{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T17:42:23Z","timestamp":1776879743437,"version":"3.51.2"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":48,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3577190.3614113","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,7]],"date-time":"2023-10-07T22:30:48Z","timestamp":1696717848000},"page":"190-197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["EEG-based Cognitive Load Classification using Feature Masked Autoencoding and Emotion Transfer Learning"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0173-8321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dustin","family":"Pulver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen's University, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9737-7010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prithila","family":"Angkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen's University, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1999-3101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Hungler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen's University, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7128-0220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Etemad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen's University, Canada"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00636"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Prithila Angkan Behnam Behinaein Zunayed Mahmud Anubhav Bhatti Dirk Rodenburg Paul Hungler and Ali Etemad. 2023. Multimodal Brain-Computer Interface for In-Vehicle Driver Cognitive Load Measurement: Dataset and Baselines. arxiv:2304.04273\u00a0[cs.LG]  Prithila Angkan Behnam Behinaein Zunayed Mahmud Anubhav Bhatti Dirk Rodenburg Paul Hungler and Ali Etemad. 2023. Multimodal Brain-Computer Interface for In-Vehicle Driver Cognitive Load Measurement: Dataset and Baselines. arxiv:2304.04273\u00a0[cs.LG]"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Using electroencephalography to measure cognitive load. Educational psychology review 22","author":"Antonenko Pavlo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pavlo Antonenko , Fred Paas , Roland Grabner , and Tamara Van\u00a0Gog . 2010. Using electroencephalography to measure cognitive load. Educational psychology review 22 ( 2010 ), 425\u2013438. Pavlo Antonenko, Fred Paas, Roland Grabner, and Tamara Van\u00a0Gog. 2010. Using electroencephalography to measure cognitive load. Educational psychology review 22 (2010), 425\u2013438."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3460421.3480427"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Distracted worker: Using pupil size and blink rate to detect cognitive load during manufacturing tasks. Applied ergonomics 106","author":"Biondi N","year":"2023","unstructured":"Francesco\u00a0 N Biondi , Babak Saberi , Frida Graf , Joel Cort , Prarthana Pillai , and Balakumar Balasingam . 2023. Distracted worker: Using pupil size and blink rate to detect cognitive load during manufacturing tasks. Applied ergonomics 106 ( 2023 ), 103867. Francesco\u00a0N Biondi, Babak Saberi, Frida Graf, Joel Cort, Prarthana Pillai, and Balakumar Balasingam. 2023. Distracted worker: Using pupil size and blink rate to detect cognitive load during manufacturing tasks. Applied ergonomics 106 (2023), 103867."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Language models are few-shot learners. Advances in neural information processing systems 33","author":"Brown Tom","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tom Brown , Benjamin Mann , Nick Ryder , Melanie Subbiah , Jared\u00a0 D Kaplan , Prafulla Dhariwal , Arvind Neelakantan , Pranav Shyam , Girish Sastry , Amanda Askell , 2020. Language models are few-shot learners. Advances in neural information processing systems 33 ( 2020 ), 1877\u20131901. Tom Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah, Jared\u00a0D Kaplan, Prafulla Dhariwal, Arvind Neelakantan, Pranav Shyam, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, 2020. Language models are few-shot learners. Advances in neural information processing systems 33 (2020), 1877\u20131901."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning. PMLR, 1597\u20131607","author":"Chen Ting","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ting Chen , Simon Kornblith , Mohammad Norouzi , and Geoffrey Hinton . 2020 . A simple framework for contrastive learning of visual representations . In International Conference on Machine Learning. PMLR, 1597\u20131607 . Ting Chen, Simon Kornblith, Mohammad Norouzi, and Geoffrey Hinton. 2020. A simple framework for contrastive learning of visual representations. In International Conference on Machine Learning. PMLR, 1597\u20131607."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.01549"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"MAEEG: Masked Auto-encoder for EEG Representation Learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:2211.02625","author":"Chien Yun\u00a0Sherry","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hsiang- Yun\u00a0Sherry Chien , Hanlin Goh , Christopher\u00a0 M Sandino , and Joseph\u00a0 Y Cheng . 2022 . MAEEG: Masked Auto-encoder for EEG Representation Learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:2211.02625 (2022). Hsiang-Yun\u00a0Sherry Chien, Hanlin Goh, Christopher\u00a0M Sandino, and Joseph\u00a0Y Cheng. 2022. MAEEG: Masked Auto-encoder for EEG Representation Learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:2211.02625 (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICACCI.2014.6968528"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.04805","author":"Devlin Jacob","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jacob Devlin , Ming-Wei Chang , Kenton Lee , and Kristina Toutanova . 2018 . Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.04805 (2018). Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee, and Kristina Toutanova. 2018. Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.04805 (2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"An image is worth 16x16 words: Transformers for image recognition at scale. arXiv preprint arXiv:2010.11929","author":"Dosovitskiy Alexey","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alexey Dosovitskiy , Lucas Beyer , Alexander Kolesnikov , Dirk Weissenborn , Xiaohua Zhai , Thomas Unterthiner , Mostafa Dehghani , Matthias Minderer , Georg Heigold , Sylvain Gelly , 2020. An image is worth 16x16 words: Transformers for image recognition at scale. arXiv preprint arXiv:2010.11929 ( 2020 ). Alexey Dosovitskiy, Lucas Beyer, Alexander Kolesnikov, Dirk Weissenborn, Xiaohua Zhai, Thomas Unterthiner, Mostafa Dehghani, Matthias Minderer, Georg Heigold, Sylvain Gelly, 2020. An image is worth 16x16 words: Transformers for image recognition at scale. arXiv preprint arXiv:2010.11929 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NER.2013.6695876"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01833-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Effects of cognitive load on driving performance: The cognitive control hypothesis. Human factors 59, 5","author":"Engstr\u00f6m Johan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Johan Engstr\u00f6m , Gustav Markkula , Trent Victor , and Natasha Merat . 2017. Effects of cognitive load on driving performance: The cognitive control hypothesis. Human factors 59, 5 ( 2017 ), 734\u2013764. Johan Engstr\u00f6m, Gustav Markkula, Trent Victor, and Natasha Merat. 2017. Effects of cognitive load on driving performance: The cognitive control hypothesis. Human factors 59, 5 (2017), 734\u2013764."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SIH.0000000000000097"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00029238.1969.11080728"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BHI.2017.7897293"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01553"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMLA55696.2022.00055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Integrating cognitive load theory and concepts of human\u2013computer interaction. Computers in human behavior 26, 6","author":"Hollender Nina","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nina Hollender , Cristian Hofmann , Michael Deneke , and Bernhard Schmitz . 2010. Integrating cognitive load theory and concepts of human\u2013computer interaction. Computers in human behavior 26, 6 ( 2010 ), 1278\u20131288. Nina Hollender, Cristian Hofmann, Michael Deneke, and Bernhard Schmitz. 2010. Integrating cognitive load theory and concepts of human\u2013computer interaction. Computers in human behavior 26, 6 (2010), 1278\u20131288."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Advances in Cognitive Translation Studies","author":"Hunziker\u00a0Heeb Andrea","unstructured":"Andrea Hunziker\u00a0Heeb , Caroline Lehr , and Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow . 2021. Situated translators: cognitive load and the role of emotions . In Advances in Cognitive Translation Studies . Springer , 47\u201365. Andrea Hunziker\u00a0Heeb, Caroline Lehr, and Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow. 2021. Situated translators: cognitive load and the role of emotions. In Advances in Cognitive Translation Studies. Springer, 47\u201365."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Effect of cognitive load on speech prosody in aviation: Evidence from military simulator flights. Applied ergonomics 42, 2","author":"Huttunen Kerttu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kerttu Huttunen , Heikki Ker\u00e4nen , Eero V\u00e4yrynen , Rauno P\u00e4\u00e4kk\u00f6nen , and Tuomo Leino . 2011. Effect of cognitive load on speech prosody in aviation: Evidence from military simulator flights. Applied ergonomics 42, 2 ( 2011 ), 348\u2013357. Kerttu Huttunen, Heikki Ker\u00e4nen, Eero V\u00e4yrynen, Rauno P\u00e4\u00e4kk\u00f6nen, and Tuomo Leino. 2011. Effect of cognitive load on speech prosody in aviation: Evidence from military simulator flights. Applied ergonomics 42, 2 (2011), 348\u2013357."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2020.2992393"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2021.653659"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-99948-3_17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"10-20 system EEG Placement","author":"Morley Andrew","year":"2016","unstructured":"Andrew Morley , Lizzie Hill , and AG Kaditis . 2016. 10-20 system EEG Placement . European Respiratory Society , European Respiratory Society ( 2016 ). Andrew Morley, Lizzie Hill, and AG Kaditis. 2016. 10-20 system EEG Placement. European Respiratory Society, European Respiratory Society (2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-019-09473-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","unstructured":"Alec Radford Karthik Narasimhan Tim Salimans Ilya Sutskever 2018. Improving language understanding by generative pre-training. (2018).  Alec Radford Karthik Narasimhan Tim Salimans Ilya Sutskever 2018. Improving language understanding by generative pre-training. (2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAFFC.2020.3014842"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Detection of maternal and fetal stress from the electrocardiogram with self-supervised representation learning. Scientific reports 11, 1","author":"Sarkar Pritam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pritam Sarkar , Silvia Lobmaier , Bibiana Fabre , Diego Gonz\u00e1lez , Alexander Mueller , Martin\u00a0 G Frasch , Marta\u00a0 C Antonelli , and Ali Etemad . 2021. Detection of maternal and fetal stress from the electrocardiogram with self-supervised representation learning. Scientific reports 11, 1 ( 2021 ), 1\u201310. Pritam Sarkar, Silvia Lobmaier, Bibiana Fabre, Diego Gonz\u00e1lez, Alexander Mueller, Martin\u00a0G Frasch, Marta\u00a0C Antonelli, and Ali Etemad. 2021. Detection of maternal and fetal stress from the electrocardiogram with self-supervised representation learning. Scientific reports 11, 1 (2021), 1\u201310."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LifeTech52111.2021.9391844"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"Cognitive load theory, evolutionary educational psychology, and instructional design. Evolutionary perspectives on child development and education","author":"Sweller John","year":"2016","unstructured":"John Sweller . 2016. Cognitive load theory, evolutionary educational psychology, and instructional design. Evolutionary perspectives on child development and education ( 2016 ), 291\u2013306. John Sweller. 2016. Cognitive load theory, evolutionary educational psychology, and instructional design. Evolutionary perspectives on child development and education (2016), 291\u2013306."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAFFC.2020.3025777"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Attention is all you need. Advances in neural information processing systems 30","author":"Vaswani Ashish","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ashish Vaswani , Noam Shazeer , Niki Parmar , Jakob Uszkoreit , Llion Jones , Aidan\u00a0 N Gomez , \u0141ukasz Kaiser , and Illia Polosukhin . 2017. Attention is all you need. Advances in neural information processing systems 30 ( 2017 ). Ashish Vaswani, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan\u00a0N Gomez, \u0141ukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin. 2017. Attention is all you need. Advances in neural information processing systems 30 (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","volume-title":"Learning deep transformer models for machine translation. arXiv preprint arXiv:1906.01787","author":"Wang Qiang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Qiang Wang , Bei Li , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu , Changliang Li , Derek\u00a0 F Wong , and Lidia\u00a0 S Chao . 2019. Learning deep transformer models for machine translation. arXiv preprint arXiv:1906.01787 ( 2019 ). Qiang Wang, Bei Li, Tong Xiao, Jingbo Zhu, Changliang Li, Derek\u00a0F Wong, and Lidia\u00a0S Chao. 2019. Learning deep transformer models for machine translation. arXiv preprint arXiv:1906.01787 (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01426"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NER.2019.8717035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"International conference on machine learning. PMLR","author":"Xu Kelvin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kelvin Xu , Jimmy Ba , Ryan Kiros , Kyunghyun Cho , Aaron Courville , Ruslan Salakhudinov , Rich Zemel , and Yoshua Bengio . 2015 . Show, attend and tell: Neural image caption generation with visual attention . In International conference on machine learning. PMLR , 2048\u20132057. Kelvin Xu, Jimmy Ba, Ryan Kiros, Kyunghyun Cho, Aaron Courville, Ruslan Salakhudinov, Rich Zemel, and Yoshua Bengio. 2015. Show, attend and tell: Neural image caption generation with visual attention. In International conference on machine learning. PMLR, 2048\u20132057."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"3D Feature Prediction for Masked-AutoEncoder-Based Point Cloud Pretraining. arXiv preprint arXiv:2304.06911","author":"Yan Siming","year":"2023","unstructured":"Siming Yan , Yuqi Yang , Yuxiao Guo , Hao Pan , Peng-shuai Wang, Xin Tong , Yang Liu , and Qixing Huang . 2023. 3D Feature Prediction for Masked-AutoEncoder-Based Point Cloud Pretraining. arXiv preprint arXiv:2304.06911 ( 2023 ). Siming Yan, Yuqi Yang, Yuxiao Guo, Hao Pan, Peng-shuai Wang, Xin Tong, Yang Liu, and Qixing Huang. 2023. 3D Feature Prediction for Masked-AutoEncoder-Based Point Cloud Pretraining. arXiv preprint arXiv:2304.06911 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23052458"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"How transferable are features in deep neural networks?Advances in neural information processing systems 27","author":"Yosinski Jason","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jason Yosinski , Jeff Clune , Yoshua Bengio , and Hod Lipson . 2014. How transferable are features in deep neural networks?Advances in neural information processing systems 27 ( 2014 ). Jason Yosinski, Jeff Clune, Yoshua Bengio, and Hod Lipson. 2014. How transferable are features in deep neural networks?Advances in neural information processing systems 27 (2014)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAFFC.2022.3210441"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2019.2956998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"Spatio-temporal EEG representation learning on Riemannian manifold and Euclidean space. arXiv e-prints","author":"Zhang Guangyi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guangyi Zhang and Ali Etemad . 2020. Spatio-temporal EEG representation learning on Riemannian manifold and Euclidean space. arXiv e-prints ( 2020 ), arXiv\u20132008. Guangyi Zhang and Ali Etemad. 2020. Spatio-temporal EEG representation learning on Riemannian manifold and Euclidean space. arXiv e-prints (2020), arXiv\u20132008."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","volume-title":"Partial Label Learning for Emotion Recognition from EEG. arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.13170","author":"Zhang Guangyi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guangyi Zhang and Ali Etemad . 2023. Partial Label Learning for Emotion Recognition from EEG. arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.13170 ( 2023 ). Guangyi Zhang and Ali Etemad. 2023. Partial Label Learning for Emotion Recognition from EEG. arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.13170 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2018.2797176"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAMD.2015.2431497"}],"event":{"name":"ICMI '23: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIMODAL INTERACTION","location":"Paris France","acronym":"ICMI '23","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIMODAL INTERACTION"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3577190.3614113","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3577190.3614113","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T17:51:11Z","timestamp":1750182671000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3577190.3614113"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3577190.3614113","10.1145\/3577190"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3577190.3614113","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-10-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}