{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T14:52:36Z","timestamp":1767192756996,"version":"3.41.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":31,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]],"date-time":"2023-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","award":["ZR2021ZD40, ZR2021MF065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021ZD40, ZR2021MF065"]}]},{"name":"the Research Project for Graduate Education and Teaching Reform, Shandong University, China","award":["XYJG2020108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XYJG2020108"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3580219.3580249","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T23:43:00Z","timestamp":1677800580000},"page":"168-172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Mandarin Tone Recognition Algorithm Based on Random Forest and Features Fusion"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1548-9948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiameng","family":"YAN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1321-334X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lan","family":"TIAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2466-092X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"WANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9583-4283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junhui","family":"LIU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8504-5560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng","family":"LI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Telecom Shandong Branch, China"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","first-page":"51","volume":"201","author":"Pelzl E.","unstructured":"Pelzl , E. , What makes second language perception of Mandarin tones hard? A non-technical review of evidence from psycholinguistic research. Chinese as a Second Language. The journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association , 201 9. 54(1): p. 51 - 78 . Pelzl, E., What makes second language perception of Mandarin tones hard? A non-technical review of evidence from psycholinguistic research. Chinese as a Second Language. The journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association, 2019. 54(1): p. 51-78.","journal-title":"Chinese Language Teachers Association"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Economic Research and Management Innovation (ERMI 2021)","author":"Li H.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li , H. and K. Jianjun , Management mode and content innovation of Chinese internationalization education in countries along \u201cThe Belt and Road \u201d. 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Economic Research and Management Innovation (ERMI 2021) , 2021 . Li, H. and K. Jianjun, Management mode and content innovation of Chinese internationalization education in countries along \u201cThe Belt and Road\u201d. 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Economic Research and Management Innovation (ERMI 2021), 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","first-page":"1","volume":"201","author":"Deroche M.L.D.","unstructured":"Deroche , M.L.D. , , Processing of acoustic information in lexical tone production and perception by pediatric cochlear implant recipients. Frontiers in Neuroscience , 201 9. 13: p. 1 - 17 . Deroche, M.L.D., , Processing of acoustic information in lexical tone production and perception by pediatric cochlear implant recipients. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2019. 13: p. 1-17.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","first-page":"251","volume":"200","author":"Peng S.","unstructured":"Peng , S. , , Perception and production of Mandarin tones in prelingually deaf children with cochlear implants. Ear and Hearing , 200 4. 25(3): p. 251 - 264 . Peng, S., , Perception and production of Mandarin tones in prelingually deaf children with cochlear implants. Ear and Hearing, 2004. 25(3): p. 251-264.","journal-title":"Hearing"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","first-page":"2070","volume":"202","author":"Zhang H.","unstructured":"Zhang , H. , H. Ding and Y. Zhang , High-variability phonetic training benefits lexical tone perception: An investigation on Mandarin-speaking pediatric cochlear implant users. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research , 202 1. 64(6): p. 2070 - 2084 . Zhang, H., H. Ding and Y. Zhang, High-variability phonetic training benefits lexical tone perception: An investigation on Mandarin-speaking pediatric cochlear implant users. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2021. 64(6): p. 2070-2084.","journal-title":"Hearing Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","first-page":"90709","volume":"202","author":"Mou Z.","unstructured":"Mou , Z. , , The application analysis of neural network techniques on lexical tone rehabilitation of Mandarin-speaking patients with post-stroke dysarthria. IEEE Access , 202 0. 8: p. 90709 - 90717 . Mou, Z., , The application analysis of neural network techniques on lexical tone rehabilitation of Mandarin-speaking patients with post-stroke dysarthria. IEEE Access, 2020. 8: p. 90709-90717.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Tone classification in Mandarin Chinese using convolutional neural networks, in 17TH Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (INTERSPEECH","author":"Chen C.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen , C. , , Tone classification in Mandarin Chinese using convolutional neural networks, in 17TH Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (INTERSPEECH 2016 ), VOLS 1-5: Understanding Speech Processing In Humans and Machines. 2016: 17th Annual Conference of the International-Speech-Communication-Association (INTERSPEECH 2016). p. 2150-2154. Chen, C., , Tone classification in Mandarin Chinese using convolutional neural networks, in 17TH Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (INTERSPEECH 2016), VOLS 1-5: Understanding Speech Processing In Humans and Machines. 2016: 17th Annual Conference of the International-Speech-Communication-Association (INTERSPEECH 2016). p. 2150-2154."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of The 49TH Annual Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Southeast Conference (ACMSE '11).","author":"Dong J.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dong , J. and C. Li . A comparative study of the classification techniques in isolated Mandarin syllable tone recognition . in Proceedings of The 49TH Annual Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Southeast Conference (ACMSE '11). 2011 . 49th Annual Association-for-Computing-Machinery (ACM) Southeast Conference (ACMSE) : ACM. Dong, J. and C. Li. A comparative study of the classification techniques in isolated Mandarin syllable tone recognition. in Proceedings of The 49TH Annual Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Southeast Conference (ACMSE '11). 2011. 49th Annual Association-for-Computing-Machinery (ACM) Southeast Conference (ACMSE): ACM."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Interspeech 2009: 10th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association","author":"Liu C.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liu , C. , , A one-Step tone recognition approach using MSD-HMM for continuous speech , in Interspeech 2009: 10th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association 2009 , VOLS 1-5. 2009: 10th Interspeech 2009 Conference . p. 2975-2978. Liu, C., , A one-Step tone recognition approach using MSD-HMM for continuous speech, in Interspeech 2009: 10th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association 2009, VOLS 1-5. 2009: 10th Interspeech 2009 Conference. p. 2975-2978."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","first-page":"167","volume":"201","author":"Shen L.","unstructured":"Shen , L. and W. Wang , Fusion feature based automatic Chinese short tone classification. Technical Acoustics , 201 8. 37(2): p. 167 - 174 . Shen, L. and W. Wang, Fusion feature based automatic Chinese short tone classification. Technical Acoustics, 2018. 37(2): p. 167-74.","journal-title":"Technical Acoustics"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","first-page":"120772","volume-title":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","author":"Liu Q.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu , Q. , , Variety classification of coated maize seeds based on Raman hyperspectral imaging . Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy , 2022 . 270: p. 120772 . Liu, Q., , Variety classification of coated maize seeds based on Raman hyperspectral imaging. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2022. 270: p. 120772."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","first-page":"5","volume":"200","author":"Breiman L.","unstructured":"Breiman , L. , Random forests. Machine Learning , 200 1. 45(1): p. 5 - 32 . Breiman, L., Random forests. Machine Learning, 2001. 45(1): p. 5-32.","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","first-page":"751","volume-title":"Mathematics","author":"Panigrahi R.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Panigrahi , R. , , A consolidated decision tree-based intrusion detection system for binary and multiclass imbalanced datasets . Mathematics , 2021 . 9(7): p. 751 . Panigrahi, R., , A consolidated decision tree-based intrusion detection system for binary and multiclass imbalanced datasets. Mathematics, 2021. 9(7): p. 751."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","first-page":"81","volume":"198","author":"Quinlan J.R.","unstructured":"Quinlan , J.R. , Induction of decision trees. Machine Learning , 198 6. 1(1): p. 81 - 106 . Quinlan, J.R., Induction of decision trees. Machine Learning, 1986. 1(1): p. 81-106.","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","first-page":"104715","volume-title":"CATENA","author":"Pahlavan-Rad M.R.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pahlavan-Rad , M.R. , , Prediction of soil water infiltration using multiple linear regression and random forest in a dry flood plain, eastern Iran . CATENA , 2020 . 194: p. 104715 . Pahlavan-Rad, M.R., , Prediction of soil water infiltration using multiple linear regression and random forest in a dry flood plain, eastern Iran. CATENA, 2020. 194: p. 104715."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","author":"Mao Y.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mao , Y. , , Disease classification based on eye movement features with decision tree and random forest . Frontiers in Neuroscience , 2020 . 14. Mao, Y., , Disease classification based on eye movement features with decision tree and random forest. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2020. 14."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","first-page":"107387","volume-title":"Applied Acoustics","author":"Ji X.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ji , X. , B. Yang and Q. Tang , Seabed sediment classification using multibeam backscatter data based on the selecting optimal random forest model . Applied Acoustics , 2020 . 167: p. 107387 . Ji, X., B. Yang and Q. Tang, Seabed sediment classification using multibeam backscatter data based on the selecting optimal random forest model. Applied Acoustics, 2020. 167: p. 107387."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","first-page":"325","volume":"201","author":"Teluguntla P.","unstructured":"Teluguntla , P. , , A 30-m landsat-derived cropland extent product of Australia and China using random forest machine learning algorithm on Google Earth Engine cloud computing platform. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing , 201 8. 144: p. 325 - 340 . Teluguntla, P., , A 30-m landsat-derived cropland extent product of Australia and China using random forest machine learning algorithm on Google Earth Engine cloud computing platform. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2018. 144: p. 325-340.","journal-title":"Remote Sensing"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","first-page":"2010","volume":"200","author":"Amaratunga D.","unstructured":"Amaratunga , D. , J. Cabrera and Y.S. Lee , Enriched random forests. Bioinformatics , 200 8. 24(18): p. 2010 - 2014 . Amaratunga, D., J. Cabrera and Y.S. Lee, Enriched random forests. Bioinformatics, 2008. 24(18): p. 2010-2014.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","first-page":"065031","volume-title":"Physics in Medicine & Biology","author":"Shi F.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shi , F. , , Large-scale screening to distinguish between COVID-19 and community-acquired pneumonia using infection size-aware classification . Physics in Medicine & Biology , 2021 . 66(6): p. 065031 . Shi, F., , Large-scale screening to distinguish between COVID-19 and community-acquired pneumonia using infection size-aware classification. Physics in Medicine & Biology, 2021. 66(6): p. 065031."},{"unstructured":"http:\/\/www.chineseldc.org\/  http:\/\/www.chineseldc.org\/","key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Study on acoustic features and tone recognition of speech recognition","author":"Zhang W.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zhang , W. , Study on acoustic features and tone recognition of speech recognition . 2003 , Shanghai Jiaotong University . Zhang, W., Study on acoustic features and tone recognition of speech recognition. 2003, Shanghai Jiaotong University."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Study on speech processing strategy for Chinese-spoken cochlear implants on the basis of characteristics of Chinese Language","author":"Nie K.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Nie , K. , Study on speech processing strategy for Chinese-spoken cochlear implants on the basis of characteristics of Chinese Language . 1999 , Tsinghua University . Nie, K., Study on speech processing strategy for Chinese-spoken cochlear implants on the basis of characteristics of Chinese Language. 1999, Tsinghua University."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","first-page":"228","volume-title":"Computer Science","author":"Fu D.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fu , D. , S. Li and S. Wang , Tone recognition based on support vector machine in continuous Mandarin Chinese . Computer Science , 2010 . 037(005): p. 228 - 230 . Fu, D., S. Li and S. Wang, Tone recognition based on support vector machine in continuous Mandarin Chinese. Computer Science, 2010. 037(005): p. 228-230."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Phonetic pitch detection and tone recognition of the continuous Chinese three-syllabic words","author":"Zheng Y.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zheng , Y. , Phonetic pitch detection and tone recognition of the continuous Chinese three-syllabic words . 2004 , Jilin University . p. 91. Zheng, Y., Phonetic pitch detection and tone recognition of the continuous Chinese three-syllabic words. 2004, Jilin University. p. 91."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","first-page":"1697","volume":"200","author":"Taylor P.","unstructured":"Taylor , P. , Analysis and synthesis of intonation using the Tilt model. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 200 0. 107(3): p. 1697 - 1714 . Taylor, P., Analysis and synthesis of intonation using the Tilt model. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2000. 107(3): p. 1697-1714.","journal-title":"America"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"16th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (INTERSPEECH","author":"Ma M.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ma , M. , , Using F0 contours to assess nativeness in a sentence repeat task , in 16th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (INTERSPEECH 2015 ), VOLS 1-5. 2015: 16th Annual Conference of the International-Speech-Communication-Association (INTERSPEECH 2015). p. 653-657. Ma, M., , Using F0 contours to assess nativeness in a sentence repeat task, in 16th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (INTERSPEECH 2015), VOLS 1-5. 2015: 16th Annual Conference of the International-Speech-Communication-Association (INTERSPEECH 2015). p. 653-657."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","first-page":"221","volume-title":"INTERSPEECH 2007: 8TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL SPEECH COMMUNICATION ASSOCIATION, VOLS 1-4. 2007: Interspeech Conference","author":"Quang V.M.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Quang , V.M. , , Automatic question detection: prosodic-lexical features and crosslingual experiments , in INTERSPEECH 2007: 8TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL SPEECH COMMUNICATION ASSOCIATION, VOLS 1-4. 2007: Interspeech Conference 2007 . p. 221 -+. Quang, V.M., , Automatic question detection: prosodic-lexical features and crosslingual experiments, in INTERSPEECH 2007: 8TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL SPEECH COMMUNICATION ASSOCIATION, VOLS 1-4. 2007: Interspeech Conference 2007. p. 221-+."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","first-page":"189","volume":"201","author":"Urbanowicz R.J.","unstructured":"Urbanowicz , R.J. , , Relief-based feature selection: Introduction and review. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS , 201 8. 85: p. 189 - 203 . Urbanowicz, R.J., , Relief-based feature selection: Introduction and review. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS, 2018. 85: p. 189-203.","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"IGARSS 2003: IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, VOLS I - VII","author":"Bittencourt H.R.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bittencourt , H.R. , , Use of classification,and regression trees (CART) to classify remotely-sensed digital images , in IGARSS 2003: IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, VOLS I - VII , Proceedings : Learning from Earth's Shapes and Sizes. 2003 : 23rd International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2003). p. 3751-3753. Bittencourt, H.R., , Use of classification,and regression trees (CART) to classify remotely-sensed digital images, in IGARSS 2003: IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, VOLS I - VII, Proceedings: Learning from Earth's Shapes and Sizes. 2003: 23rd International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2003). p. 3751-3753."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-5640-8_11","volume-title":"CART Decision Tree Algorithm. Pervasive Computing and Social Networking: Proceedings of ICPCSN 2021","author":"Javed Mehedi Shamrat F.M.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Javed Mehedi Shamrat , F.M. , , Performance Evaluation Among ID3, C4.5, and CART Decision Tree Algorithm. Pervasive Computing and Social Networking: Proceedings of ICPCSN 2021 . Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems (317) , 2022 : p. 127 - 142 . Javed Mehedi Shamrat, F.M., , Performance Evaluation Among ID3, C4.5, and CART Decision Tree Algorithm. Pervasive Computing and Social Networking: Proceedings of ICPCSN 2021. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems (317), 2022: p. 127-142."}],"event":{"acronym":"CCEAI 2023","name":"CCEAI 2023: 2023 7th International Conference on Control Engineering and Artificial Intelligence","location":"Sanya China"},"container-title":["2023 7th International Conference on Control Engineering and Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3580219.3580249","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3580219.3580249","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T17:49:18Z","timestamp":1750182558000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3580219.3580249"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3580219.3580249","10.1145\/3580219"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3580219.3580249","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-03-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}