{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T18:38:03Z","timestamp":1771612683254,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":41,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"IRCC, IIT Bombay","award":["RD\/0516-IRCCSH0-026 (16IRCCSG009)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD\/0516-IRCCSH0-026 (16IRCCSG009)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3551661.3561365","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T03:36:44Z","timestamp":1666150604000},"page":"95-104","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Efficacy of Asynchronous GPS Spoofing Against High Volume Consumer GNSS Receivers"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"M Surendra","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaurav S.","family":"Kasbekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnab","family":"Maity","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Reviews on Design and Development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (Drone) for Different Applications","volume":"45","author":"Aabid Abdul","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abdul Aabid , Bisma Parveez , Nagma Parveen , Sher Afghan Khan , and Md Abdul . 2022 . Reviews on Design and Development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (Drone) for Different Applications . J. Mech. Eng. Res. Dev , Vol. 45 , 2 (2022), 53 -- 69 . Abdul Aabid, Bisma Parveez, Nagma Parveen, Sher Afghan Khan, and Md Abdul. 2022. Reviews on Design and Development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (Drone) for Different Applications. J. Mech. Eng. Res. Dev, Vol. 45, 2 (2022), 53--69.","journal-title":"J. Mech. Eng. Res. Dev"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2911526"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Sean Barbeau and Mike Lockwood. 2021. GPSTest android application. https:\/\/github.com\/barbeau\/gpstest  Sean Barbeau and Mike Lockwood. 2021. GPSTest android application. https:\/\/github.com\/barbeau\/gpstest"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2012.2190154"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"The Drone Age: How Drone Technology Will Change War and Peace","author":"Boyle M.J.","year":"2019","unstructured":"M.J. Boyle . 2020. The Drone Age: How Drone Technology Will Change War and Peace . Oxford University Press, Inc orporated, UK. 2019 047301 https:\/\/books.google.co.in\/books?id=6wbcDwAAQBAJ M.J. Boyle. 2020. The Drone Age: How Drone Technology Will Change War and Peace. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, UK. 2019047301 https:\/\/books.google.co.in\/books?id=6wbcDwAAQBAJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"cddis.nasa.gov. 2022. Broadcast Ephemeris DataFile. https:\/\/cddis.nasa.gov\/Data$_$and$_$Derived$_$Products\/GNSS\/broadcast $_$ephemeris $_$data.html  cddis.nasa.gov. 2022. Broadcast Ephemeris DataFile. https:\/\/cddis.nasa.gov\/Data$_$and$_$Derived$_$Products\/GNSS\/broadcast $_$ephemeris $_$data.html"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_3_2_1_7_1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vishal Dey Vikramkumar Pudi Anupam Chattopadhyay and Yuval Elovici. 2018. Security Vulnerabilities of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Countermeasures: An Experimental Study. In 2018 31st International Conference on VLSI Design and 2018 17th International Conference on Embedded Systems (VLSID). IEEE Pune India 398--403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/VLSID.2018.97 10.1109\/VLSID.2018.97","DOI":"10.1109\/VLSID.2018.97"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_3_2_1_7_1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vishal Dey Vikramkumar Pudi Anupam Chattopadhyay and Yuval Elovici. 2018. Security Vulnerabilities of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Countermeasures: An Experimental Study. In 2018 31st International Conference on VLSI Design and 2018 17th International Conference on Embedded Systems (VLSID). IEEE Pune India 398--403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/VLSID.2018.97","DOI":"10.1109\/VLSID.2018.97"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"Takuji Ebinuma. 2018. GPS-SDR-SIM. https:\/\/github.com\/osqzss\/gps-sdr-sim  Takuji Ebinuma. 2018. GPS-SDR-SIM. https:\/\/github.com\/osqzss\/gps-sdr-sim"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Technology Report","author":"EUSPA.","year":"2020","unstructured":"EUSPA. 2020. GNSS User Technology Report 2020 . https:\/\/www.euspa.europa.eu\/european-space\/euspace-market\/gnss-market\/gnss-user-technology-report EUSPA. 2020. GNSS User Technology Report 2020. https:\/\/www.euspa.europa.eu\/european-space\/euspace-market\/gnss-market\/gnss-user-technology-report"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"EUSPA EO and GNSS Market report","author":"EUSPA.","year":"2022","unstructured":"EUSPA. 2022. EUSPA EO and GNSS Market report 2022 . https:\/\/www.euspa.europa.eu\/2022-market-report EUSPA. 2022. EUSPA EO and GNSS Market report 2022. https:\/\/www.euspa.europa.eu\/2022-market-report"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) positioning in 3GPP LTE","volume":"1","author":"Fischer Sven","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sven Fischer . 2014 . Observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) positioning in 3GPP LTE . Qualcomm White Pap , Vol. 1 , 1 (2014), 1 -- 62 . Sven Fischer. 2014. Observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) positioning in 3GPP LTE. Qualcomm White Pap, Vol. 1, 1 (2014), 1--62.","journal-title":"Qualcomm White Pap"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICII.2019.00011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"2013 5th international conference on cyber conflict (CYCON","author":"Hartmann Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim Hartmann and Christoph Steup . 2013 . The vulnerability of UAVs to cyber attacks-An approach to the risk assessment . In 2013 5th international conference on cyber conflict (CYCON 2013). IEEE, IEEE, Tallinn, Estonia, 1--23. Kim Hartmann and Christoph Steup. 2013. The vulnerability of UAVs to cyber attacks-An approach to the risk assessment. In 2013 5th international conference on cyber conflict (CYCON 2013). IEEE, IEEE, Tallinn, Estonia, 1--23."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","first-page":"130","article-title":"MELISSA E. HATHAWAYa and JOHNN. STEWARTb aCouncil of Experts, Global Cyber Security Center (GCSEC)","volume":"35","author":"Hathaway ME","year":"2014","unstructured":"ME Hathaway . 2014 . MELISSA E. HATHAWAYa and JOHNN. STEWARTb aCouncil of Experts, Global Cyber Security Center (GCSEC) . Best Practices in Computer Network Defense: Incident Detection and Response , Vol. 35 (2014), 130 . ME Hathaway. 2014. MELISSA E. HATHAWAYa and JOHNN. STEWARTb aCouncil of Experts, Global Cyber Security Center (GCSEC). Best Practices in Computer Network Defense: Incident Detection and Response, Vol. 35 (2014), 130.","journal-title":"Best Practices in Computer Network Defense: Incident Detection and Response"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2018.1800065"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41445-018-0018-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Proc. DEFCON. DEFCON23","author":"Huang Ling","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ling Huang and Qing Yang . 2015 . Low-cost GPS simulator GPS spoofing by SDR . In Proc. DEFCON. DEFCON23 , Las Vegas, Nevada. Ling Huang and Qing Yang. 2015. Low-cost GPS simulator GPS spoofing by SDR. In Proc. DEFCON. DEFCON23, Las Vegas, Nevada."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"Todd E Humphreys Brent M Ledvina Mark L Psiaki Brady W O'Hanlon Paul M Kintner etal 2008. Assessing the spoofing threat: Development of a portable GPS civilian spoofer. In Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS 2008). Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS 2008) Savannah GA 2314--2325.  Todd E Humphreys Brent M Ledvina Mark L Psiaki Brady W O'Hanlon Paul M Kintner et al. 2008. Assessing the spoofing threat: Development of a portable GPS civilian spoofer. In Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS 2008). Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS 2008) Savannah GA 2314--2325."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"Divya Joshi. 2019. Drone technology uses and applications for commercial industrial and military drones in 2020 and the future. Business Insider Vol. Dec (2019).  Divya Joshi. 2019. Drone technology uses and applications for commercial industrial and military drones in 2020 and the future. Business Insider Vol. Dec (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Swarm Drones and Indian Academia","volume":"16","author":"Karunakaran A","year":"2022","unstructured":"A Karunakaran . 2022 . Swarm Drones and Indian Academia . Journal of Defence Studies , Vol. 16 , 1 (2022), 73 -- 81 . A Karunakaran. 2022. Swarm Drones and Indian Academia. Journal of Defence Studies, Vol. 16, 1 (2022), 73--81.","journal-title":"Journal of Defence Studies"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.507"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SSRR.2017.8088163"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mamidala Jagadesh Kumar. 2021. The sky is not the limit: The new rules give wings to the Drone Technology in India. 463--464 pages.  Mamidala Jagadesh Kumar. 2021. The sky is not the limit: The new rules give wings to the Drone Technology in India. 463--464 pages.","DOI":"10.1080\/02564602.2021.1983967"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"Labsat. 2021. SatGen GNSS Signal Simulation Software. https:\/\/www.labsat.co.uk\/index.php\/en\/products\/satgen-simulator-software  Labsat. 2021. SatGen GNSS Signal Simulation Software. https:\/\/www.labsat.co.uk\/index.php\/en\/products\/satgen-simulator-software"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Technology Report","author":"Lisi Marco","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marco Lisi . 2020. GNSS User Technology Report 2020 . GEOmedia , Vol . 24, 5 (2020). Marco Lisi. 2020. GNSS User Technology Report 2020. GEOmedia, Vol. 24, 5 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/22.989949"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"P. Misra and P. Enge. 2011. Global Positioning System: Signals Measurements and Performance. Ganga-Jamuna Press Lincoln MA. https:\/\/books.google.co.in\/books?id=5WJOywAACAAJ  P. Misra and P. Enge. 2011. Global Positioning System: Signals Measurements and Performance. Ganga-Jamuna Press Lincoln MA. https:\/\/books.google.co.in\/books?id=5WJOywAACAAJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3309735"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","unstructured":"Orolia. 2021. Skydel BroadSim GNSS Simulation Platform. https:\/\/www.orolia.com\/document\/broadsim-datasheet\/  Orolia. 2021. Skydel BroadSim GNSS Simulation Platform. https:\/\/www.orolia.com\/document\/broadsim-datasheet\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","unstructured":"Qualcomm.com. 2022. Snapdragon 636 specifications. https:\/\/www.qualcomm.com\/products\/application\/smartphones\/snapdragon-6-series-mobile-platforms\/snapdragon-636-mobile-platform-Overview  Qualcomm.com. 2022. Snapdragon 636 specifications. https:\/\/www.qualcomm.com\/products\/application\/smartphones\/snapdragon-6-series-mobile-platforms\/snapdragon-636-mobile-platform-Overview"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICL-GNSS49876.2020.9115489"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICITAMEE50454.2020.9398386"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","first-page":"333","article-title":"Evaluation of the vulnerabilities of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to global positioning system (GPS) jamming and spoofing","volume":"13","author":"Sathyamoorthy Dinesh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dinesh Sathyamoorthy , Z Fitry , Esa Selamat , S Hassan , Ahmad Firdaus , and Z Zaimy . 2020 . Evaluation of the vulnerabilities of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to global positioning system (GPS) jamming and spoofing . Defence S and T Technical Bulletin , Vol. 13 (2020), 333 -- 343 . Dinesh Sathyamoorthy, Z Fitry, Esa Selamat, S Hassan, Ahmad Firdaus, and Z Zaimy. 2020. Evaluation of the vulnerabilities of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to global positioning system (GPS) jamming and spoofing. Defence S and T Technical Bulletin, Vol. 13 (2020), 333--343.","journal-title":"Defence S and T Technical Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"Drone hack: Spoofing attack demonstration on a civilian unmanned aerial vehicle.(2012). Google Scholar","author":"Shepard Daniel P","year":"2012","unstructured":"Daniel P Shepard , Jahshan A Bhatti , and Todd E Humphreys . 2012. Drone hack: Spoofing attack demonstration on a civilian unmanned aerial vehicle.(2012). Google Scholar ( 2012 ). Daniel P Shepard, Jahshan A Bhatti, and Todd E Humphreys. 2012. Drone hack: Spoofing attack demonstration on a civilian unmanned aerial vehicle.(2012). Google Scholar (2012)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2046707.2046719"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Vulnerability and Threat Analysis of UAVs. In 2021 IEEE\/ACS 18th International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA). IEEE, IEEE, Tangier, Morocco, 1--2.","author":"Tufekci Burak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Burak Tufekci and Cihan Tunc . 2021 . Vulnerability and Threat Analysis of UAVs. In 2021 IEEE\/ACS 18th International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA). IEEE, IEEE, Tangier, Morocco, 1--2. Burak Tufekci and Cihan Tunc. 2021. Vulnerability and Threat Analysis of UAVs. In 2021 IEEE\/ACS 18th International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA). IEEE, IEEE, Tangier, Morocco, 1--2."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","volume-title":"The Free Encyclopedia. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=GPS_signals&oldid=1091064831 [Online","author":"Wikipedia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors. 2022. GPS signals -- Wikipedia , The Free Encyclopedia. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=GPS_signals&oldid=1091064831 [Online ; accessed 3- June - 2022 ]. Wikipedia contributors. 2022. GPS signals -- Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=GPS_signals&oldid=1091064831 [Online; accessed 3-June-2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2020.100218"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18494\/SAM.2020.2783"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2973759"}],"event":{"name":"MSWiM '22: Int'l ACM Conference on Modeling Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems","location":"Montreal Quebec Canada","acronym":"MSWiM '22","sponsor":["SIGSIM ACM Special Interest Group on Simulation and Modeling"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 18th ACM International Symposium on QoS and Security for Wireless and Mobile Networks on 18th ACM International Symposium on QoS and Security for Wireless and Mobile Networks"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3551661.3561365","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3551661.3561365","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T17:49:00Z","timestamp":1750182540000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3551661.3561365"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3551661.3561365","10.1145\/3551661"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3551661.3561365","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]]}}}