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ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death worldwide. Cigarette smoke includes thousands of chemicals that are harmful and cause tobacco-related diseases. To date, the causality between human exposure to specific compounds and the harmful effects is unknown. A first step in closing the gap in knowledge has been measuring smoking topography, or how the smoker smokes the cigarette (puffs, puff volume, and duration). However, current gold-standard approaches to smoking topography involve expensive, bulky, and obtrusive sensor devices, creating unnatural smoking behavior and preventing their potential for real-time interventions in the wild. Although motion-based wearable sensors and their corresponding machine-learned models have shown promise in unobtrusively tracking smoking gestures, they are notorious for confounding smoking with other similar hand-to-mouth gestures such as eating and drinking. In this paper, we present SmokeMon, a chest-worn thermal-sensing wearable system that can capture spatial, temporal, and thermal information around the wearer and cigarette all day to unobtrusively and passively detect smoking events. We also developed a deep learning--based framework to extract puffs and smoking topography. We evaluate SmokeMon in both controlled and free-living experiments with a total of 19 participants, more than 110 hours of data, and 115 smoking sessions achieving an F1-score of 0.9 for puff detection in the laboratory and 0.8 in the wild. By providing SmokeMon as an open platform, we provide measurement of smoking topography in free-living settings to enable testing of smoking topography in the real world, with potential to facilitate timely smoking cessation interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3569460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T15:34:01Z","timestamp":1673451241000},"page":"1-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["SmokeMon"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0789-7805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rawan","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University, Chicago, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7898-3957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soroush","family":"Shahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University, Chicago, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6461-1984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefany","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University, Evanston, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9872-002X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lingfeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University, Evanston, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2466-0025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sougata","family":"Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Pilani, Goa, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5742-6529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahdi","family":"Pedram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University, Chicago, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3647-2934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University, Chicago, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1680-085X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josiah","family":"Hester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4554-0070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aggelos K.","family":"Katsaggelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University, Chicago, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6681-7564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nabil","family":"Alshurafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University, Chicago, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"2020. 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