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ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The presented first-of-its-kind study effectively identifies and visualizes the second-by-second pattern differences in the physiological arousal of preschool-age children who do stutter (CWS) and who do not stutter (CWNS) while speaking perceptually fluently in two challenging conditions: speaking in stressful situations and narration. The first condition may affect children's speech due to high arousal; the latter introduces linguistic, cognitive, and communicative demands on speakers. We collected physiological parameters data from 70 children in the two target conditions. First, we adopt a novel modality-wise multiple-instance-learning (MI-MIL) approach to classify CWS vs. CWNS in different conditions effectively. The evaluation of this classifier addresses four critical research questions that align with state-of-the-art speech science studies' interests. Later, we leverage SHAP classifier interpretations to visualize the salient, fine-grain, and temporal physiological parameters unique to CWS at the population\/group-level and personalized-level. While group-level identification of distinct patterns would enhance our understanding of stuttering etiology and development, the personalized-level identification would enable remote, continuous, and real-time assessment of stuttering children's physiological arousal, which may lead to personalized, just-in-time interventions, resulting in an improvement in speech fluency. The presented MI-MIL approach is novel, generalizable to different domains, and real-time executable. Finally, comprehensive evaluations are done on multiple datasets, presented framework, and several baselines that identified notable insights on CWSs' physiological arousal during speech production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3550326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]],"date-time":"2022-09-07T14:54:27Z","timestamp":1662562467000},"page":"1-32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Psychophysiological Arousal in Young Children Who Stutter"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Harshit","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Syracuse University, Syracuse, USA"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Syracuse University, Syracuse, USA"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Tumanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Syracuse University, Syracuse, USA"}]},{"given":"Asif","family":"Salekin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Syracuse University, Syracuse, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"[n.d.]. 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