{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T15:01:05Z","timestamp":1767970865875,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000015","name":"Department of Energy","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ASCR 17-SC-20-S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ASCR 17-SC-20-S"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Commun. ACM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An examination of how the technology landscape has changed and possible future directions for HPC operations and innovation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3552309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T15:29:38Z","timestamp":1674228578000},"page":"82-90","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["HPC Forecast"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Reed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Gannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Dongarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tennessee"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM\/IEEE 47th Annual Intern. Symp. on Computer Architecture, IEEE Press","author":"Abts D.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abts, D. et al. Think fast: A Tensor streaming processor (TSP) for accelerating deep learning workloads. In Proceedings of the ACM\/IEEE 47th Annual Intern. Symp. on Computer Architecture, IEEE Press (2020), 145--158; http:\/\/bit.ly\/3PA2a87."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","series-title":"December 2021","volume-title":"Science's 2021 breakthrough: AI-powered protein prediction. AAAS","author":"Beckwith W.","unstructured":"Beckwith, W. Science's 2021 breakthrough: AI-powered protein prediction. AAAS (December 2021); http:\/\/bit.ly\/3W4j6Gd."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/N-SSC.2007.4785534"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2744769.2747925"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dey S. et al. Performance and opportunities of gate-all-around vertically stacked nanowire transistors at 3nm technology nodes. In 2019 Devices for Integrated Circuit 94--98 10.1109\/DEVIC.2019.8783385","DOI":"10.1109\/DEVIC.2019.8783385"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"15th USENIX Symp. on Networked Systems Design and Implementation 15","author":"Firestone D.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Firestone, D. et al. Azure accelerated networking: SmartNICs in the public cloud. 15th USENIX Symp. on Networked Systems Design and Implementation 15. (2015); https:\/\/bit.ly\/3HFyNzd."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2018436.2018477"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 27","author":"Goodfellow I.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goodfellow, I. et al. Generative adversarial nets. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 27 (2014), Z. Ghahramani, M. Welling, C. Cortes, N. Lawrence, and K. Q. Weinberger (Eds.), Curran Associates, Inc.; https:\/\/bit.ly\/3BI6IDy."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 9th Annual Symp. on Computer Architecture, IEEE Computer Society Press","author":"Gottlieb A.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Gottlieb, A. et al. The NYU Ultracomputer---Designing a MIMD, shared-memory parallel machine. In Proceedings of the 9th Annual Symp. on Computer Architecture, IEEE Computer Society Press (1982), 27--42."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2934872.2934891"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3386377"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3414622.3432992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3447545.3451183"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"Hey T. Tansley S. and Tolle K. (Eds.). The Fourth Paradigm: Data-Intensive Scientific Discovery. Microsoft Research (2009); https:\/\/bit.ly\/3v3qXrn."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3458336.3465297"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"Horvitz E. A leap forward in bioscience (2022); https:\/\/erichorvitz.com\/Leap_forward_bioscience.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"HPC market update briefing during SC21. Supercomputing 2021; https:\/\/bit.ly\/3HR6Kg2."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Dissecting the Graphcore IPU architecture via microbenchmarking. CoRR, abs\/1912.03413","author":"Jia Z.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jia, Z., Tillman, B., Maggioni, M., and Scarpazza, D.P. Dissecting the Graphcore IPU architecture via microbenchmarking. CoRR, abs\/1912.03413 (2019). arXiv:1912.03413; http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1912.03413."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3079856.3080246"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03819-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"4","volume":"464","author":"Kim E.J.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim, E.J. and Brunner, R.J. Star-galaxy classification using deep convolutional neural networks. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 464, 4 (2016).","journal-title":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.231.4741.967"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/62116.62131"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/2.121510"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3458817.3487399"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/DATE51398.2021.9474021"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"The attack of the killer micros. The New York Times (May 6","author":"Markoff J.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Markoff, J. The attack of the killer micros. The New York Times (May 6, 1991); https:\/\/bit.ly\/3FDzhDr."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2172\/1616249"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCA52012.2021.00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","first-page":"5","volume":"8","author":"Peurifoy J.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peurifoy, J. et al. Nanophotonic particle simulation and inverse design using artificial neural networks. Science Advances 8, 5 (2022).","journal-title":"Science Advances"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1267903.1267905"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","unstructured":"Polu S. Han J.M. and Sutskever I. Solving (some) formal math Olympiad problems. Open AI (2022); https:\/\/openai.com\/blog\/formal-math."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/359327.359336"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3433701.3433763"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1288783.1288785"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1897816.1897844"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2465.2467"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 24th Intern. Conf. on Parallel Processing 1, CRC Press","author":"Sterling T.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sterling, T. et al. BEOWULF: A parallel workstation for scientific computation. In Proceedings of the 24th Intern. Conf. on Parallel Processing 1, CRC Press (1995), I:11--14."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2015.338"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/62297.62412"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th Annual ACM Intern. Conf. on Nanoscale Computing and Communication. Association for Computing Machinery (2021)","author":"Vinnakota B.","unstructured":"Vinnakota, B. The open domain-specific architecture: Next steps to production. In Proceedings of the 8th Annual ACM Intern. Conf. on Nanoscale Computing and Communication. Association for Computing Machinery (2021); https:\/\/bit.ly\/3PBPtK0."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"et al. Highly scalable, physics-informed GANs for learning solutions of stochastic PDEs. ArXiv abs\/1910.13444v1","author":"Yang L.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang, L. et al. Highly scalable, physics-informed GANs for learning solutions of stochastic PDEs. ArXiv abs\/1910.13444v1 (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3357526.3357558"}],"container-title":["Communications of the ACM"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3552309","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3552309","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3552309","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T18:43:36Z","timestamp":1750272216000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3552309"}},"subtitle":["Cloudy and Uncertain"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3552309"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3552309","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-0782","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7317","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-01-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}