{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,24]],"date-time":"2025-08-24T00:01:00Z","timestamp":1755993660929,"version":"3.44.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":46,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]],"date-time":"2023-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"BMBF","award":["01QE2056C, 01IS17046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01QE2056C, 01IS17046"]}]},{"name":"MKW NRW","award":["NW21-059D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NW21-059D"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3587259.3627567","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T19:30:28Z","timestamp":1701199828000},"page":"122-130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Lingua Franca \u2013 Entity-Aware Machine Translation Approach for Question Answering over Knowledge Graphs"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5164-4911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikit","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering and Mathematics, Paderborn University, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6803-3357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandr","family":"Perevalov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering and Mathematics, Paderborn University, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9637-6197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis","family":"Kuchelev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering and Mathematics, Paderborn University, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3757-2013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Moussallem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering and Mathematics, Paderborn University, Germany and Jusbrasil, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7112-3516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Axel-Cyrille","family":"Ngonga Ngomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering and Mathematics, Paderborn University, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9177-5463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Both","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer Science and Media, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"NAACL 2019, 2019 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Demonstrations). 54\u201359","author":"Akbik Alan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alan Akbik, Tanja Bergmann, Duncan Blythe, Kashif Rasul, Stefan Schweter, and Roland Vollgraf. 2019. FLAIR: An easy-to-use framework for state-of-the-art NLP. In NAACL 2019, 2019 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Demonstrations). 54\u201359."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3357384.3358033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"European Semantic Web Conference. Springer, 625\u2013641","author":"Both Andreas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Andreas Both, Dennis Diefenbach, Kuldeep Singh, Saedeeh Shekarpour, Didier Cherix, and Christoph Lange. 2016. Qanary\u2013a methodology for vocabulary-driven open question answering systems. In European Semantic Web Conference. Springer, 625\u2013641."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Multilingual Autoregressive Entity Linking. CoRR abs\/2103.12528","author":"Cao Nicola\u00a0De","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nicola\u00a0De Cao, Ledell Wu, Kashyap Popat, Mikel Artetxe, Naman Goyal, Mikhail Plekhanov, Luke Zettlemoyer, Nicola Cancedda, Sebastian Riedel, and Fabio Petroni. 2021. Multilingual Autoregressive Entity Linking. CoRR abs\/2103.12528 (2021). arXiv:2103.12528https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2103.12528"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/SW-190343"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1871437.1871689"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"R. Purves","author":"Freedman David","year":"2007","unstructured":"David Freedman, Robert Pisani, and Roger Purves. 2007. Statistics (international student edition). Pisani, R. Purves, 4th edn. WW Norton & Company, New York (2007).","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Matthew Honnibal Ines Montani Sofie Van\u00a0Landeghem and Adriane Boyd. 2020. spaCy: Industrial-strength Natural Language Processing in Python. (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.1212303","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.1212303"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3289600.3290956"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W18-2407"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00343"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Towards End-to-End Multilingual Question Answering. Information Systems Frontiers (ISF) 22 (3","author":"Loginova Ekaterina","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ekaterina Loginova, Stalin Varanasi, and G\u00fcnter Neumann. 2020. Towards End-to-End Multilingual Question Answering. Information Systems Frontiers (ISF) 22 (3 2020), 1\u201314."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Addressing the rare word problem in neural machine translation. arXiv preprint arXiv:1410.8206","author":"Luong Minh-Thang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Minh-Thang Luong, Ilya Sutskever, Quoc\u00a0V Le, Oriol Vinyals, and Wojciech Zaremba. 2014. Addressing the rare word problem in neural machine translation. arXiv preprint arXiv:1410.8206 (2014)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2063518.2063519"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Wikipedia culture gap: quantifying content imbalances across 40 language editions. Frontiers in physics 6","author":"Miquel-Rib\u00e9 Marc","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marc Miquel-Rib\u00e9 and David Laniado. 2018. Wikipedia culture gap: quantifying content imbalances across 40 language editions. Frontiers in physics 6 (2018), 54."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation. 45\u201351","author":"Modrzejewski Maciej","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maciej Modrzejewski, Miriam Exel, Bianka Buschbeck, Thanh-Le Ha, and Alex Waibel. 2020. Incorporating external annotation to improve named entity translation in NMT. In Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation. 45\u201351."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 13th International Semantic Web Conference, Posters and Demonstrations (ISWC","author":"Moro Andrea","year":"2014","unstructured":"Andrea Moro, Francesco Cecconi, and Roberto Navigli. 2014. Multilingual Word Sense Disambiguation and Entity Linking for Everybody. In Proceedings of the 13th International Semantic Web Conference, Posters and Demonstrations (ISWC 2014). Riva del Garda, Italy, 25\u201328."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation. European Association for Machine Translation","author":"Mota Pedro","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pedro Mota, Vera Cabarr\u00e3o, and Eduardo Farah. 2022. Fast-Paced Improvements to Named Entity Handling for Neural Machine Translation. In Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation. European Association for Machine Translation, Ghent, Belgium, 141\u2013149. https:\/\/aclanthology.org\/2022.eamt-1.17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Natural Language Generation from the Semantic Web (WebNLG+). Association for Computational Linguistics, Dublin, Ireland (Virtual), 27\u201333","author":"Moussallem Diego","year":"2020","unstructured":"Diego Moussallem, Paramjot Kaur, Thiago Ferreira, Chris van\u00a0der Lee, Anastasia Shimorina, Felix Conrads, Michael R\u00f6der, Ren\u00e9 Speck, Claire Gardent, Simon Mille, Nikolai Ilinykh, and Axel-Cyrille Ngonga\u00a0Ngomo. 2020. A General Benchmarking Framework for Text Generation. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Natural Language Generation from the Semantic Web (WebNLG+). Association for Computational Linguistics, Dublin, Ireland (Virtual), 27\u201333. https:\/\/aclanthology.org\/2020.webnlg-1.3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diego Moussallem Axel-Cyrille Ngonga\u00a0Ngomo Paul Buitelaar and Mihael Arcan. 2019. Utilizing knowledge graphs for neural machine translation augmentation. (2019) 139\u2013146.","DOI":"10.1145\/3360901.3364423"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-30793-6_29"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-98192-5_33"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3148011.3148024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"NLLB Team Marta\u00a0R. Costa-juss\u00e0 James Cross Onur \u00c7elebi Maha Elbayad Kenneth Heafield Kevin Heffernan Elahe Kalbassi Janice Lam Daniel Licht Jean Maillard Anna Sun Skyler Wang Guillaume Wenzek Al Youngblood Bapi Akula Loic Barrault Gabriel Mejia-Gonzalez Prangthip Hansanti John Hoffman Semarley Jarrett Kaushik\u00a0Ram Sadagopan Dirk Rowe Shannon Spruit Chau Tran Pierre Andrews Necip\u00a0Fazil Ayan Shruti Bhosale Sergey Edunov Angela Fan Cynthia Gao Vedanuj Goswami Francisco Guzm\u00e1n Philipp Koehn Alexandre Mourachko Christophe Ropers Safiyyah Saleem Holger Schwenk and Jeff Wang. 2022. No Language Left Behind: Scaling Human-Centered Machine Translation. (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2012.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 40th annual meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. 311\u2013318","author":"Papineni Kishore","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kishore Papineni, Salim Roukos, Todd Ward, and Wei-Jing Zhu. 2002. Bleu: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation. In Proceedings of the 40th annual meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. 311\u2013318."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3485447.3511940"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSC52841.2022.00045"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W16-2341"},{"volume-title":"A Language Adaptive Method for Question Answering on French and English","author":"Radoev Nikolay","key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","unstructured":"Nikolay Radoev, Amal Zouaq, Mathieu Tremblay, and Michel Gagnon. 2018. A Language Adaptive Method for Question Answering on French and English. In Semantic Web Challenges, Davide Buscaldi, Aldo Gangemi, and Diego Reforgiato\u00a0Recupero (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 98\u2013113."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3340531.3412777"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.websem.2014.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Technical Papers. 223\u2013231","author":"Snover Matthew","year":"2006","unstructured":"Matthew Snover, Bonnie Dorr, Richard Schwartz, Linnea Micciulla, and John Makhoul. 2006. A study of translation edit rate with targeted human annotation. In Proceedings of the 7th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Technical Papers. 223\u2013231."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yuqing Tang Chau Tran Xian Li Peng-Jen Chen Naman Goyal Vishrav Chaudhary Jiatao Gu and Angela Fan. 2020. Multilingual Translation with Extensible Multilingual Pretraining and Finetuning. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/ARXIV.2008.00401","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.2008.00401"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.findings-emnlp.215"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation (EAMT)","author":"Tiedemann J\u00f6rg","year":"2020","unstructured":"J\u00f6rg Tiedemann and Santhosh Thottingal. 2020. OPUS-MT \u2014 Building open translation services for the World. In Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation (EAMT). Lisbon, Portugal."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","first-page":"03","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Seventh Conference on Natural Language Learning at HLT-NAACL","author":"F.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Erik\u00a0F. Tjong Kim\u00a0Sang and Fien De\u00a0Meulder. 2003. Introduction to the CoNLL-2003 Shared Task: Language-Independent Named Entity Recognition. In Proceedings of the Seventh Conference on Natural Language Learning at HLT-NAACL 2003. 142\u2013147. https:\/\/aclanthology.org\/W03-0419"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics. Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"Ugawa Arata","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arata Ugawa, Akihiro Tamura, Takashi Ninomiya, Hiroya Takamura, and Manabu Okumura. 2018. Neural Machine Translation Incorporating Named Entity. In Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics. Association for Computational Linguistics, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA, 3240\u20133250. https:\/\/aclanthology.org\/C18-1274"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2736277.2741626"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"QALD-10 \u2014 The 10th Challenge on Question Answering over Linked Data. Under review in the Semantic Web Journal (02","author":"Usbeck Ricardo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ricardo Usbeck, Xi Yan, Aleksandr Perevalov, Longquan Jiang, Julius Schulz, Angelie Kraft, Cedric M\u00f6ller, Junbo Huang, Jan Reineke, Axel-Cyrille\u00a0Ngonga Ngomo, Muhammad Saleem, and Andreas Both. 2023. QALD-10 \u2014 The 10th Challenge on Question Answering over Linked Data. Under review in the Semantic Web Journal (02 2023). https:\/\/www.semantic-web-journal.net\/system\/files\/swj3357.pdf"},{"volume-title":"Breakthroughs in statistics","author":"Wilcoxon Frank","key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","unstructured":"Frank Wilcoxon. 1992. Individual comparisons by ranking methods. In Breakthroughs in statistics. Springer, 196\u2013202."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"Bertscore: Evaluating text generation with bert. arXiv preprint arXiv:1904.09675","author":"Zhang Tianyi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tianyi Zhang, Varsha Kishore, Felix Wu, Kilian\u00a0Q Weinberger, and Yoav Artzi. 2019. Bertscore: Evaluating text generation with bert. arXiv preprint arXiv:1904.09675 (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.coling-main.397"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Conference on International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence. 4039\u20134045","author":"Zhao Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang Zhao, Jiajun Zhang, Yu Zhou, and Chengqing Zong. 2021. Knowledge graphs enhanced neural machine translation. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Conference on International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence. 4039\u20134045."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.naacl-main.465"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2273011499"}],"event":{"name":"K-CAP '23: Knowledge Capture Conference 2023","sponsor":["SIGAI ACM Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence"],"location":"Pensacola FL USA","acronym":"K-CAP '23"},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 12th Knowledge Capture Conference 2023"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3587259.3627567","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3587259.3627567","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T23:44:56Z","timestamp":1755906296000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3587259.3627567"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3587259.3627567","10.1145\/3587259"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3587259.3627567","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}