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While interpretability and explainability are often presented as a subjectively validated binary property, we consider it a multi-faceted concept. We identify 12 conceptual properties, such as Compactness and Correctness, that should be evaluated for comprehensively assessing the quality of an explanation. Our so-called Co-12 properties serve as categorization scheme for systematically reviewing the evaluation practices of more than 300 papers published in the past 7 years at major AI and ML conferences that introduce an XAI method. We find that one in three papers evaluate exclusively with anecdotal evidence, and one in five papers evaluate with users. This survey also contributes to the call for objective, quantifiable evaluation methods by presenting an extensive overview of quantitative XAI evaluation methods. Our systematic collection of evaluation methods provides researchers and practitioners with concrete tools to thoroughly validate, benchmark, and compare new and existing XAI methods. The Co-12 categorization scheme and our identified evaluation methods open up opportunities to include quantitative metrics as optimization criteria during model training to optimize for accuracy and interpretability simultaneously.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3583558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T11:06:38Z","timestamp":1677236798000},"page":"1-42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":503,"title":["From Anecdotal Evidence to Quantitative Evaluation Methods: A Systematic Review on Evaluating Explainable AI"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0558-3810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meike","family":"Nauta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Twente, the Netherlands and University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8891-0022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Trienes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6984-8208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shreyasi","family":"Pathak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Twente, the Netherlands and University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0224-268X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Twente, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8884-730X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Twente, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1948-7475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasmin","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3678-0390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Schl\u00f6tterer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2436-1372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurice","family":"van Keulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Twente, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6776-3868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christin","family":"Seifert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2870052"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the NeurIPS","volume":"31","author":"Adebayo Julius","year":"2018","unstructured":"Julius Adebayo, Justin Gilmer, Michael Muelly, Ian Goodfellow, Moritz Hardt, and Been Kim. 2018. 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