{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T19:19:55Z","timestamp":1768072795289,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["61401397 and 61872322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61401397 and 61872322"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Research Project on the Application of Public Welfare Technologies","award":["LGF22F020023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LGF22F020023"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars","award":["LR20F020003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LR20F020003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Sen. Netw."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>With the broadening of the radio spectrum to higher frequency bands, wireless links are more prone to blockages by nomadic obstacles. However, existing routing schemes mostly follow the network-oriented design principle, which makes it difficult to react quickly to sudden obstruction. This article proposes PAR, a novel physical-assisted routing scheme for the Internet of Things. PAR takes a physical-oriented viewpoint attempting to mitigate unexpected link blockages by leveraging sensor observations of obstacles at individual nodes. It analyzes the signatures of sensor measurements to directly estimate the positions and sizes of obstacles and to proactively infer remedial routing decisions even before the transmission failure occurs. During the network deployment time, PAR lets each node learn and calibrate the geographic distribution of neighbors with respect to its sensor measurements by exchanging the sensor observations of a mobile guidance obstacle. During the runtime, an obstacle bypassing algorithm is then developed to find the shortest detour routes by comparing the local sensor measurements with the calibrated positions of neighbors to immediately resume data forwarding. We evaluate the efficacy of PAR using simulation and a real-world testbed. It is observed that PAR significantly improves the success rate while reducing redundant hops and routing control overhead.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3565021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T11:47:18Z","timestamp":1664452038000},"page":"1-29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Physical-Assisted Routing for Proactive Avoidance of Nomadic Obstacles in IoT"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8094-2203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5565-2645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaquan","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0020-4962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Biqian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3427-0677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu Hen","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7651-7730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4751-2049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaikai","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2017.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","unstructured":"Atmel. 2010. AT86RF212 Data Sheet. Retrieved October 7 2022 from http:\/\/ww1.microchip.com\/downloads\/en\/DeviceDoc\/doc8168.pdf."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","first-page":"Article 34, 33","article-title":"Radio link quality estimation in wireless sensor networks: A survey","volume":"8","author":"Baccour Nouha","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nouha Baccour, Anis Koub\u00e2a, Luca Mottola, Marco Antonio Z\u00fa\u00f1iga, Habib Youssef, Carlo Alberto Boano, and M\u00e1rio Alves. 2012. Radio link quality estimation in wireless sensor networks: A survey. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks 8, 4 (2012), Article 34, 33 pages.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1160162.1160178"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","unstructured":"Thanassis Boulis. 2018. Castalia. Retrieved October 7 2022 from https:\/\/github.com\/boulis\/Castalia."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","volume-title":"The Collection Tree Protocol for the Castalia Wireless Sensor Networks Simulator","author":"Colesanti Ugo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ugo Colesanti and Silvia Santini. 2011. The Collection Tree Protocol for the Castalia Wireless Sensor Networks Simulator. Technical Report. ETH Zurich."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2020.3006926"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2020.2966989"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2018.8377111"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","volume-title":"Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness","author":"Garey Michael R.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Michael R. Garey and David S. Johnson. 1979. Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. W. H. Freeman."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","first-page":"Article 16, 49","article-title":"CTP: An efficient, robust, and reliable collection tree protocol for wireless sensor networks","volume":"10","author":"Gnawali Omprakash","year":"2013","unstructured":"Omprakash Gnawali, Rodrigo Fonseca, Kyle Jamieson, Maria Kazandjieva, David Moss, and Philip Levis. 2013. CTP: An efficient, robust, and reliable collection tree protocol for wireless sensor networks. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks 10, 1 (2013), Article 16, 49 pages.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/645511.657094"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-019-01983-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3234847.3234862"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","unstructured":"Honeywell. 2012. Three-Axis Digital Compass IC HMC5883L. Retrieved October 7 2022 from https:\/\/www.farnell.com\/datasheets\/1683374.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2017.2771424"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","first-page":"Article 31, 47","article-title":"A survey on reliability protocols in wireless sensor networks","volume":"50","author":"Kafi Mohamed Amine","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mohamed Amine Kafi, Jalel Ben Othman, and Nadjib Badache. 2017. A survey on reliability protocols in wireless sensor networks. ACM Computing Surveys 50, 2 (2017), Article 31, 47 pages.","journal-title":"ACM Computing Surveys"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","first-page":"379","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM\u201915)","author":"Kim Song Min","year":"2015","unstructured":"Song Min Kim, Shuai Wang, and Tian He. 2015. Exploiting causes and effects of wireless link correlation for better performance. In Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM\u201915). 379\u2013387."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2017.2732238"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","first-page":"602","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE 25th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS\u201919)","author":"Le Khanh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khanh Le, Thanh Hung Nguyen, Kien Nguyen, and Phi Le Nguyen. 2019. Exploiting Q-learning in extending the network lifetime of wireless sensor networks with holes. In Proceedings of the IEEE 25th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS\u201919). 602\u2013609."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2018.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2015.2475752"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2012.264"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","first-page":"Article 42, 26","article-title":"Toward stable network performance in wireless sensor networks: A multilevel perspective","volume":"11","author":"Lin Shan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shan Lin, Gang Zhou, Mo\u2019taz Al-Hami, Kamin Whitehouse, Yafeng Wu, John A. Stankovic, Tian He, Xiaobing Wu, and Hengchang Liu. 2015. Toward stable network performance in wireless sensor networks: A multilevel perspective. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks 11, 3 (2015), Article 42, 26 pages.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2017.2682276"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","first-page":"Article 46, 41","article-title":"Temporal adaptive link quality prediction with online learning","volume":"10","author":"Liu Tao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tao Liu and Alberto E. Cerpa. 2014. Temporal adaptive link quality prediction with online learning. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks 10, 3 (2014), Article 46, 41 pages.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2013.180"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20092506"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/520551.837511"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2013.60"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2019.2945595","article-title":"A type of virtual force-based energy-hole mitigation strategy for sensor networks","volume":"20","author":"Sha Chao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chao Sha, Chunhui Ren, Reza Malekian, Min Wu, Haiping Huang, and Ning Ye. 2020. A type of virtual force-based energy-hole mitigation strategy for sensor networks. IEEE Sensors Journal 20, 2 (2020), 1105\u20131119.","journal-title":"IEEE Sensors Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2016.2581821"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2015.2444416"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.2978478"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2015.2398852"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","first-page":"Article 14, 20","article-title":"Link quality estimation of cross-technology communication: The case with physical-level emulation","volume":"18","author":"Zhang Jia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jia Zhang, Xiuzhen Guo, Haotian Jiang, Xiaolong Zheng, and Yuan He. 2021. Link quality estimation of cross-technology communication: The case with physical-level emulation. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks 18, 1 (2021), Article 14, 20 pages.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108712","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/108712","article-title":"Localization with a mobile beacon based on compressive sensing in wireless sensor networks","volume":"9","author":"Zhao Chunhui","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chunhui Zhao, Yunlong Xu, Hui Huang, and Bing Cui. 2013. Localization with a mobile beacon based on compressive sensing in wireless sensor networks. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 9, 10 (2013), 108712.","journal-title":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2020.3016056"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18030747"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3565021","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3565021","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T19:02:52Z","timestamp":1750186972000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3565021"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3565021"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3565021","relation":{},"ISSN":["1550-4859","1550-4867"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1550-4859","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-4867","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-12-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-15","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}