{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:46:47Z","timestamp":1787017607295,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006785","name":"Google","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006785","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["NSF EDA-2009977"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSF EDA-2009977"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>During the COVID-19 pandemic, risk negotiation became an important precursor to in-person contact. For young adults, social planning generally occurs through computer-mediated communication. Given the importance of social connectedness for mental health and academic engagement, we sought to understand how young adults plan in-person meetups over computer-mediated communication in the context of the pandemic. We present a qualitative study that explores young adults\u2019 risk negotiation during the COVID-19 pandemic, a period of conflicting public health guidance. Inspired by cultural probe studies, we invited participants to express their preferred precautions for one week as they planned in-person meetups. We interviewed and surveyed participants about their experiences. Through qualitative analysis, we identify strategies for risk negotiation, social complexities that impede risk negotiation, and emotional consequences of risk negotiation. Our findings have implications for AI-mediated support for risk negotiation and assertive communication more generally. We explore tensions between risks and potential benefits of such systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3569938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T05:57:54Z","timestamp":1668146274000},"page":"1-31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["\u201cI Just Wanted to Triple Check\u2026 They were all Vaccinated\u201d: Supporting Risk Negotiation in the Context of COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8925-9718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margaret E.","family":"Morris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Information School, University of Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8856-784X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5091-6349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"S. nurius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, University of Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4549-3422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Savanna","family":"Yee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9235-5324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer C.","family":"Mankoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5337-328X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunny","family":"Consolvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017094"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obhdp.2012.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/spc3.12317"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.117.3.497"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2018.1428849"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Inventive Methods","author":"Boehner Kirsten","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kirsten Boehner, William Gaver, and Andy Boucher. 2012. Probes. In Proceedings of the Inventive Methods. Routledge."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1240624.1240789"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2022.100564"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","volume-title":"Asserting Yourself: A Practical Guide for Positive Change","author":"Bower Sharon Anthony","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sharon Anthony Bower and Gordon H. Bower. 2004. Asserting Yourself: A Practical Guide for Positive Change (Updated ed., 1st Da Capo Press ed ed.). Da Capo Life Long, Cambridge, MA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obhdp.2006.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0361684312455524"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732313505712"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1460563.1460609"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-3514.76.6.893"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1473325020973333"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","first-page":"1181","article-title":"Why wouldn't someone think of democracy as a target?\u201d: Security practices & challenges of people involved with U.S","author":"Consolvo Sunny","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sunny Consolvo, Patrick Gage Kelley, Tara Matthews, Kurt Thomas, Lee Dunn, and Elie Bursztein. 2021. \u201cWhy wouldn't someone think of democracy as a target?\u201d: Security practices & challenges of people involved with U.S. Political Campaigns. 1181\u20131198. Retrieved May 18, 2022 from https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/usenixsecurity21\/presentation\/consolvo.","journal-title":"Political Campaigns"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13698570701488936"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/hrbopenres.13295.2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12119-014-9249-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1753326.1753597"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/forefront.20220411.655787"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2012520117"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/291224.291235"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2007.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10572252.2021.1930185"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Multidimensional risk communication: Public discourse on risks during an emerging epidemic","author":"Gui Xinning","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xinning Gui, Yubo Kou, Kathleen Pine, Elisa Ladaw, Harold Kim, Eli Suzuki-Gill, and Yunan Chen. 2018. Multidimensional risk communication: Public discourse on risks during an emerging epidemic. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'18, Montreal QC, Canada), 1\u201314.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'18, Montreal QC, Canada)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jcmc\/zmz022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-010-9210-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300469"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3460112.3471955"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/jhe.0.0019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","article-title":"WHO urges vaccinated people to wear masks; CDC still says no need","author":"Lewis Tanya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tanya Lewis. 2022. WHO urges vaccinated people to wear masks; CDC still says no need. Scientific American. Retrieved April 22, 2022 from https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/who-urges-vaccinated-people-to-wear-masks-cdc-still-says-no-need\/.","journal-title":"Scientific American"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1918896117"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3359174","article-title":"Reliability and inter-rater reliability in qualitative research: Norms and guidelines for CSCW and HCI practice","volume":"3","author":"McDonald Nora","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nora McDonald, Sarita Schoenebeck, and Andrea Forte. 2019. Reliability and inter-rater reliability in qualitative research: Norms and guidelines for CSCW and HCI practice. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 3, CSCW (2019), 1\u201323.","journal-title":"Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0251580"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jibs.8490050"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198115596168"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0887044021000030580"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2020.0685"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","volume-title":"Crucial Conversations: Tools for Talking when Stakes are High","author":"Patterson Kerry","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kerry Patterson (Ed.). 2012. Crucial Conversations: Tools for Talking when Stakes are High (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill, New York.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2013.868861"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-021-00396-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445051"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emospa.2010.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/sgd0000510"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2010.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","volume-title":"The New York Times","author":"Rogers Katie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Katie Rogers, Lara Jakes, and Ana Swanson. 2020. Trump defends using \u2018chinese virus\u2019 label, ignoring growing criticism. The New York Times. Retrieved September 9, 2022 from https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/03\/18\/us\/politics\/china-virus.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.201199"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","article-title":"Confused by CDC's latest mask guidance? Here's what we've learned","author":"Simmons-Duffin Selena","year":"2021","unstructured":"Selena Simmons-Duffin. 2021. Confused by CDC's latest mask guidance? Here's what we've learned. NPR. Retrieved April 22, 2022 from https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/health-shots\/2021\/05\/14\/996879305\/confused-by-cdcs-latest-mask-guidance-heres-what-weve-learned.","journal-title":"NPR"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","unstructured":"Douglas Stone Bruce Patton and Sheila Heen. 2010. Difficult Conversations: How to Discuss What Matters Most . [updated with answers to the 10 most frequently asked questions about difficult conversation] ((2nd ed.) 10. anniversary ed ed.). Penguin Books New York London."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","volume-title":"The Seattle Times","author":"Tang Terry","year":"2021","unstructured":"Terry Tang. 2021. More than 9,000 anti-Asian incidents since pandemic began. The Seattle Times. Retrieved September 9, 2022 from https:\/\/www.seattletimes.com\/nation-world\/nation\/more-than-9000-anti-asian-incidents-since-pandemic-began\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","volume-title":"Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness","author":"Thaler Richard H.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Richard H. Thaler and Cass R. Sunstein. 2009. Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness (Rev. and expanded ed ed.). Penguin Books, New York."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098214005283748"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03036758.2020.1865417"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","article-title":"Opinion | The C.D.C. needs to stop confusing the public","author":"Tufekci Zeynep","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zeynep Tufekci. 2021. Opinion | The C.D.C. needs to stop confusing the public. The New York Times. Retrieved April 22, 2022 from https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/08\/04\/opinion\/cdc-covid-guidelines.html.","journal-title":"The New York Times"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009365096023001001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.92.1.82"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1198364"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00027642211050902"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3274459"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","unstructured":"NY State Excelsior Pass. Retrieved August 30 2021 from https:\/\/epass.ny.gov\/home."}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3569938","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3569938","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T14:07:51Z","timestamp":1750169271000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3569938"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3569938"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3569938","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-0516","1557-7325"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-0516","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7325","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-11-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}