{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T00:05:42Z","timestamp":1755907542161,"version":"3.44.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":50,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3570773.3570833","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T15:57:42Z","timestamp":1670601462000},"page":"231-238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Analysis of Tiotropium bromide and Roflumilast: Two Potent Medications for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5733-4103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanzi","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, United Kingdom"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","first-page":"170","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (revised version 2021)","volume":"44","author":"COPD Group","year":"2021","unstructured":"COPD Group, Respiratory Branch of Chinese Medical Association, COPD Committee of Chinese Medical Doctor Association Respiratory Physician Branch. (2021). Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (revised version 2021). Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, 44(3), 170-205.","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","first-page":"217","article-title":"Status and countermeasure of COPD early screening and diagnosis","volume":"4","author":"Wang L.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, L. and Chen, R. (2022). Status and countermeasure of COPD early screening and diagnosis. Chinese Journal of Health Management, 4, 217-221.","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Health Management"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"2022 GOLD Reports. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease - GOLD. https:\/\/goldcopd.org\/2022-gold-reports-2\/","author":"GOLD.","year":"2022","unstructured":"GOLD. (2022). 2022 GOLD Reports. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease - GOLD. https:\/\/goldcopd.org\/2022-gold-reports-2\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Evaluation and Management. The Medical clinics of North America, 103(3), 453\u2013461","author":"Duffy S. P.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Duffy, S. P. and Criner, G. J. (2019). Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Evaluation and Management. The Medical clinics of North America, 103(3), 453\u2013461."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Rang & Dale's Pharmacology","author":"Ritter J.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ritter, J., Flower, R., Henderson, G., Loke, Y. K., MacEwan, D. and Rang, H. (2014). Rang & Dale's Pharmacology. Elsevier Churchill Livingstone., London."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Update on roflumilast, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. British journal of pharmacology, 163(1), 53\u201367","author":"Rabe K. F.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rabe K. F. (2011). Update on roflumilast, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. British journal of pharmacology, 163(1), 53\u201367."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"ITC17\u2013ITC32.","author":"Labaki W. W.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Labaki, W. W. and Rosenberg, S. R. (2020). Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Annals of internal medicine, 173(3), ITC17\u2013ITC32."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"National Center for Biotechnology Information","year":"2022","unstructured":"[8] National Center for Biotechnology Information (2022). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 5487426, Tiotropium bromide. Retrieved May 20, 2022 from https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/Tiotropium-bromide."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200409-045MS"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10867"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Second M3 muscarinic receptor binding site contributes to bronchoprotection by tiotropium. British journal of pharmacology, 176(16), 2864\u20132876","author":"Kistemaker L.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kistemaker, L., Elzinga, C., Tautermann, C. S., Pieper, M. P., Seeliger, D., Alikhil, S., Schmidt, M., Meurs, H. and Gosens, R. (2019). Second M3 muscarinic receptor binding site contributes to bronchoprotection by tiotropium. British journal of pharmacology, 176(16), 2864\u20132876."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm401219y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor X-ray structures: potential implications for drug development. Current opinion in pharmacology, 16, 24\u201330","author":"Kruse A. C.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kruse, A. C., Hu, J., Kobilka, B. K. and Wess, J. (2014). Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor X-ray structures: potential implications for drug development. Current opinion in pharmacology, 16, 24\u201330."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S28576"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.122.1.47"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Improved health outcomes in patients with COPD during 1 yr's treatment with tiotropium. The European respiratory journal, 19(2), 209\u2013216","author":"Vincken W.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Vincken, W., van Noord, J. A., Greefhorst, A. P., Bantje, T. A., Kesten, S., Korducki, L., Cornelissen, P. J. and Dutch\/Belgian Tiotropium Study Group (2002). Improved health outcomes in patients with COPD during 1 yr's treatment with tiotropium. The European respiratory journal, 19(2), 209\u2013216."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Tiotropium Bromide Attenuates Mucus Hypersecretion in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Computational and mathematical methods in medicine","author":"Yu S.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu, S., Zhang, C., Yan, Z., Fang, Q. and Gao, X. (2021). Tiotropium Bromide Attenuates Mucus Hypersecretion in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Computational and mathematical methods in medicine, 2021, 1341644."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","first-page":"383","article-title":"Research progress on mechanism of tiotropium bromide in treatment of COPD","volume":"35","author":"Ding H.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ding, H., Yi, Z., Liu, H. and Xu, Y. (2020). Research progress on mechanism of tiotropium bromide in treatment of COPD. Drugs & Clinic, 35(2), 383-386.","journal-title":"Drugs & Clinic"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Inhibition of granulocyte migration by tiotropium bromide. Respiratory research, 12(1), 24","author":"Vacca G.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vacca, G., Randerath, W. J. and Gillissen, A. (2011). Inhibition of granulocyte migration by tiotropium bromide. Respiratory research, 12(1), 24."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S176122"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2011.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bouhajib M. and Tayab Z. (2019). An evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of tiotropium following a single-dose inhalation in healthy subjects using an ultra-sensitive bioanalytical method. Drug development and industrial pharmacy 45(12) 1915\u20131920.","DOI":"10.1080\/03639045.2019.1680993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Tiotropium bromide. A review of its use as maintenance therapy in patients with COPD. Treatments in respiratory medicine, 3(4), 247\u2013268","author":"Keam S. J.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Keam, S. J. and Keating, G. M. (2004). Tiotropium bromide. A review of its use as maintenance therapy in patients with COPD. Treatments in respiratory medicine, 3(4), 247\u2013268."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Tiotropium bromide: an update. The open respiratory medicine journal, 3, 43\u201352","author":"Heredia J. L.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Heredia J. L. (2009). Tiotropium bromide: an update. The open respiratory medicine journal, 3, 43\u201352."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Inhaled tiotropium bromide and risk of stroke. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 68(5), 731\u2013736","author":"Grosso A.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Grosso, A., Douglas, I., Hingorani, A. D., MacAllister, R., Hubbard, R. and Smeeth, L. (2009). Inhaled tiotropium bromide and risk of stroke. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 68(5), 731\u2013736."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Safety and pharmacological profile of tiotropium bromide. Expert opinion on drug safety, 8(3), 387\u2013395","author":"Santus P.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Santus, P. and Di Marco, F. (2009). Safety and pharmacological profile of tiotropium bromide. Expert opinion on drug safety, 8(3), 387\u2013395."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","first-page":"981","article-title":"Cost- effectiveness analysis of tiotropium bromide and ipratropium bromide in patients with COPD","volume":"35","author":"Shi R.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shi, R., Li, C., Ren, Y., Cheng, L., Li, L. and Zhao, K. (2015). Cost- effectiveness analysis of tiotropium bromide and ipratropium bromide in patients with COPD. Chin Hosp Pharm J, 35, 981-985.","journal-title":"Chin Hosp Pharm J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Which long-acting bronchodilator is most cost-effective for the treatment of COPD?. The Netherlands journal of medicine, 70(8), 357\u2013364","author":"Hoogendoorn M.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hoogendoorn, M., Kappelhoff, B. S., Overbeek, J. A., Wouters, E. F. and Rutten-van M\u00f6lken, M. P. (2012). Which long-acting bronchodilator is most cost-effective for the treatment of COPD?. The Netherlands journal of medicine, 70(8), 357\u2013364."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Roflumilast. Retrieved","author":"National Center for Biotechnology Information","year":"2022","unstructured":"National Center for Biotechnology Information (2022). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 449193, Roflumilast. Retrieved May 24, 2022 from https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/Roflumilast."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Patent analysis of roflumilast synthetic route","volume":"52","author":"Li X.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, X. (2021). Patent analysis of roflumilast synthetic route. Zhejiang Chemical Industry, 52(1), 17-21.","journal-title":"Zhejiang Chemical Industry"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Roflumilast: first phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor approved for treatment of COPD. Drug design, development and therapy, 4, 147\u2013158","author":"Giembycz M. A.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Giembycz, M. A. and Field, S. K. (2010). Roflumilast: first phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor approved for treatment of COPD. Drug design, development and therapy, 4, 147\u2013158."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) superfamily: a new target for the development of specific therapeutic agents. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 109(3), 366\u2013398","author":"Lugnier C.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lugnier C. (2006). Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) superfamily: a new target for the development of specific therapeutic agents. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 109(3), 366\u2013398."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2004.01.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3901211"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"England","author":"Card G. L.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Card, G. L., England, B. P., Suzuki, Y., Fong, D., Powell, B., Lee, B., Luu, C., Tabrizizad, M., Gillette, S., Ibrahim, P. N., Artis, D. R., Bollag, G., Milburn, M. V., Kim, S. H., Schlessinger, J. and Zhang, K. Y. (2004). Structural basis for the activity of drugs that inhibit phosphodiesterases. Structure (London, England: 1993), 12(12), 2233\u20132247."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases. Frontiers in pharmacology, 9, 1048","author":"Li H.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li, H., Zuo, J. and Tang, W. (2018). Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases. Frontiers in pharmacology, 9, 1048."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"Mediators of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pharmacological reviews, 56(4), 515\u2013548","author":"Barnes P. J.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Barnes P. J. (2004). Mediators of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pharmacological reviews, 56(4), 515\u2013548."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)29537-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.075937"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buenestado A. Grassin-Delyle S. Guitard F. Naline E. Faisy C. Isra\u00ebl-Biet D. Sage E. Bellamy J. F. Tenor H. and Devillier P. (2012). Roflumilast inhibits the release of chemokines and TNF-\u03b1 from human lung macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. British journal of pharmacology 165(6) 1877\u20131890.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01667.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0074640"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"L959\u2013L969.","author":"Togo S.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Togo, S., Liu, X., Wang, X., Sugiura, H., Kamio, K., Kawasaki, S., Kobayashi, T., Ertl, R. F., Ahn, Y., Holz, O., Magnussen, H., Fredriksson, K., Skold, C. M. and Rennard, S. I. (2009). PDE4 inhibitors roflumilast and rolipram augment PGE2 inhibition of TGF-\u03b21-stimulated fibroblasts. American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology, 296(6), L959\u2013L969."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000009864"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61252-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","volume-title":"Pharmacokinetic evaluation of roflumilast. Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology, 7(12), 1577\u20131591","author":"Lahu G.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lahu, G., Nassr, N. and H\u00fcnnemeyer, A. (2011). Pharmacokinetic evaluation of roflumilast. Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology, 7(12), 1577\u20131591."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","volume-title":"Drug safety evaluation of roflumilast for the treatment of COPD: a meta-analysis. Expert opinion on drug safety, 15(8), 1133\u20131146","author":"Rogliani P.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rogliani, P., Calzetta, L., Cazzola, M. and Matera, M. G. (2016). Drug safety evaluation of roflumilast for the treatment of COPD: a meta-analysis. Expert opinion on drug safety, 15(8), 1133\u20131146."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S106370"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samyshkin Y. Kotchie R. W. M\u00f6rk A. C. Briggs A. H. and Bateman E. D. (2014). Cost-effectiveness of roflumilast as an add-on treatment to long-acting bronchodilators in the treatment of COPD associated with chronic bronchitis in the United Kingdom. The European journal of health economics: HEPAC: health economics in prevention and care 15(1) 69\u201382.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-013-0456-5"}],"event":{"name":"ISAIMS 2022: 2022 3rd International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence for Medicine Sciences","acronym":"ISAIMS 2022","location":"Amsterdam Netherlands"},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence for Medicine Sciences"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3570773.3570833","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3570773.3570833","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T06:50:00Z","timestamp":1755845400000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3570773.3570833"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3570773.3570833","10.1145\/3570773"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3570773.3570833","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-12-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}