{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T21:23:14Z","timestamp":1767907394994,"version":"3.49.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":30,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]],"date-time":"2023-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3583780.3615109","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]],"date-time":"2023-10-21T07:45:42Z","timestamp":1697874342000},"page":"2666-2675","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["WOT-Class: Weakly Supervised Open-world Text Classification"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7003-0264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianle","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3147-4642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zihan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4848-4054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weitang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7249-4404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingbo","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.692"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR).","author":"Asano Yuki M.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yuki M. Asano , Christian Rupprecht , and Andrea Vedaldi . 2020 . Self-labelling via simultaneous clustering and representation learning . In International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR). Yuki M. Asano, Christian Rupprecht, and Andrea Vedaldi. 2020. Self-labelling via simultaneous clustering and representation learning. In International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298799"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v33i01.33019801"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Language Models are Few-Shot Learners. CoRR","author":"Brown Tom B.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tom B. Brown , Benjamin Mann , Nick Ryder , Melanie Subbiah , Jared Kaplan , Prafulla Dhariwal , Arvind Neelakantan , Pranav Shyam , Girish Sastry , Amanda Askell , Sandhini Agarwal , Ariel Herbert-Voss , Gretchen Krueger , Tom Henighan , Rewon Child , Aditya Ramesh , Daniel M. Ziegler , Jeffrey Wu , Clemens Winter , Christopher Hesse , Mark Chen , Eric Sigler , Mateusz Litwin , Scott Gray , Benjamin Chess , Jack Clark , Christopher Berner , Sam McCandlish , Alec Radford , Ilya Sutskever , and Dario Amodei . 2020. Language Models are Few-Shot Learners. CoRR , Vol. abs\/ 2005 .14165 ( 2020 ). showeprint[arXiv]2005.14165 https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2005.14165 Tom B. Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah, Jared Kaplan, Prafulla Dhariwal, Arvind Neelakantan, Pranav Shyam, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, Sandhini Agarwal, Ariel Herbert-Voss, Gretchen Krueger, Tom Henighan, Rewon Child, Aditya Ramesh, Daniel M. Ziegler, Jeffrey Wu, Clemens Winter, Christopher Hesse, Mark Chen, Eric Sigler, Mateusz Litwin, Scott Gray, Benjamin Chess, Jack Clark, Christopher Berner, Sam McCandlish, Alec Radford, Ilya Sutskever, and Dario Amodei. 2020. Language Models are Few-Shot Learners. CoRR, Vol. abs\/2005.14165 (2020). showeprint[arXiv]2005.14165 https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2005.14165"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Open-world Semi-supervised Learning. In International Conference on Learning Representations. https:\/\/openreview.net\/forum?id=6VhmvP7XZue","author":"Cao Kaidi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kaidi Cao , Maria Brbic , and Jure Leskovec . 2022 . Open-world Semi-supervised Learning. In International Conference on Learning Representations. https:\/\/openreview.net\/forum?id=6VhmvP7XZue Kaidi Cao, Maria Brbic, and Jure Leskovec. 2022. Open-world Semi-supervised Learning. In International Conference on Learning Representations. https:\/\/openreview.net\/forum?id=6VhmvP7XZue"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01264-9_9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.acl-long.295"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Simcse: Simple contrastive learning of sentence embeddings. arXiv preprint arXiv:2104.08821","author":"Gao Tianyu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tianyu Gao , Xingcheng Yao , and Danqi Chen . 2021 b. Simcse: Simple contrastive learning of sentence embeddings. arXiv preprint arXiv:2104.08821 (2021). Tianyu Gao, Xingcheng Yao, and Danqi Chen. 2021b. Simcse: Simple contrastive learning of sentence embeddings. arXiv preprint arXiv:2104.08821 (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2021.3091944"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Support vector machines","author":"Hearst Marti A.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Marti A. Hearst , Susan T Dumais , Edgar Osuna , John Platt , and Bernhard Scholkopf . 1998. Support vector machines . IEEE Intelligent Systems and their applications, Vol. 13 , 4 ( 1998 ), 18--28. Marti A. Hearst, Susan T Dumais, Edgar Osuna, John Platt, and Bernhard Scholkopf. 1998. Support vector machines. IEEE Intelligent Systems and their applications, Vol. 13, 4 (1998), 18--28."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/eb026526"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3091622.3091662"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.30"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3366423.3380278"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3269206.3271737"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.emnlp-main.724"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the first instructional conference on machine learning","volume":"242","author":"Juan","unstructured":"Juan Ramos et al. 2003. Using tf-idf to determine word relevance in document queries . In Proceedings of the first instructional conference on machine learning , Vol. 242 . Citeseer, 29--48. Juan Ramos et al. 2003. Using tf-idf to determine word relevance in document queries. In Proceedings of the first instructional conference on machine learning, Vol. 242. Citeseer, 29--48."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Douglas A Reynolds etal 2009. Gaussian mixture models. Encyclopedia of biometrics Vol. 741 659--663 (2009).  Douglas A Reynolds et al. 2009. Gaussian mixture models. Encyclopedia of biometrics Vol. 741 659--663 (2009).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-73003-5_196"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"The extreme value machine","author":"Rudd Ethan M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ethan M Rudd , Lalit P Jain , Walter J Scheirer , and Terrance E Boult . 2017. The extreme value machine . IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence, Vol. 40 , 3 ( 2017 ), 762--768. Ethan M Rudd, Lalit P Jain, Walter J Scheirer, and Terrance E Boult. 2017. The extreme value machine. IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence, Vol. 40, 3 (2017), 762--768."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Unseen class discovery in open-world classification. arXiv preprint arXiv:1801.05609","author":"Shu Lei","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lei Shu , Hu Xu , and Bing Liu . 2018. Unseen class discovery in open-world classification. arXiv preprint arXiv:1801.05609 ( 2018 ). Lei Shu, Hu Xu, and Bing Liu. 2018. Unseen class discovery in open-world classification. arXiv preprint arXiv:1801.05609 (2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDM.2018.00169"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Generalized Category Discovery. In IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.","author":"Vaze Sagar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sagar Vaze , Kai Han , Andrea Vedaldi , and Andrew Zisserman . 2022 . Generalized Category Discovery. In IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Sagar Vaze, Kai Han, Andrea Vedaldi, and Andrew Zisserman. 2022. Generalized Category Discovery. In IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.emnlp-main.453"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas Wolf Lysandre Debut Victor Sanh Julien Chaumond Clement Delangue Anthony Moi Pierric Cistac Tim Rault R\u00e9mi Louf Morgan Funtowicz etal 2019. Huggingface's transformers: State-of-the-art natural language processing. arXiv preprint arXiv:1910.03771 (2019).  Thomas Wolf Lysandre Debut Victor Sanh Julien Chaumond Clement Delangue Anthony Moi Pierric Cistac Tim Rault R\u00e9mi Louf Morgan Funtowicz et al. 2019. Huggingface's transformers: State-of-the-art natural language processing. arXiv preprint arXiv:1910.03771 (2019).","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.emnlp-demos.6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3308558.3313644"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Character-level convolutional networks for text classification. Advances in neural information processing systems","author":"Zhang Xiang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xiang Zhang , Junbo Zhao , and Yann LeCun . 2015a. Character-level convolutional networks for text classification. Advances in neural information processing systems , Vol. 28 ( 2015 ). https:\/\/proceedings.neurips.cc\/paper\/2015\/file\/250cf8b51c773f3f8dc8b4be867a9a02-Paper.pdf Xiang Zhang, Junbo Zhao, and Yann LeCun. 2015a. Character-level convolutional networks for text classification. Advances in neural information processing systems, Vol. 28 (2015). https:\/\/proceedings.neurips.cc\/paper\/2015\/file\/250cf8b51c773f3f8dc8b4be867a9a02-Paper.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Garnett (Eds.)","volume":"28","author":"Zhang Xiang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xiang Zhang , Junbo Zhao , and Yann LeCun . 2015 b. Character-level Convolutional Networks for Text Classification. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, C. Cortes, N. Lawrence, D. Lee, M. Sugiyama, and R . Garnett (Eds.) , Vol. 28 . Curran Associates, Inc. https:\/\/proceedings.neurips.cc\/paper\/ 2015\/file\/250cf8b51c773f3f8dc8b4be867a9a02-Paper.pdf Xiang Zhang, Junbo Zhao, and Yann LeCun. 2015b. Character-level Convolutional Networks for Text Classification. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, C. Cortes, N. Lawrence, D. Lee, M. Sugiyama, and R. Garnett (Eds.), Vol. 28. Curran Associates, Inc. https:\/\/proceedings.neurips.cc\/paper\/2015\/file\/250cf8b51c773f3f8dc8b4be867a9a02-Paper.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.725"}],"event":{"name":"CIKM '23: The 32nd ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management","location":"Birmingham United Kingdom","acronym":"CIKM '23","sponsor":["SIGWEB ACM Special Interest Group on Hypertext, Hypermedia, and Web","SIGIR ACM Special Interest Group on Information Retrieval"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 32nd ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3583780.3615109","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3583780.3615109","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T16:36:42Z","timestamp":1750178202000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3583780.3615109"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3583780.3615109","10.1145\/3583780"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3583780.3615109","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-10-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}