{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T15:18:44Z","timestamp":1777735124660,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":255,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]],"date-time":"2023-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2020AAA0106000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020AAA0106000"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U19A2079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19A2079"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2021TQ0027 and 2022M710006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021TQ0027 and 2022M710006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Recomm. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Recommender system is one of the most important information services on today\u2019s Internet. Recently, graph neural networks have become the new state-of-the-art approach to recommender systems. In this survey, we conduct a comprehensive review of the literature on graph neural network-based recommender systems. We first introduce the background and the history of the development of both recommender systems and graph neural networks. For recommender systems, in general, there are four aspects for categorizing existing works: stage, scenario, objective, and application. For graph neural networks, the existing methods consist of two categories: spectral models and spatial ones. We then discuss the motivation of applying graph neural networks into recommender systems, mainly consisting of the high-order connectivity, the structural property of data and the enhanced supervision signal. We then systematically analyze the challenges in graph construction, embedding propagation\/aggregation, model optimization, and computation efficiency. Afterward and primarily, we provide a comprehensive overview of a multitude of existing works of graph neural network-based recommender systems, following the taxonomy above. Finally, we raise discussions on the open problems and promising future directions in this area. We summarize the representative papers along with their code repositories in\n            <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"url\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/tsinghua-fib-lab\/GNN-Recommender-Systems\">https:\/\/github.com\/tsinghua-fib-lab\/GNN-Recommender-Systems<\/jats:ext-link>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3568022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,14]],"date-time":"2023-01-14T02:50:49Z","timestamp":1673664649000},"page":"1-51","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":615,"title":["A Survey of Graph Neural Networks for Recommender Systems: Challenges, Methods, and Directions"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"1","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7561-5646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1837-6730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4689-2289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6820-8295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yinfeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2136-1193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingrong","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2256-4256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinghua","family":"Piao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9257-9109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuhan","family":"Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7886-9238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianxin","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0419-5514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Depeng","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8472-7992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangnan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5617-1659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, China"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3477141"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3109859.3109912"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the RecSys Workshop on Recommendation in Multistakeholder Environments (RMSE)","author":"Abdollahpouri Himan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Himan Abdollahpouri, Masoud Mansoury, Robin Burke, and Bamshad Mobasher. 2019. 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