol. 16, pp. 368\u2013369, 1962.","journal-title":"Math. Computation"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_2","first-page":"17","article-title":"Generation of binary sequences with controllable complexity","author":"Groth E. J.","year":"1971","unstructured":"E. J. Groth , \u201c Generation of binary sequences with controllable complexity ,\u201d IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory , vol. I T- 17 , pp. 288\u2013296, May 1971 . E. J. Groth, \u201cGeneration of binary sequences with controllable complexity,\u201d IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. IT-17, pp. 288\u2013296, May 1971.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_2","first-page":"22","article-title":"An analysis of the structure and complexity of non-linear binary sequence generators","author":"Key E. L.","year":"1976","unstructured":"E. L. Key , \u201c An analysis of the structure and complexity of non-linear binary sequence generators ,\u201d IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory , vol. I T- 22 , pp. 732\u2013736, Nov. 1976 . E. L. Key, \u201cAn analysis of the structure and complexity of non-linear binary sequence generators,\u201d IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. IT-22, pp. 732\u2013736, Nov. 1976.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_2","volume-title":"A Handbook of Integer Sequences","author":"Sloane N. J. A.","year":"1973","unstructured":"N. J. A. Sloane , A Handbook of Integer Sequences . New York : Academic Press , 1973 . N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences. New York: Academic Press, 1973."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_2","first-page":"15","article-title":"Feedback shift register synthesis and BCH decoding","author":"Massey J. L.","year":"1969","unstructured":"J. L. Massey , \u201c Feedback shift register synthesis and BCH decoding ,\u201d IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory , vol. I T- 15 , pp. 122\u2013127, Jan. 1969 . J. L. Massey, \u201cFeedback shift register synthesis and BCH decoding,\u201d IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. IT-15, pp. 122\u2013127, Jan. 1969.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_2","volume-title":"Algebraic Coding Theory","author":"Berlekamp E. R.","year":"1968","unstructured":"E. R. Berlekamp , Algebraic Coding Theory . New York : McGraw-Hill , 1968 . E. R. Berlekamp, Algebraic Coding Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1968."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00029890.1929.11986963"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_2","volume-title":"Cryptographic coding for data-bank privacy","author":"Feistel H.","year":"1970","unstructured":"H. Feistel , \u201c Cryptographic coding for data-bank privacy ,\u201d IBM T. J. Watson Research Center , Yorktown Heights, NY , RC-2827, Mar. 18, 1970 . H. Feistel, \u201cCryptographic coding for data-bank privacy,\u201d IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, RC-2827, Mar. 18, 1970."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0573-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1975.10005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_2","article-title":"The design of Lucifer, a cryptographic device for data communications","volume":"3326","author":"Smith J. L.","year":"1971","unstructured":"J. L. Smith , \u201c The design of Lucifer, a cryptographic device for data communications ,\u201d IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, RC 3326 , Apr. 15, 1971 . J. L. Smith, \u201cThe design of Lucifer, a cryptographic device for data communications,\u201d IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, RC 3326, Apr. 15, 1971.","journal-title":"IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, RC"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/800193.569930"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_2","volume-title":"Electrical Engineering Dep., Stanford Univ. SEL 76-042 (available from NTIS)","author":"Hellman M. E.","year":"1976","unstructured":"M. E. Hellman , R. Merkle , R. Schroeppel , L. Washington , W. Diffie , S. Pohlig , and P. Schweitzer , \u201c Results of an initial attempt to cryptanalyze the NBS data encryption standard ,\u201d Electrical Engineering Dep., Stanford Univ. SEL 76-042 (available from NTIS) , Sept. 9, 1976 . M. E. Hellman, R. Merkle, R. Schroeppel, L. Washington, W. Diffie, S. Pohlig, and P. Schweitzer, \u201cResults of an initial attempt to cryptanalyze the NBS data encryption standard,\u201d Electrical Engineering Dep., Stanford Univ. SEL 76-042 (available from NTIS), Sept. 9, 1976."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_2","first-page":"21","article-title":"Report of the workshop on cryptography in support of computer security","volume":"77","author":"Branstad D. K.","year":"1976","unstructured":"D. K. Branstad , J. Gait , and S. Katzke , \u201c Report of the workshop on cryptography in support of computer security ,\u201d National Bureau of Standards Rep. NBSIR 77-1291 , 21 \u2013 22 Sept. 1976 . D. K. Branstad, J. Gait, and S. Katzke, \u201cReport of the workshop on cryptography in support of computer security,\u201d National Bureau of Standards Rep. NBSIR 77-1291, 21\u201322 Sept. 1976.","journal-title":"National Bureau of Standards Rep. NBSIR"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_2","first-page":"164","article-title":"Encryption algorithm: Key size is the thing","volume":"22","author":"Yasaki E. K.","year":"1976","unstructured":"E. K. Yasaki , \u201c Encryption algorithm: Key size is the thing ,\u201d Datamation , vol. 22 , no. 3 , pp. 164 , 166, Mar. 1976 . E. K. Yasaki, \u201cEncryption algorithm: Key size is the thing,\u201d Datamation, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 164, 166, Mar. 1976.","journal-title":"Datamation"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_2","first-page":"27","volume-title":"New York Times","author":"Kahn D.","year":"1976","unstructured":"D. Kahn , \u201c Tapping computers ,\u201d New York Times , p. 27 , Apr. 3, 1976 . D. Kahn, \u201cTapping computers,\u201d New York Times, p. 27, Apr. 3, 1976."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_2","first-page":"440","volume-title":"Computer encryption and the National Security Agency connection science","author":"Kolata G. B.","year":"1977","unstructured":"G. B. Kolata , \u201c Computer encryption and the National Security Agency connection science ,\u201d vol. 197, pp. 438\u2013 440 , July 29, 1977 . G. B. Kolata, \u201cComputer encryption and the National Security Agency connection science,\u201d vol. 197, pp. 438\u2013440, July 29, 1977."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_2","volume-title":"Senate Committee on Intelligence","author":"Unclassified","year":"1978","unstructured":"Unclassified summary : Involvement of NSA in the Development of the Data Encryption Standard , Senate Committee on Intelligence , 1978 . Unclassified summary: Involvement of NSA in the Development of the Data Encryption Standard, Senate Committee on Intelligence, 1978."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_2","first-page":"7","article-title":"The role of technology in microcomputer design and evolution","author":"Faggin F.","year":"1975","unstructured":"F. Faggin , \u201c The role of technology in microcomputer design and evolution ,\u201d IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. , vol. C AS- 7 , pp. 4\u201313, Feb. 1975 . F. Faggin, \u201cThe role of technology in microcomputer design and evolution,\u201d IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst., vol. CAS-7, pp. 4\u201313, Feb. 1975.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_2","volume-title":"EDN","author":"Faggin F.","year":"1975","unstructured":"F. Faggin , \u201c Microprocessor technology: Yesterday, today and tomorrow ,\u201d EDN , Nov. 20, 1975 . ____, \u201cMicroprocessor technology: Yesterday, today and tomorrow,\u201d EDN, Nov. 20, 1975."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_2","first-page":"82","volume-title":"Electronics","year":"1978","unstructured":"\u201c Pentagon to fund major IC program ,\u201d Electronics , pp. 81\u2013 82 , Sept. 14, 1978 . \u201cPentagon to fund major IC program,\u201d Electronics, pp. 81\u201382, Sept. 14, 1978."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_2","first-page":"90","volume-title":"Electronics","year":"1978","unstructured":"\u201c VHSI proposal finds willing audience ,\u201d Electronics , pp. 89\u2013 90 , Sept. 28, 1978 . \u201cVHSI proposal finds willing audience,\u201d Electronics, pp. 89\u201390, Sept. 28, 1978."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_56_2","volume-title":"Computer Conf.","author":"Tuchman W. L.","year":"1978","unstructured":"W. L. Tuchman , Talk presented at the Nat . Computer Conf. , Anaheim, CA , June 1978 . W. L. Tuchman, Talk presented at the Nat. Computer Conf., Anaheim, CA, June 1978."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_57_2","first-page":"339","volume-title":"Rec. Int. Conf. Communications Equipment and Systems (Brighton","author":"Brunner E. R.","year":"1976","unstructured":"E. R. Brunner , \u201c Efficient speech scrambling: An economic solution to the secure voice communication problem ,\u201d in Rec. Int. Conf. Communications Equipment and Systems (Brighton , Sussex, London, England) , pp. 336\u2013 339 , June 8\u201311, 1976 . E. R. Brunner, \u201cEfficient speech scrambling: An economic solution to the secure voice communication problem,\u201d in Rec. Int. Conf. Communications Equipment and Systems (Brighton, Sussex, London, England), pp. 336\u2013339, June 8\u201311, 1976."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_58_2","first-page":"761","article-title":"Secure voice communication\u2013Cryptophony","volume":"9","author":"Kirchhofer K. H.","year":"1976","unstructured":"K. H. Kirchhofer , \u201c Secure voice communication\u2013Cryptophony ,\u201d Int. Defense Rev. , vol. 9 . pp. 761 \u2013 767 , May 1976 . K. H. Kirchhofer, \u201cSecure voice communication\u2013Cryptophony,\u201d Int. Defense Rev., vol. 9. pp. 761\u2013767, May 1976.","journal-title":"Int. Defense Rev."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_59_2","volume-title":"Technical Communications Corp.","author":"McCalmont A. M.","year":"1973","unstructured":"A. M. McCalmont , \u201c Voice privacy (scrambling) for more effective communications: Techniques, systems, and operations ,\u201d Technical Communications Corp. , Jan. 1973 . A. M. McCalmont, \u201cVoice privacy (scrambling) for more effective communications: Techniques, systems, and operations,\u201d Technical Communications Corp., Jan. 1973."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1977.10806"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_61_2","first-page":"24","article-title":"An improved algorithm for computing logarithms in GF(p) and its cryptographic significance","author":"Pohlig S. C.","unstructured":"S. C. Pohlig and M. E. Hellman , \u201c An improved algorithm for computing logarithms in GF(p) and its cryptographic significance ,\u201d IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory , vol. I T- 24 . pp. 106\u2013111, Jan. 1978. S. C. Pohlig and M. E. Hellman, \u201cAn improved algorithm for computing logarithms in GF(p) and its cryptographic significance,\u201d IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. IT-24. pp. 106\u2013111, Jan. 1978.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_62_2","volume-title":"The Art of Computer Programmig","author":"Knuth D. E.","year":"1969","unstructured":"D. E. Knuth , The Art of Computer Programmig . Reading, MA : Addison-Wesley , 1969 . D. E. Knuth, The Art of Computer Programmig. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1969."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0161-117791833219"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0161-117891852785"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_65_2","volume-title":"MIT\/LCS\/TM-107","author":"Shamir A.","year":"1978","unstructured":"A. Shamir , \u201c A fast signature scheme ,\u201d MIT\/LCS\/TM-107 , July 1978 . A. Shamir, \u201cA fast signature scheme,\u201d MIT\/LCS\/TM-107, July 1978."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_66_2","volume-title":"Discrete Mathematical Structures","author":"Stone H. S.","year":"1973","unstructured":"H. S. Stone , Discrete Mathematical Structures . Chicago, IL : Science Research Assoc ., 1973 . H. S. Stone, Discrete Mathematical Structures. Chicago, IL: Science Research Assoc., 1973."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3056709"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/578869"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_69_2","volume-title":"Proc. 4th Data Communications Symp.","author":"Branstad D.","year":"1975","unstructured":"D. Branstad , \u201c Encryption protection in computer data communications ,\u201d in Proc. 4th Data Communications Symp. ( Quebec City, Canada), Oct. 7\u20139 , 1975 . D. Branstad, \u201cEncryption protection in computer data communications,\u201d in Proc. 4th Data Communications Symp. (Quebec City, Canada), Oct. 7\u20139, 1975."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1499799.1499815"},{"volume-title":"General Services Administration","year":"1977","key":"e_1_3_2_1_71_2","unstructured":"\u201c Telecommunications: Compatibility requirements for use of the data encryption standard,\u201d Proposed Federal Standard 1026 , General Services Administration , Oct. 13, 1977 . \u201cTelecommunications: Compatibility requirements for use of the data encryption standard,\u201d Proposed Federal Standard 1026, General Services Administration, Oct. 13, 1977."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_72_2","volume-title":"Error Correcting Codes","author":"Lin S.","year":"1970","unstructured":"S. Lin , Error Correcting Codes . Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice-Hall , 1970 . S. Lin, Error Correcting Codes. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1970."},{"volume-title":"General Services Administration","year":"1977","key":"e_1_3_2_1_73_2","unstructured":"\u2018Telecommunications : Security requirements for use of the data encryption standard,\u201d Proposed Federal Standard 1027 , General Services Administration , Aug. 25, 1977 . \u2018Telecommunications: Security requirements for use of the data encryption standard,\u201d Proposed Federal Standard 1027, General Services Administration, Aug. 25, 1977."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_74_2","volume-title":"Foundations of Secure Computation","author":"De Millo R. A.","year":"1978","unstructured":"R. A. De Millo , D. P. Dobkin , A. K. Jones , and R. J. Lipton , Eds. , Foundations of Secure Computation . New York : Academic Press , 1978 . R. A. De Millo, D. P. Dobkin, A. K. Jones, and R. J. Lipton, Eds., Foundations of Secure Computation. New York: Academic Press, 1978."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1975.9939"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_76_2","volume-title":"Modern Methods for Computer Security and Privacy","author":"Hoffman L. J.","year":"1977","unstructured":"L. J. Hoffman , Modern Methods for Computer Security and Privacy . Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice-Hall 1977 . L. J. Hoffman, Modern Methods for Computer Security and Privacy. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall 1977."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_77_2","volume-title":"M.I.T. Project MAC, MAC TR-122","author":"Scherf J. A.","year":"1974","unstructured":"J. A. Scherf , Computer and Data Security: A Comprehensive Annotated Bibliography , M.I.T. Project MAC, MAC TR-122 , Jan. 1974 . J. A. Scherf, Computer and Data Security: A Comprehensive Annotated Bibliography, M.I.T. Project MAC, MAC TR-122, Jan. 1974."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/361082.361089"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/361082.361087"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_80_2","volume-title":"Jan.","author":"Computer Network Security Design Alternatives","year":"1978","unstructured":"Design Alternatives for Computer Network Security . NBS Special Publ. 500-21, 2 vols ., Jan. 1978 . Design Alternatives for Computer Network Security. NBS Special Publ. 500-21, 2 vols., Jan. 1978."}],"container-title":["Democratizing Cryptography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3549993.3550010","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3549993.3550010","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T18:08:14Z","timestamp":1750183694000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3549993.3550010"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]},"ISBN":["9781450398275"],"references-count":77,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3549993.3550010","10.1145\/3549993"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3549993.3550010","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-08-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}