{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T07:40:48Z","timestamp":1780472448351,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Italian Ministry for University and Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NSF","award":["#1651945 and #1813797"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#1651945 and #1813797"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Research Council of Norway","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004410","name":"Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["#9180066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#9180066"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Energy harvesting battery-free embedded devices rely only on ambient energy harvesting that enables stand-alone and sustainable IoT applications. These devices execute programs when the harvested ambient energy in their energy reservoir is sufficient to operate and stop execution abruptly (and start charging) otherwise. These intermittent programs have varying timing behavior under different energy conditions, hardware configurations, and program structures. This article presents Energy-aware Timing Analysis of intermittent Programs (ETAP), a probabilistic symbolic execution approach that analyzes the timing and energy behavior of intermittent programs at compile time. ETAP symbolically executes the given program while taking time and energy cost models for ambient energy and dynamic energy consumption into account. We evaluate ETAP by comparing the compile-time analysis results of our benchmark codes and real-world application with the results of their executions on real hardware. Our evaluation shows that ETAP\u2019s prediction error rate is between 0.0076% and 10.8%, and it speeds up the timing analysis by at least two orders of magnitude compared to manual testing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3563216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T12:39:24Z","timestamp":1663245564000},"page":"1-31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["ETAP: Energy-aware Timing Analysis of Intermittent Programs"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6305-4266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferhat","family":"Erata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale University, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4631-7834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eren","family":"Yildiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2170-2066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arda","family":"Goknil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SINTEF Digital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9528-6923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kasim Sinan","family":"Yildirim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Trento TN, Trento,, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9721-3640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Szefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale University, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3267-0776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruzica","family":"Piskac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale University, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1805-1159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gokcin","family":"Sezgin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNIT Information Technologies R&amp;D Ltd., Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3391893","article-title":"Demystifying energy consumption dynamics in transiently powered computers","volume":"19","author":"Ahmed Saad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saad Ahmed, Muhammad Nawaz, Abu Bakar, Naveed Anwar Bhatti, Muhammad Hamad Alizai, Junaid Haroon Siddiqui, and Luca Mottola. 2020. Demystifying energy consumption dynamics in transiently powered computers. ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst. 19, 6 (2020), 1\u201325.","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"the 3rd International Workshop on Deep Learning for Mobile Systems and Applications (EMDL\u201919)","author":"Almeida Mario","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mario Almeida, Stefanos Laskaridis, Ilias Leontiadis, Stylianos I. Venieris, and Nicholas D. Lane. 2019. EmBench: Quantifying performance variations of deep neural networks across modern commodity devices. In the 3rd International Workshop on Deep Learning for Mobile Systems and Applications (EMDL\u201919). 1\u20136."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"Arduino. 2021. Arduino Uno rev-3. Retrieved from https:\/\/store.arduino.cc\/usa\/arduino-uno-rev3."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"38","volume-title":"International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization (CGO\u201918)","author":"Baghsorkhi Sara S.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sara S. Baghsorkhi and Christos Margiolas. 2018. Automating efficient variable-grained resiliency for low-power IoT systems. In International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization (CGO\u201918). 38\u201349."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3478077"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3182657"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2016.2547919"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LES.2014.2371494"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3055031.3055082"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429428357"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"866","volume-title":"the 10th Joint Meeting on Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC\/FSE\u201915)","author":"Borges Mateus","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mateus Borges, Antonio Filieri, Marcelo d\u2019Amorim, and Corina S. P\u0103s\u0103reanu. 2015. Iterative distribution-aware sampling for probabilistic symbolic execution. In the 10th Joint Meeting on Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC\/FSE\u201915). 866\u2013877."},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1722","DOI":"10.1002\/stvr.1722","article-title":"Memory models in symbolic execution: Key ideas and new thoughts","volume":"29","author":"Borzacchiello Luca","year":"2019","unstructured":"Luca Borzacchiello, Emilio Coppa, Daniele Cono D\u2019Elia, and Camil Demetrescu. 2019. Memory models in symbolic execution: Key ideas and new thoughts. Softw. Test., Verific. Reliab. 29, 8 (2019), e1722.","journal-title":"Softw. Test., Verific. Reliab."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"KLEE symbolic execution engine in 2019","author":"Cadar Cristian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cristian Cadar and Martin Nowack. 2021. KLEE symbolic execution engine in 2019. Int. J. Softw. Tools Technol. Transf. 23, 6 (2021), 1\u20134.","journal-title":"Int. J. Softw. Tools Technol. Transf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2884781.2884794"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"40","volume-title":"the IEEE 28th Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS)","author":"Choi Jongouk","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jongouk Choi, Larry Kittinger, Qingrui Liu, and Changhee Jung. 2022. Compiler-directed high-performance intermittent computation with power failure immunity. In the IEEE 28th Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS). IEEE, 40\u201354."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","unstructured":"Clang. 2021. Clang: a C language family frontend for LLVM. Retrieved from https:\/\/clang.llvm.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MM.2017.48"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2983990.2983995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3178372.3179525"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-78800-3_24"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411839"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3510850"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3176587"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"the International Summer School on Generative and Transformational Techniques in Software Engineering","author":"Dwyer Matthew B.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Matthew B. Dwyer, Antonio Filieri, Jaco Geldenhuys, Mitchell Gerrard, Corina S. P\u0103s\u0103reanu, and Willem Visser. 2015. Probabilistic program analysis. In the International Summer School on Generative and Transformational Techniques in Software Engineering. Springer, 1\u201325."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2013.6606608"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3302506.3310393"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","first-page":"166","volume-title":"the 21st International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis (ISSTA\u201912)","author":"Geldenhuys Jaco","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jaco Geldenhuys, Matthew B. Dwyer, and Willem Visser. 2012. Probabilistic symbolic execution. In the 21st International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis (ISSTA\u201912). 166\u2013176."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","unstructured":"GNU. 2021. The Pragma Directive. Retrieved from https:\/\/gcc.gnu.org\/onlinedocs\/cpp\/Pragmas.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3297858.3304011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2022.3184519"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022602019183"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","first-page":"633","volume-title":"Handbook of Satisfiability","author":"Gomes Carla P.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Carla P. Gomes, Ashish Sabharwal, and Bart Selman. 2009. Model counting. In Handbook of Satisfiability. IOS Press, 633\u2013654."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","first-page":"3","volume-title":"the 4th Annual IEEE International Workshop on Workload Characterization (WWC\u201901)","author":"Guthaus Matthew R.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Matthew R. Guthaus, Jeffrey S. Ringenberg, Dan Ernst, Todd M. Austin, Trevor Mudge, and Richard B. Brown. 2001. MiBench: A free, commercially representative embedded benchmark suite. In the 4th Annual IEEE International Workshop on Workload Characterization (WWC\u201901). IEEE, 3\u201314."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-018-0175-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-5849(01)00189-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Empirical Software Engineering and Verification - International Summer Schools, LASER 2008-2010, Revised Tutorial Lectures (Lecture Notes in Computer Science)","author":"Harman Mark","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mark Harman, Phil McMinn, Jerffeson Teixeira de Souza, and Shin Yoo. 2010. Search based software engineering: Techniques, taxonomy, tutorial. In Empirical Software Engineering and Verification - International Summer Schools, LASER 2008-2010, Revised Tutorial Lectures (Lecture Notes in Computer Science), Vol. 7007. Springer, 1\u201359."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2668332.2668382"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3131672.3131674"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3131672.3131673"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3140659.3080238"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411808"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VLSID.2014.63"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2015.2495718"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3373376.3378476"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","first-page":"75","volume-title":"the International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization (CGO\u201904)","author":"Lattner Chris","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chris Lattner and Vikram Adve. 2004. LLVM: A compilation framework for lifelong program analysis & transformation. In the International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization (CGO\u201904). IEEE, 75\u201386."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","unstructured":"LLVM. 2021. LLVM Language Reference Manual. Retrieved from https:\/\/llvm.org\/docs\/LangRef.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","volume-title":"Statistics: Unlocking the Power of Data","author":"Lock Robin H.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Robin H. Lock, Patti Frazer Lock, Kari Lock Morgan, Eric F. Lock, and Dennis F. Lock. 2020. Statistics: Unlocking the Power of Data. John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2737924.2737978"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2642937.2643011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3133920"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","first-page":"129","volume-title":"the 13th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI\u201918)","author":"Maeng Kiwan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kiwan Maeng and Brandon Lucia. 2018. Adaptive dynamic checkpointing for safe efficient intermittent computing. In the 13th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI\u201918). 129\u2013144."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3385412.3385998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3316482.3326346"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3360285"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2014.2387732"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2015.7127689"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RFID.2015.7113088"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","first-page":"8","volume-title":"the 7th International Workshop on Energy Harvesting and Energy-Neutral Sensing Systems (ENSsys\u201919)","author":"Nardello Matteo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Matteo Nardello, Harsh Desai, Davide Brunelli, and Brandon Lucia. 2019. Camaroptera: A batteryless long-range remote visual sensing system. In the 7th International Workshop on Energy Harvesting and Energy-Neutral Sensing Systems (ENSsys\u201919). 8\u201314."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1858996.1859035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","unstructured":"Powercast Corp.2021. Powercast Hardware. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.powercastco.com."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","unstructured":"Powercast Corp.2021. Powercast Hardware. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.powercastco.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2.016\/11\/p2110-evb1.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"Team R Core","year":"2017","unstructured":"R Core Team. 2017. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1950365.1950386"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","unstructured":"RAWDAD. 2022. The Columbia\/EnHANTs dataset. Retrieved from https:\/\/crawdad.org\/columbia\/enhants\/20110407\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3314221.3314583"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","unstructured":"Saleae. 2021. Saleae Logic Pro 16 Analyzer. Retrieved from https:\/\/support.saleae.com\/datasheets-and-specifications\/datasheets."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2008.925019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","volume-title":"the 7th International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing (SAT\u201904)","author":"Sang Tian","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tian Sang, Fahiem Bacchus, Paul Beame, Henry A. Kautz, and Toniann Pitassi. 2004. Combining component caching and clause learning for effective model counting. In the 7th International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing (SAT\u201904)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2020.101900"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3360609"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3453483.3454081"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","unstructured":"Texas Instruments. 2021. EnergyTrace Technology. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.ti.com\/tool\/energytrace."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","unstructured":"Texas Instruments. 2021. MSP Datasheet. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.ti.com\/sc\/docs\/products\/micro\/msp430\/userguid\/as_5.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","unstructured":"Texas Instruments. 2021. MSP430FR5994 Mixed-Signal Microcontroller. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.ti.com\/product\/MSP430FR5994."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","unstructured":"Texas Instruments Inc.2021. FRAM FAQs. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.ti.com\/lit\/ml\/slat151\/slat151.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11814948_38"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3274783.3274854"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","first-page":"17","volume-title":"the 12th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI\u201916)","author":"Woude Joel Van Der","year":"2016","unstructured":"Joel Van Der Woude and Matthew Hicks. 2016. Intermittent computation without hardware support or programmer intervention. In the 12th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI\u201916). 17\u201332."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-7744-1_2","volume-title":"Simulated Annealing: Theory and Applications","author":"Laarhoven Peter J. M. Van","year":"1987","unstructured":"Peter J. M. Van Laarhoven and Emile H. L. Aarts. 1987. Simulated annealing. In Simulated Annealing: Theory and Applications. Springer, 7\u201315."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3274783.3274837"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","first-page":"339","volume-title":"the 16th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI\u201922)","author":"Y\u0131ld\u0131z Eren","year":"2022","unstructured":"Eren Y\u0131ld\u0131z, Lijun Chen, and Kasim Sinan Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m. 2022. Immortal threads: Multithreaded event-driven intermittent computing on ultra-low-power microcontrollers. In the 16th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI\u201922). USENIX Association, 339\u2013355. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/osdi22\/presentation\/yildiz."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2017.2666606"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3563216","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3563216","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3563216","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T16:38:10Z","timestamp":1750178290000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3563216"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3563216"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3563216","relation":{},"ISSN":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1539-9087","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-3465","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-01-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}