{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T09:31:16Z","timestamp":1769938276341,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"GROUP","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"SSF","award":["RIT15-0046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RIT15-0046"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The advent of autonomous cars creates a range of new questions about road safety, as well as a new collaborative domain for CSCW to analyse. This paper uses video data collected from five countries - India, Spain, France, Chile, and the USA - to study how road users interact with each other. We use interactional video analysis to document how co-ordination is achieved in traffic not just through the use of formal rules, but through situated communicative action. Human movement is a rich implicit communication channel and this communication is essential for safe manoeuvring on the road, such as in the co-ordination between pedestrians and drivers. We discuss five basic movements elements: gaps, speed, position, indicating and stopping. Together these elements can be combined to make and accept offers, show urgency, make requests and display preferences. We build on these results to explore lessons for how we can design the implicit motion of self-driving cars so that these motions are understandable - in traffic - by other road users. In discussion, we explore the lessons from this for designing the movement of robotic systems more broadly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3567555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T21:22:24Z","timestamp":1672348944000},"page":"1-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Designing Motion: Lessons for Self-driving and Robotic Motion from Human Traffic Interaction"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9710-6607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barry","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Copenhagen &amp; Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8043-0710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Laurier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6589-8630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik","family":"Vinkhuyzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nissan, Palo Alto, CA, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 6th Humanist Conference. 1--7.","author":"Ackermann Claudia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Claudia Ackermann , Matthias Beggiato , Luka-Franziska Bluhm , and Josef Krems . 2018 . Vehicle movement and its potential as implicit communication signal for pedestrians and automated vehicles . In Proceedings of the 6th Humanist Conference. 1--7. Claudia Ackermann, Matthias Beggiato, Luka-Franziska Bluhm, and Josef Krems. 2018. Vehicle movement and its potential as implicit communication signal for pedestrians and automated vehicles. In Proceedings of the 6th Humanist Conference. 1--7."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2018.8525516"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300480"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Meet the Companies Building Self-Driving Cars for Google and Tesla (And Maybe Apple). http:\/\/www.recode.net\/2015\/10\/27\/11620026\/meet-the-companies-building-self-driving-cars-for-google-and-tesla","author":"Bergen Mark","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mark Bergen . 2015 . Meet the Companies Building Self-Driving Cars for Google and Tesla (And Maybe Apple). http:\/\/www.recode.net\/2015\/10\/27\/11620026\/meet-the-companies-building-self-driving-cars-for-google-and-tesla Mark Bergen. 2015. Meet the Companies Building Self-Driving Cars for Google and Tesla (And Maybe Apple). http:\/\/www.recode.net\/2015\/10\/27\/11620026\/meet-the-companies-building-self-driving-cars-for-google-and-tesla"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijal.12194"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025462"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2466132"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2016.2624754"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HRI.2016.7451761"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3409120.3410646"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1518701.1518835"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijal.12197"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.langcom.2018.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijal.12198"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Overtaking as an interactional achievement : Video analyses of participants' practices in traffic","volume":"19","author":"Deppermann Arnulf","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arnulf Deppermann , Eric Laurier , and Lorenza Mondada . 2018 . Overtaking as an interactional achievement : Video analyses of participants' practices in traffic . Gespr\u00e4chsforschung , Vol. 19 (2018), 1 -- 131 . http:\/\/urn.kb.se\/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-149905 Arnulf Deppermann, Eric Laurier, and Lorenza Mondada. 2018. Overtaking as an interactional achievement : Video analyses of participants' practices in traffic. Gespr\u00e4chsforschung , Vol. 19 (2018), 1--131. http:\/\/urn.kb.se\/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-149905","journal-title":"Gespr\u00e4chsforschung"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327973RLSI3304_02"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Yoav Kessler, and Oren Zuckerman.","author":"Erel Hadas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hadas Erel , Tzachi Shem Tov , Yoav Kessler, and Oren Zuckerman. 2019 . Robots are Always Social : Robotic Movements are Automatically Interpreted as Social Cues. In Extended abstracts of the 2019 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems. 1--6. Hadas Erel, Tzachi Shem Tov, Yoav Kessler, and Oren Zuckerman. 2019. Robots are Always Social: Robotic Movements are Automatically Interpreted as Social Cues. In Extended abstracts of the 2019 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems. 1--6."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3342775.3342788"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1753326.1753397"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Studies in Ethnomethodology","author":"Garfinkel Harold","unstructured":"Harold Garfinkel . 1967. Studies in Ethnomethodology . Prentice Hall . Harold Garfinkel. 1967. Studies in Ethnomethodology. Prentice Hall."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2012.6248074"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","unstructured":"Lee Gomes. 2014. Google's Self-Driving Cars Still Face Many Obstacles. https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/s\/530276\/hidden-obstacles-for-googles-self-driving-cars\/  Lee Gomes. 2014. Google's Self-Driving Cars Still Face Many Obstacles. https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/s\/530276\/hidden-obstacles-for-googles-self-driving-cars\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2015.2498841"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-2166(99)00096-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Co-operative action","author":"Goodwin Charles","unstructured":"Charles Goodwin . 2018. Co-operative action . Cambridge University Press . Charles Goodwin. 2018. Co-operative action. Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","first-page":"257","article-title":"Car talk: Integrating texts, bodies, and changing landscapes","volume":"191","author":"Goodwin Marjorie Harness","year":"2012","unstructured":"Marjorie Harness Goodwin and Charles Goodwin . 2012 . Car talk: Integrating texts, bodies, and changing landscapes . Semiotica , Vol. 191 (2012), 257 -- 286 . Marjorie Harness Goodwin and Charles Goodwin. 2012. Car talk: Integrating texts, bodies, and changing landscapes. Semiotica , Vol. 191 (2012), 257--286.","journal-title":"Semiotica"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01336"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/sem-2012-0059"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1206331213508498"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Video in qualitative research: analysing social interaction in everyday life","author":"Heath Christian","unstructured":"Christian Heath , Jon Hindmarsh , and Paul Luff . 2010. Video in qualitative research: analysing social interaction in everyday life . Sage , London . Christian Heath, Jon Hindmarsh, and Paul Luff. 2010. Video in qualitative research: analysing social interaction in everyday life. Sage, London."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/556346"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2157689.2157694"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173939"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"The design of implicit interactions","author":"Wendy Ju.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wendy Ju. 2015. The design of implicit interactions . Vol. 8 . Morgan & Claypool Publishers . http:\/\/www.morganclaypool.com\/doi\/abs\/10.2200\/S00619ED1V01Y 2014 12HCI028 Wendy Ju. 2015. The design of implicit interactions. Vol. 8. Morgan & Claypool Publishers. http:\/\/www.morganclaypool.com\/doi\/abs\/10.2200\/S00619ED1V01Y201412HCI028"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978--1--84996--332--9_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1358628.1358833"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","volume-title":"Yong Gu Ji, and Seul Chan Lee.","author":"Kim Young Woo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Young Woo Kim , Jae Hyun Han , Yong Gu Ji, and Seul Chan Lee. 2020 . Exploring the Effectiveness of External Human-Machine Interfaces on Pedestrians and Drivers. In 12th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications . 65--68. Young Woo Kim, Jae Hyun Han, Yong Gu Ji, and Seul Chan Lee. 2020. Exploring the Effectiveness of External Human-Machine Interfaces on Pedestrians and Drivers. In 12th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications. 65--68."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/358916.361986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01426397.2011.652944"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17450100701797273"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"A bip, a beeeep, and a beep beep: How horns are sounded in chennai traffic. Research on Language and Social Interaction","author":"Laurier Eric","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eric Laurier , Daniel Mu\u00f1oz , Rebekah Miller , and Barry Brown . 2020. A bip, a beeeep, and a beep beep: How horns are sounded in chennai traffic. Research on Language and Social Interaction , Vol. 53 , 3 ( 2020 ), 341--356. Publisher : Taylor & Francis . Eric Laurier, Daniel Mu\u00f1oz, Rebekah Miller, and Barry Brown. 2020. A bip, a beeeep, and a beep beep: How horns are sounded in chennai traffic. Research on Language and Social Interaction , Vol. 53, 3 (2020), 341--356. Publisher: Taylor & Francis."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3342197.3344546"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-013-0178-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2015.2496823"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/289444.289505"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3174003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","volume-title":"Autonomous driving: technical, legal and social aspects","author":"Maurer Markus","unstructured":"Markus Maurer , J. Christian Gerdes , Barbara Lenz , and Hermann Winner . 2016. Autonomous driving: technical, legal and social aspects . Springer . http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=2965082 Markus Maurer, J. Christian Gerdes, Barbara Lenz, and Hermann Winner. 2016. Autonomous driving: technical, legal and social aspects. Springer. http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=2965082"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1206331213508679"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","volume-title":"Jordi Solsona Belenguer, and Hideaki Kuzuoka","author":"McMillan Donald","year":"2019","unstructured":"Donald McMillan , Barry Brown , Ikkaku Kawaguchi , Razan Jaber , Jordi Solsona Belenguer, and Hideaki Kuzuoka . 2019 . Designing with gaze: Tama--a gaze activated smart-speaker. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 3 , CSCW (2019), 1--26. Publisher : ACM New York, NY, USA. Donald McMillan, Barry Brown, Ikkaku Kawaguchi, Razan Jaber, Jordi Solsona Belenguer, and Hideaki Kuzuoka. 2019. Designing with gaze: Tama--a gaze activated smart-speaker. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 3, CSCW (2019), 1--26. Publisher: ACM New York, NY, USA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2785830.2785883"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","volume-title":"Gustav Markkula, Jim Uttley, Fanta Camara, Charles Fox, Andr\u00e9 Dietrich, Florian Weber, and Anna Schieben.","author":"Merat Natasha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Natasha Merat , Yee Mun Lee , Gustav Markkula, Jim Uttley, Fanta Camara, Charles Fox, Andr\u00e9 Dietrich, Florian Weber, and Anna Schieben. 2019 . How Do We Study Pedestrian Interaction with Automated Vehicles? Preliminary Findings from the European interACT Project. In Road Vehicle Automation 6 (Lecture Notes in Mobility ), , Gereon Meyer and Sven Beiker (Eds.). Springer International Publishing , 21--33. Natasha Merat, Yee Mun Lee, Gustav Markkula, Jim Uttley, Fanta Camara, Charles Fox, Andr\u00e9 Dietrich, Florian Weber, and Anna Schieben. 2019. How Do We Study Pedestrian Interaction with Automated Vehicles? Preliminary Findings from the European interACT Project. In Road Vehicle Automation 6 (Lecture Notes in Mobility ), , Gereon Meyer and Sven Beiker (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, 21--33."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.langcom.2018.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijal.12202"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2968219.2968561"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2019.2901817"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","volume-title":"Some conversational challenges of talking with machines. (Feb","author":"Reeves Stuart","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stuart Reeves . 2017. Some conversational challenges of talking with machines. (Feb . 2017 ). https:\/\/nottingham-repository.worktribe.com\/output\/844412 Stuart Reeves. 2017. Some conversational challenges of talking with machines. (Feb. 2017). https:\/\/nottingham-repository.worktribe.com\/output\/844412"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","volume-title":"Human-Vehicle Interfaces: The Power of Vehicle Movement Gestures in Human Road User Coordination. In Driving Assesment Conference","volume":"9","author":"Risto Malte","year":"2017","unstructured":"Malte Risto , Colleen Emmenegger , Erik Vinkhuyzen , Melissa Cefkin , and Jim Hollan . 2017 . Human-Vehicle Interfaces: The Power of Vehicle Movement Gestures in Human Road User Coordination. In Driving Assesment Conference , Vol. 9 . University of Iowa. tex.ids: risto_human-vehicle_ 2017. Malte Risto, Colleen Emmenegger, Erik Vinkhuyzen, Melissa Cefkin, and Jim Hollan. 2017. Human-Vehicle Interfaces: The Power of Vehicle Movement Gestures in Human Road User Coordination. In Driving Assesment Conference, Vol. 9. University of Iowa. tex.ids: risto_human-vehicle_2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","volume-title":"Schenkein","author":"Lincoln Ryave A.","year":"1974","unstructured":"A. Lincoln Ryave and James N . Schenkein . 1974 . Notes on the art of walking. In Ethnomethodology, , R. Turner (Ed.). Penguin , Harmondsworth, 265--74. A. Lincoln Ryave and James N. Schenkein. 1974. Notes on the art of walking. In Ethnomethodology, , R. Turner (Ed.). Penguin, Harmondsworth, 265--74."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AMC.2006.1631758"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","volume-title":"Lectures on conversation: vol 1 & 2","author":"Sacks Harvey","unstructured":"Harvey Sacks . 1995. Lectures on conversation: vol 1 & 2 . Vol. I and II. Basil Blackwell , Oxford . Harvey Sacks. 1995. Lectures on conversation: vol 1 & 2. Vol. I and II. Basil Blackwell, Oxford."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10514-018--9746--1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Robotics: Science and Systems Conference (RSS). https:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/e3e1\/a23e0096f8ca51b783812310d44673a3c89a.pdf","author":"Sadigh Dorsa","unstructured":"Dorsa Sadigh , Shankar Sastry , Sanjit A. Seshia , and Anca D. Dragan . 2016. Planning for autonomous cars that leverages effects on human actions . In Proceedings of the Robotics: Science and Systems Conference (RSS). https:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/e3e1\/a23e0096f8ca51b783812310d44673a3c89a.pdf Dorsa Sadigh, Shankar Sastry, Sanjit A. Seshia, and Anca D. Dragan. 2016. Planning for autonomous cars that leverages effects on human actions. In Proceedings of the Robotics: Science and Systems Conference (RSS). https:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/e3e1\/a23e0096f8ca51b783812310d44673a3c89a.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511791208"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","volume-title":"Implicit human computer interaction through context. Personal technologies","author":"Schmidt Albrecht","year":"2000","unstructured":"Albrecht Schmidt . 2000. Implicit human computer interaction through context. Personal technologies , Vol. 4 , 2--3 ( 2000 ), 191--199. Albrecht Schmidt. 2000. Implicit human computer interaction through context. Personal technologies, Vol. 4, 2--3 (2000), 191--199."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2696454.2696461"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","volume-title":"Sociologica","volume":"11","author":"Smith Robin James","year":"2017","unstructured":"Robin James Smith . 2017 . The practical organisation of space, interaction, and communication in and as the work of crossing a shared space intersection . Sociologica , Vol. 11 , 2 (2017). Robin James Smith. 2017. The practical organisation of space, interaction, and communication in and as the work of crossing a shared space intersection. Sociologica, Vol. 11, 2 (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","volume-title":"Tesla customers have driven 100 million miles with Autopilot active. The Verge (May","author":"Statt Nick","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nick Statt . 2016. Tesla customers have driven 100 million miles with Autopilot active. The Verge (May 2016 ). http:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2016\/5\/24\/11761098\/tesla-autopilot-self-driving-cars-100-million-miles tex.ids: nick_statt_tesla_2016, noauthor_tesla_nodate. Nick Statt. 2016. Tesla customers have driven 100 million miles with Autopilot active. The Verge (May 2016). http:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2016\/5\/24\/11761098\/tesla-autopilot-self-driving-cars-100-million-miles tex.ids: nick_statt_tesla_2016, noauthor_tesla_nodate."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","volume-title":"Robinson","author":"Stivers Tanya","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tanya Stivers and Jeffrey D . Robinson . 2006 . A preference for progressivity in interaction. Language in society, Vol. 35 , 3 (2006), 367--392. Tanya Stivers and Jeffrey D. Robinson. 2006. A preference for progressivity in interaction. Language in society, Vol. 35, 3 (2006), 367--392."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2953900"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/64.85919"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sebastian Thrun Michael Montemerlo and Andrei Aron. 2006. Probabilistic Terrain Analysis For High-Speed Desert Driving.. In Robotics: Science and Systems. 16--19. http:\/\/robots.stanford.edu\/papers\/thrun.mapping-Stanley.pdf  Sebastian Thrun Michael Montemerlo and Andrei Aron. 2006. Probabilistic Terrain Analysis For High-Speed Desert Driving.. In Robotics: Science and Systems. 16--19. http:\/\/robots.stanford.edu\/papers\/thrun.mapping-Stanley.pdf","DOI":"10.15607\/RSS.2006.II.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376759"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15607\/RSS.2006.II.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5449\/idslu-001103654"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3567555","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3567555","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T22:43:47Z","timestamp":1750286627000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3567555"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"GROUP","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3567555"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3567555","relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-0142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-0142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-12-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}