{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T04:16:02Z","timestamp":1750220162700,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"MHRD SPARC Project No. 712 titled Rigorous Verification and Validation of Memory Systems in Heterogeneous Computing Systems using Statistical Model Checking"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Spatial Algorithms Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Odisha is a state in the eastern part of India with a population of 46 million. Annually, a large number of people migrate to financial and industrial centers in other states for their livelihood earning. Bulk of them returned to Odisha during the early stage of national lockdown (March\u2013June 2020) due to the Covid-19 outbreak as their places of work became Covid hotspots while Odisha was much less affected. This triggered the Odisha government to take precautionary measures such as mandatory quarantine of returning migrants, setting up of containment zones, and establishing temporary medical centres (TMC). Moreover, it was necessary for the government to devise a policy that could slow down the spread of Covid-19 in Odisha due to inflow of migrants. Being part of a task-force constituted by government to understand Covid-19 spread dynamics in Odisha, we predicted the number of people who would get infected primarily due to reverse-migration. This helped the government to make timely resource mobilisation. After analyzing reasons behind the rise in infections at various districts with large migrant population, we mapped the prediction problem to Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT) of Abraham Wald. Our predictions were highly accurate when compared with real data that were obtained at a later stage. Two levels of SPRT were carried out over the data provided by the government. Use of SPRT for Covid-19 spread analysis is novel, particularly to predict the number of possible infections much ahead in time due to the sudden inflow of migrants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3558778","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]],"date-time":"2022-08-23T11:13:31Z","timestamp":1661253211000},"page":"1-18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of Migrant Labourer Inflow on the Early Spread of Covid-19 in Odisha: A Case Study"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1060-8170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shreetam","family":"Behera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IIT Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3904-732X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debi Prosad","family":"Dogra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IIT Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9237-0978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manoranjan","family":"Satpathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IIT Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"(n.d.). COVID-19: Odisha State Dashboard. Retrieved on 28 April 2021 https:\/\/statedashboard.odisha.gov.in\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"(n.d.). Hungry and homesick Odia migrant labourers in Surat want to get back home. Retrieved on 15 Dec. 2021 from https:\/\/economictimes.indiatimes.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"(n.d.). Odisha Covid Portal. Retrieved 15 Dec. 2021 from https:\/\/covid19.odisha.gov.in\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"(n.d.). Odisha Map. Retrieved 29 April 2021 from http:\/\/odishaassembly.nic.in\/map.aspx."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"(n.d.). State Maps. Retrieved 27 April 2021 from https:\/\/surveyofindia.gov.in\/pages\/state-maps."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202008.0495.v1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177705996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00230"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba9757"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"2020","article-title":"A privacy-preserving Bayesian network model for personalised COVID19 risk assessment and contact tracing","author":"Fenton Norman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Norman Fenton, Scott McLachlan, Peter Lucas, Kudakwashe Dube, Graham Hitman, Magda Osman, Evangelia Kyrimi, and Martin Neil. 2021. A privacy-preserving Bayesian network model for personalised COVID19 risk assessment and contact tracing. medRxiv (2021), 2020\u201307.","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/5575"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11071-020-05743-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.72.7.690"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253367"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549720954916"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trip.2020.100187"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmp.2021.102505"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"e261\u2013e270","article-title":"The effect of control strategies to reduce social mixing on outcomes of the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan, China: A modelling study","volume":"5","author":"Prem Kiesha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kiesha Prem, Yang Liu, Timothy W. Russell, Adam J. Kucharski, Rosalind M. Eggo, Nicholas Davies, Stefan Flasche, Samuel Clifford, Carl A. B. Pearson, James D. Munday et\u00a0al. 2020. The effect of control strategies to reduce social mixing on outcomes of the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan, China: A modelling study. Lancet Pub. Health 5, 5 (2020), e261\u2013e270.","journal-title":"Lancet Pub. Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","article-title":"Understanding binomial sequential testing","volume":"12","author":"Romeu J. L.","year":"2005","unstructured":"J. L. Romeu. 2005. Understanding binomial sequential testing. 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