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The execution of smart contracts on public blockchains can be invoked by any user with a transaction, although in many scenarios there would be the need for restricting the right of executing smart contracts only to a restricted set of users. To help deal with this issue, this article proposes a system based on a popular access control framework called RT, Role-based Trust Management, to regulate smart contracts execution rights. The proposed system, called Layer 2 DecentrAlized Role-based Trust management (L2DART), implements the RT framework on a public blockchain, and it is designed as a layer-2 technology that involves both on-chain and off-chain functionalities to reduce the blockchain costs while keeping blockchain auditability, i.e., immutability and transparency. The on-chain costs of L2DART have been evaluated on Ethereum and compared with a previous solution implementing on-chain all the functionalities. The results show that the on-chain costs of L2DART are relatively low, making the system deployable in real-world scenarios.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3561386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]],"date-time":"2022-09-19T12:00:52Z","timestamp":1663588852000},"page":"1-30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["L2DART: A Trust Management System Integrating Blockchain and Off-Chain Computation"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1691-7182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"De Salve","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - ISASI, Lecce, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2441-2291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Franceschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4713-989X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Lisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - IIT, Pisa, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6618-0388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - IIT, Pisa, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8179-8215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/283699.283739"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICBC48266.2020.9169432"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2956748"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-69861-6_8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","volume-title":"ARPA Whitepaper","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arpachain. 2018. 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