{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T04:32:41Z","timestamp":1773376361182,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":56,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Wallenberg Al, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP) funded by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation"},{"name":"Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research","award":["SSF FFL18-0199"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SSF FFL18-0199"]}]},{"name":"Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program?Humanities and Society (WASP-HS), funded by the Marianne and Marcus Wallenberg Foundation and the Marcus and Amalia Wallenberg Foundation."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3568294.3580032","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]],"date-time":"2023-03-08T18:51:31Z","timestamp":1678301491000},"page":"11-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["How Did We Miss This?"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6191-3127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Parreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7130-0826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Gillet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3309-3552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katie","family":"Winkle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2212-4325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iolanda","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Ethics of Data and Analytics","author":"Angwin Julia","unstructured":"Julia Angwin, Jeff Larson, Surya Mattu, and Lauren Kirchner. 2016. Machine bias. In Ethics of Data and Analytics. Auerbach Publications, 254--264."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2013.48"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Race After Technology: Abolitionist Tools for the New Jim Code","author":"Benjamin Ruha","unstructured":"Ruha Benjamin. 2019. Race After Technology: Abolitionist Tools for the New Jim Code. Polity."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0271--5309(88)90016-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frai"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Conference on fairness, accountability and transparency. PMLR, 77--91","author":"Buolamwini Joy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Joy Buolamwini and Timnit Gebru. 2018. Gender shades: Intersectional accuracy disparities in commercial gender classification. In Conference on fairness, accountability and transparency. PMLR, 77--91."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10579-008-9076-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2909824.3020208"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Ethics of Data and Analytics","author":"Dastin Jeffrey","unstructured":"Jeffrey Dastin. 2018. Amazon scraps secret AI recruiting tool that showed bias against women. In Ethics of Data and Analytics. Auerbach Publications, 296--299."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20539517211044808"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1458024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Interdisciplinary Workshop on Feedback Behaviors in Dialog","author":"de Kok I.A.","year":"2012","unstructured":"I.A. de Kok and Dirk K.J. Heylen. 2012. A Survey on Evaluation Metrics for Backchannel Prediction Models. In Proceedings of the Interdisciplinary Workshop on Feedback Behaviors in Dialog. University of Texas, 15--18. null; Conference date: 07-09-2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2522848.2522866"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Young","author":"Dudek Skyla Y.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Skyla Y. Dudek and James E. Young. 2022. Fluid Sex Robots: Looking to the 2LGBTQIA Community to Shape the Future of Sex Robots. In Proceedings of the 2022 ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI '22). IEEE Press, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan, 746--749."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/503376.503385"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/365024.365121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Papers of the Sixth Regional Meeting of Chicago Linguistic Society, 567--577","author":"Yngve Victor H.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Victor H. Yngve. 1970. On getting a word in edgewise. Papers of the Sixth Regional Meeting of Chicago Linguistic Society, 567--577."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110238150.639"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kohei Hara Koji Inoue Katsuya Takanashi and Tatsuya Kawahara. 2016. Predic- tion of Turn-taking Using Multitask Learning with Prediction of Backchannels and Fillers. In INTERSPEECH. 991--995.","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2018-1442"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RO-MAN53752.2022.9900673"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hung-Hsuan Huang Masato Fukuda and Toyoaki Nishida. 2019. Toward RNN Based Micro Non-verbal Behavior Generation for Virtual Listener Agents. 53--63. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-21902-4_5","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-21902-4_5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Explaining the Variability of Human Nonverbal Behaviors in Face-to-Face Interaction","author":"Huang Lixing","unstructured":"Lixing Huang and Jonathan Gratch. 2013. Explaining the Variability of Human Nonverbal Behaviors in Face-to-Face Interaction. In Intelligent Virtual Agents, Ruth Aylett, Brigitte Krenn, Catherine Pelachaud, and Hiroshi Shimodaira (Eds.). Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 275--284."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Intelligent Virtual Agents, Hannes H\u00f6gni Vilhj\u00e1lmsson, Stefan Kopp, Stacy Marsella, and Kristinn R","author":"Huang Lixing","unstructured":"Lixing Huang, Louis-Philippe Morency, and Jonathan Gratch. 2011. Virtual Rapport 2.0. In Intelligent Virtual Agents, Hannes H\u00f6gni Vilhj\u00e1lmsson, Stefan Kopp, Stacy Marsella, and Kristinn R. Th\u00f3risson (Eds.). Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 68--79."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"The Pragmatic Programmer: From Journeyman to Master","author":"Hunt Andrew","unstructured":"Andrew Hunt and David Thomas. 2000. The Pragmatic Programmer: From Journeyman to Master. Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc., USA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nusrah Hussain Engin Erzin T. Metin Sezgin and Yucel Yemez. 2019. Batch Recurrent Q-Learning for Backchannel Generation Towards Engaging Agents. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/ARXIV.1908.02037","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.1908.02037"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445449"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tatsuya Kawahara Takashi Yamaguchi Koji Inoue Katsuya Takanashi and Nigel Ward. 2016. Prediction and Generation of Backchannel Form for Attentive Listening Systems. 2890--2894. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21437\/Interspeech.2016--118","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2016--118"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/1864-9335\/a000441"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Metacognitive strategies that enhance critical thinking. Metacognition and Learning 5 (05","author":"Ku Kelly","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kelly Ku and Irene Ho. 2014. Metacognitive strategies that enhance critical thinking. Metacognition and Learning 5 (05 2014), 251--267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10. 1007\/s11409-010-9060-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-011-0207-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaspar Isaac Melsi\u00f3n Ilaria Torre Eva Vidal and Iolanda Leite. 2021. Using Explainability to Help Children Understand Gender Bias in AI. In Interaction Design and Children. 87--99.","DOI":"10.1145\/3459990.3460719"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10458-009-9092-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0261927X95143005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"Human-Computer Interaction: Interaction Technologies","author":"Mueller Markus","unstructured":"Markus Mueller, David Leuschner, Lars Briem, Maria Schmidt, Kevin Kilgour, Sebastian Stueker, and Alex Waibel. 2015. Using Neural Networks for Data-Driven Backchannel Prediction: A Survey on Input Features and Training Techniques. In Human-Computer Interaction: Interaction Technologies, Masaaki Kurosu (Ed.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 329--340."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009365098025006004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th Conference on Robot Learning (Proceedings of Machine Learning Research","volume":"525","author":"Murray Michael","year":"2022","unstructured":"Michael Murray, Nick Walker, Amal Nanavati, Patricia Alves-Oliveira, Nikita Fil- ippov, Allison Sauppe, Bilge Mutlu, and Maya Cakmak. 2022. Learning Backchanneling Behaviors for a Social Robot via Data Augmentation from Human-Human Conversations. In Proceedings of the 5th Conference on Robot Learning (Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, Vol. 164), Aleksandra Faust, David Hsu, and Gerhard Neumann (Eds.). PMLR, 513--525. https:\/\/proceedings.mlr.press\/v164\/ murray22a.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12193-012-0108-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2021.555913"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IVTTA.1996.552766"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2912150"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maria Teresa Parreira Sarah Gillet and Iolanda Leite. 2023. Robot Duck Debug- ging: Can Attentive Listening Improve Problem Solving? https:\/\/doi.org\/10. 48550\/ARXIV.2301.06511","DOI":"10.1145\/3577190.3614160"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HRI53351.2022.9889366"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1889075.1889094"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","unstructured":"Shahverdi Pourya Alexander Tyshka Madeline Trombly and Wing-Yue Geoffrey Louie. 2022. Learning Turn-Taking Behavior from Human Demonstrations for Social Human-Robot Interactions. https:\/\/static1.squarespace.com\/static\/597e827817bffc7a49fdfe42\/t\/62c5dd3c6583da2e20eee288\/1657134414880\/IROS_2022.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8309.1987.tb00786.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.45.3.700"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3340555.3353742"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-92108-2_25"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Iulian Vlad Serban Ryan Lowe Peter Henderson Laurent Charlin and Joelle Pineau. 2015. A Survey of Available Corpora for Building Data-Driven Dialogue Systems. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/ARXIV.1512.05742","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.1512.05742"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCSE.2016.45"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","volume-title":"The Smart Wife: Why Siri, Alexa, and Other Smart Home Devices Need a Feminist Reboot","author":"Strengers Yolande","unstructured":"Yolande Strengers and Jenny Kennedy. 2020. The Smart Wife: Why Siri, Alexa, and Other Smart Home Devices Need a Feminist Reboot. MIT Press. Google-Books-ID: 9s7tDwAAQBAJ."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of Interspeech 2010. International Speech Communication Association (ISCA), 3058--3061. http:\/\/www.interspeech2010.jpn.org\/ null ; Conference date: 26-09--2010 Through 30-09--2010","author":"Truong Khiet Phuong","unstructured":"Khiet Phuong Truong, Ronald Walter Poppe, and Dirk K.J. Heylen. 2010. A rule-based backchannel prediction model using pitch and pause information. In Proceedings of Interspeech 2010. International Speech Communication Association (ISCA), 3058--3061. http:\/\/www.interspeech2010.jpn.org\/ null ; Conference date: 26-09--2010 Through 30-09--2010."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-2166(99)00109-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","unstructured":"Mark West Rebecca Kraut and Han Ei Chew. 2019. I'd blush if I could: closing gender divides in digital skills through education. Technical Report. https:\/\/ unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000367416.page=1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3571718"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3434074.3446910"}],"event":{"name":"HRI '23: ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction","location":"Stockholm Sweden","acronym":"HRI '23","sponsor":["SIGAI ACM Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence","SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Companion of the 2023 ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3568294.3580032","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3568294.3580032","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T22:55:59Z","timestamp":1755816959000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3568294.3580032"}},"subtitle":["A Case Study on Unintended Biases in Robot Social Behavior"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3568294.3580032","10.1145\/3568294"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3568294.3580032","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-03-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}