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ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hand-grip strength is widely used to estimate muscle strength and it serves as a general indicator of the overall health of a person, particularly in aging adults. Hand-grip strength is typically estimated using dynamometers or specialized force resistant pressure sensors embedded onto objects. Both of these solutions require the user to interact with a dedicated measurement device which unnecessarily restricts the contexts where estimates are acquired. We contribute HIPPO, a novel non-intrusive and opportunistic method for estimating hand-grip strength from everyday interactions with objects. HIPPO re-purposes light sensors available in wearables (e.g., rings or gloves) to capture changes in light reflectivity when people interact with objects. This allows HIPPO to non-intrusively piggyback everyday interactions for health information without affecting the user's everyday routines. We present two prototypes integrating HIPPO, an early smart glove proof-of-concept, and a further optimized solution that uses sensors integrated onto a ring. We validate HIPPO through extensive experiments and compare HIPPO against three baselines, including a clinical dynamometer. Our results show that HIPPO operates robustly across a wide range of everyday objects, and participants. The force strength estimates correlate with estimates produced by pressure-based devices, and can also determine the correct hand grip strength category with up to 86% accuracy. Our findings also suggest that users prefer our approach to existing solutions as HIPPO blends the estimation with everyday interactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3570344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T15:34:01Z","timestamp":1673451241000},"page":"1-30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["HIPPO"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4583-9745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhigang","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6496-1562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohan","family":"Liyanage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5336-1438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdul-Rasheed","family":"Ottun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1636-1607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Souvik","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6481-3559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agustin","family":"Zuniga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8262-6434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petteri","family":"Nurmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4551-629X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huber","family":"Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232021"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/026921500673950113"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3193025.3193036"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3414\/ME09-02-0044"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2019.100456"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S194543"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1197\/j.jht.2005.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k1651"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmcj.2022.101625"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/S19204575"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"290","article-title":"Influence of different testing postures on hand grip strength","volume":"10","author":"El-Sais Walaa M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Walaa M El-Sais and Walaa S Mohammad. 2014. 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