{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T11:51:25Z","timestamp":1768996285682,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":182,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["CNS1947748 and HRD1953460"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS1947748 and HRD1953460"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Sen. Netw."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The tremendous potential of sensing and communication technologies has been explored and implemented for different remote event monitoring applications over the past two decades. However, the applicability of sensing and communication technologies is not necessarily limited to aboveground environments\u2014it is also implementable and applicable for subterranean, underground scenarios. However, as opposed to air medium, underground communication medium is quite harsh due to the presence of heterogeneous underground materials along with underground aqueous components. In this article, we provide a technical overview of different underground wireless communication technologies, namely radio, acoustic, magnetic, and visible light, along with their potentials and challenges for several underground applications. We also lay out a detailed comparison among these technologies along with their pros and cons using detailed experimental results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3587934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T12:14:47Z","timestamp":1678968887000},"page":"1-44","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Taking Wireless Underground: A Comprehensive Summary"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5478-4590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amitangshu","family":"Pal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6721-3316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongzhi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norfolk State University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8557-3999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sijung","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0185-0464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa Alper","family":"Akkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9492-4244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xufeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeastern University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Crossbow. n.d. MICAz. Retrieved March 20 2023 from http:\/\/courses.ece.ubc.ca\/494\/files\/MICAz_Datasheet.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Crossbow. n.d. MOTE-KIT MICA2. Retrieved March 20 2023 from http:\/\/www.cmt-gmbh.de\/Produkte\/WirelessSensorNetworks\/Datenblaetter\/MOTE-KIT_MICA2_Datasheet.pdf. ([n. d.])."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"Future Electronics. n.d. Near-Field Magnetic Induction for Wireless Audio and Data Streaming. Retrieved March 20 2023 from https:\/\/www.futureelectronics.com\/resources\/get-connected\/2017-06\/future-electronics-near-field-magnetic-induction."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"Natural Resources Conservation Service. n.d. Soil Texture Triangle. Retrieved March 1 2022 from https:\/\/www.nrcs.usda.gov\/Internet\/FSE_MEDIA\/nrcs142p2_050242.jpg."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"Red List. 2008. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved March 20 2023 from https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","unstructured":"CDC. 2009. Underground Coal Mining Disasters and Fatalities\u2014United States 1900\u20132006. Retrieved March 20 2023 from https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/preview\/mmwrhtml\/mm5751a3.htm."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","unstructured":"SYNAPSE Wireless. 2010. SYNAPSE RF300 Series Engines. Retrieved March 20 2023 from https:\/\/media.digikey.com\/pdf\/Data%20Sheets\/Synapse%20PDFs\/RF300_Br.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"Freelinc. 2019. Freelinc Home Page. Retrieved March 20 2023 from http:\/\/www.freelinc.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","unstructured":"Visible Assets Inc. 2019. RuBee. Retrieved March 20 2023 from http:\/\/ru-bee.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"CNN. 2020. 2010 Chilean Mine Rescue Fast Facts. Retrieved March 20 2023 from https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2013\/07\/13\/world\/americas\/chilean-mine-rescue\/index.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"GNU Radio. 2022. GNU Radio Home Page. Retrieved March 20 2023 from www.gnuradio.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"NI. 2022. LabVIEW. Retrieved March 20 2023 from www.ni.com\/en-us\/shop\/labview.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"MathWorks. 2022. MATLAB. Retrieved March 20 2023 from https:\/\/www.mathworks.com\/products\/matlab.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"Wikipedia. 2022. Soil. Retrieved March 20 2023 from https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soil."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"Ettus Research. 2022. USRP. Retrieved March 20 2023 from www.ettus.com\/products\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"3909","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON\u201914)","author":"Ahmad Talha J.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Talha J. Ahmad, Mohamed Noui-Mehidi, and Muhammad Arsalan. 2014. Performance analysis of downhole acoustic communication in multiphase flow. In Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON\u201914). 3909\u20133913."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2018.2841872","article-title":"Design and evaluation of low-cost and energy-efficient magneto-inductive sensor nodes for wireless sensor networks","volume":"13","author":"Ahmed Niaz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Niaz Ahmed, Andriy Radchenko, David Pommerenke, and Yahong Rosa Zheng. 2018. Design and evaluation of low-cost and energy-efficient magneto-inductive sensor nodes for wireless sensor networks. IEEE Systems Journal 13, 2 (2018), 1135\u20131144.","journal-title":"IEEE Systems Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1109\/ELECO.2015.7394548","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2015 9th International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ELECO\u201915)","author":"Akka\u015f M. A.","year":"2015","unstructured":"M. A. Akka\u015f, R. Sokullu, and A. Balc\u0131. 2015. Wireless sensor networks in oil pipeline systems using electromagnetic waves. In Proceedings of the 2015 9th International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ELECO\u201915). 143\u2013147."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2012.6503169","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM\u201912)","author":"Akkas Mustafa Alper","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mustafa Alper Akkas, Ian F. Akyildiz, and Radosveta Sokullu. 2012. Terahertz channel modeling of underground sensor networks in oil reservoirs. In Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM\u201912). 543\u2013548."},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2015.7321970","article-title":"Realizing underwater communication through magnetic induction","volume":"53","author":"Akyildiz Ian F.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ian F. Akyildiz, Pu Wang, and Zhi Sun. 2015. Realizing underwater communication through magnetic induction. IEEE Communications Magazine 53, 11 (2015), 42\u201348.","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Magazine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"0153","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCSP.2017.8286747","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP\u201917)","author":"Alenezi A.","year":"2017","unstructured":"A. Alenezi and A. Abdi. 2017. A comparative study of multichannel and single channel accelerometer sensors for communication in oil wells. In Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP\u201917). 0153\u20130156."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2013.2283995","article-title":"Direct antenna modulation (DAM) for enhanced capacity performance of near-field communication (NFC) link","volume":"61","author":"Azad Umar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Umar Azad and Yuanxun Ethan Wang. 2014. Direct antenna modulation (DAM) for enhanced capacity performance of near-field communication (NFC) link. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 61, 3 (2014), 902\u2013910.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3591","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2010.2047651","article-title":"Mutual inductance calculation between circular filaments arbitrarily positioned in space: Alternative to Grover\u2019s formula","volume":"46","author":"Babic Slobodan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Slobodan Babic, Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Sirois, Cevdet Akyel, and Claudio Girardi. 2010. Mutual inductance calculation between circular filaments arbitrarily positioned in space: Alternative to Grover\u2019s formula. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 46, 9 (2010), 3591\u20133600.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","volume-title":"Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design","author":"Balanis C. A.","year":"2015","unstructured":"C. A. Balanis. 2015. Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design. Wiley."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1061\/9780784482155.021","volume-title":"Geo-Congress 2019: Soil Erosion, Underground Engineering, and Risk Assessment","author":"Baltaji Omar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Omar Baltaji, Sijung Yang, Youssef M. A. Hashash, and Andrew Singer. 2019. Through-soil wireless communication system for embedded geotechnical instrumentation. In Geo-Congress 2019: Soil Erosion, Underground Engineering, and Risk Assessment. American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, 200\u2013208."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1908239","article-title":"Theory of elastic waves in a fluid-saturated porous solid. I. Low-frequency range","volume":"28","author":"Biot M. A.","year":"1956","unstructured":"M. A. Biot. 1956. Theory of elastic waves in a fluid-saturated porous solid. I. Low-frequency range. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 28 (1956), 168\u2013178.","journal-title":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1908241","article-title":"Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid-saturated porous solid. II. Higher frequency range","volume":"28","author":"Biot Maurice A.","year":"1956","unstructured":"Maurice A. Biot. 1956. Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid-saturated porous solid. II. Higher frequency range. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 28, 2 (1956), 179\u2013191.","journal-title":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.2136\/vzj2008.0138","article-title":"Hybrid wireless underground sensor networks: Quantification of signal attenuation in soil","volume":"8","author":"Bogena H. R.","year":"2009","unstructured":"H. R. Bogena, J. A. Huisman, H. Meier, U. Rosenbaum, and A. Weuthen. 2009. Hybrid wireless underground sensor networks: Quantification of signal attenuation in soil. Vadose Zone Journal 8, 3 (2009), 755\u2013761.","journal-title":"Vadose Zone Journal"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1049\/ree.1972.0076","article-title":"Conduction and magnetic signalling in the sea a background review","volume":"42","author":"Bogie I. S.","year":"1972","unstructured":"I. S. Bogie. 1972. Conduction and magnetic signalling in the sea a background review. Radio and Electronic Engineer 42, 10 (1972), 447\u2013452.","journal-title":"Radio and Electronic Engineer"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas D. Brumleve Mearle G. Hicks and Milton O. Jones. 1975. System for remote control of underground device. US Patent 3 914 732. October 21 1975.","DOI":"10.1049\/ep.1975.0966"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2021046","article-title":"A comparison between Biot model predictions and shear wave attenuation measurements in unconsolidated laboratory sediments","volume":"74","author":"Brunson Burlie A.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Burlie A. Brunson. 1983. A comparison between Biot model predictions and shear wave attenuation measurements in unconsolidated laboratory sediments. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 74, S1 (1983), 59.","journal-title":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of IEEE SoutheastCon 2015","author":"Cambron Mark E.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mark E. Cambron, Chad Brode, Philip Butler, and Geoffrey Olszewkski. 2015. Poacher detection at fence crossing. In Proceedings of IEEE SoutheastCon 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 15th Annual IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking (SECON\u201918)","author":"Cao Guodong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guodong Cao, Hao Zhou, Hangkai Zhang, Jun Xu, Panlong Yang, and Xiang-Yang Li. 2018. Requirement-driven magnetic beamforming for MIMO wireless power transfer optimization. In Proceedings of the 2018 15th Annual IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking (SECON\u201918). IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 1\u20139."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1145\/3359427.3361912","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Data Acquisition (DATA\u201919)","author":"Cardell-Oliver Rachel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rachel Cardell-Oliver, Christof H\u00fcbner, Matthias Leopold, and Jason Beringer. 2019. Dataset: LoRa underground farm sensor network. In Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Data Acquisition (DATA\u201919). 26\u201328."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","article-title":"Continent-wide survey reveals massive decline in African savannah elephants","volume":"4","author":"Chase Michael J.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Michael J. Chase, Scott Schlossberg, Curtice R. Griffin, Philippe Bouch\u00e9, Sintayehu W. Djene, Paul W. Elkan, Sam M. Ferreira, et\u00a0al. 2016. Continent-wide survey reveals massive decline in African savannah elephants. PeerJ 4 (2016), e2354.","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC\u201918)","author":"Chowdhury Sakil Ahmed","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sakil Ahmed Chowdhury, Abderrahim Benslimane, and Farzana Akhter. 2018. Autonomous mobile chargers for rechargeable sensor networks using space filling curve. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC\u201918). 1\u20136."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","unstructured":"Wikimedia Commons. 2020. Retrieved March 1 2022 from https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=File:SoilTexture_USDA.png&oldid=489649943."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","unstructured":"Wikipedia Contributors. 2022. Soil Chemistry. Retrieved March 1 2022 from https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Soil_chemistry&oldid=1074263861."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","volume-title":"Software Defined Radio: Architectures, Systems and Functions","author":"Dillinger Markus","year":"2005","unstructured":"Markus Dillinger, Kambiz Madani, and Nancy Alonistioti. 2005. Software Defined Radio: Architectures, Systems and Functions. John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","first-page":"1041","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Conference on Computer and Communications (ICCC\u201917).","author":"Du D.","year":"2017","unstructured":"D. Du, H. Zhang, J. Yang, and P. Yang. 2017. Propagation characteristics of the underground-to-aboveground communication link about 2.4GHz and 433MHz radio wave: An empirical study in the pine forest of Guizhou Province. In Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Conference on Computer and Communications (ICCC\u201917).1041\u20131045."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1109\/MAP.2015.2437281","article-title":"Wireless nonradiative energy transfer: Antenna performance enhancement techniques.","volume":"57","author":"Eteng A. A.","year":"2015","unstructured":"A. A. Eteng, S. K. A. Rahim, and C. Y. Leow. 2015. Wireless nonradiative energy transfer: Antenna performance enhancement techniques. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 57, 3 (2015), 16\u201322.","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","volume-title":"Acoustical Communications for Wireless Downhole Telemetry System","author":"Farraj Abdallah","year":"2012","unstructured":"Abdallah Farraj. 2012. Acoustical Communications for Wireless Downhole Telemetry System. Ph.D. Dissertation. Texas A&M University."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition","author":"Farraj Abdallah","year":"2012","unstructured":"Abdallah Farraj, Scott Miller, and Khalid Qaraqe. 2012. Channel characterization for acoustic downhole communication systems. In Proceedings of the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. DOI:10.2118\/158939-MS"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IADC\/SPE Drilling Conference","author":"Gardner Wallace","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wallace Gardner, Ronald Hyden, Eugene Linyaev, Li Gao, Carl Robbins, and Jeff Moore. 2006. Acoustic telemetry delivers more real-time downhole data in underbalanced drilling operations. In Proceedings of the IADC\/SPE Drilling Conference. DOI:10.2118\/98948-MS"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/9780784413272.253"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC\u201919)","author":"Gulati Rajpreet Kaur","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rajpreet Kaur Gulati, Amitangshu Pal, and Krishna Kant. 2019. Experimental evaluation of a near-field magnetic induction based communication system. In Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC\u201919). IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 1\u20136."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","first-page":"42","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 6th IEEE International Conference on Wireless for Space and Extreme Environments (WiSEE\u201918)","author":"Guo Hongzhi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hongzhi Guo. 2018. Through-metal wireless communications with magnetic induction. In Proceedings of the 2018 6th IEEE International Conference on Wireless for Space and Extreme Environments (WiSEE\u201918). IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 42\u201347."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.2528\/PIERL20010702","article-title":"Performance analysis of near-field magnetic induction communication in extreme environments","volume":"90","author":"Guo Hongzhi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hongzhi Guo. 2020. Performance analysis of near-field magnetic induction communication in extreme environments. Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters 90 (2020), 77\u201383.","journal-title":"Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2020.3026952","article-title":"Joint channel and antenna modeling for magnetic induction communication in inhomogeneous media","volume":"1","author":"Guo Hongzhi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hongzhi Guo and Albert Aninagyei Ofori. 2020. Joint channel and antenna modeling for magnetic induction communication in inhomogeneous media. IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society 1 (2020), 1457\u20131469.","journal-title":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115428","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2934418","article-title":"Reliable through-metal wireless communication using magnetic induction","volume":"7","author":"Guo Hongzhi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hongzhi Guo and Kyo D. Song. 2019. Reliable through-metal wireless communication using magnetic induction. IEEE Access 7 (2019), 115428\u2013115439.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2258","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2013.031314.130835","article-title":"Channel and energy modeling for self-contained wireless sensor networks in oil reservoirs","volume":"13","author":"Guo Hongzhi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hongzhi Guo and Zhi Sun. 2014. Channel and energy modeling for self-contained wireless sensor networks in oil reservoirs. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 13, 4 (2014), 2258\u20132269.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM\u201916)","author":"Guo Hongzhi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hongzhi Guo and Zhi Sun. 2016. Increasing the capacity of magnetic induction communication using MIMO coil-array. In Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM\u201916). IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 1\u20136."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","first-page":"962","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS\u201917)","author":"Guo Hongzhi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hongzhi Guo and Zhi Sun. 2017. Demo abstract: Prototyping M \\(^2\\) I communication system for underground and underwater networks. In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS\u201917). IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 962\u2013963."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC\u201919)","author":"Guo Hongzhi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hongzhi Guo and Zhi Sun. 2019. Inter-media backscatter communications with magnetic induction. In Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC\u201919). IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 1\u20136."},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5072","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2015.2480095","article-title":"M \\(^2\\) I: Channel modeling for metamaterial-enhanced magnetic induction communications","volume":"63","author":"Guo Hongzhi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hongzhi Guo, Zhi Sun, Jingbo Sun, and Natalia M. Litchinitser. 2015. M \\(^2\\) I: Channel modeling for metamaterial-enhanced magnetic induction communications. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 63, 11 (2015), 5072\u20135087.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM\u201915)","author":"Guo Hongzhi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hongzhi Guo, Zhi Sun, and Pu Wang. 2015. Channel modeling of mi underwater communication using tri-directional coil antenna. In Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM\u201915). IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 1\u20136."},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6619","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2017.2664099","article-title":"Multiple frequency band channel modeling and analysis for magnetic induction communication in practical underwater environments","volume":"66","author":"Guo Hongzhi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hongzhi Guo, Zhi Sun, and Pu Wang. 2017. Multiple frequency band channel modeling and analysis for magnetic induction communication in practical underwater environments. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 66, 8 (2017), 6619\u20136632.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17213","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2719406","article-title":"Practical design and implementation of metamaterial-enhanced magnetic induction communication","volume":"5","author":"Guo Hongzhi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hongzhi Guo, Zhi Sun, and Chi Zhou. 2017. Practical design and implementation of metamaterial-enhanced magnetic induction communication. IEEE Access 5 (2017), 17213\u201317229.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","first-page":"4883","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE ICASSP","author":"Gutierrez-Estevez Miguel Angel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Miguel Angel Gutierrez-Estevez, Udo Kr\u00fcger, Kirsten A. Krueger, Konstantinos Manolakis, and Volker Jungnickel. 2013. Acoustic channel model for adaptive downhole communication over deep drill strings. In Proceedings of the IEEE ICASSP. 4883\u20134887."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4089","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2013.6555232","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC\u201913)","author":"Gutierrez-Estevez Miguel Angel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Miguel Angel Gutierrez-Estevez, Udo Kr\u00fcger, Kirsten A. Krueger, Konstantinos Manolakis, Volker Jungnickel, Katrin Jaksch, Kai Kr\u00fcger, Stefan Mikulla, Robert Giese, Michael Sohmer, and Matthias Reich. 2013. Acoustic broadband communications over deep drill strings using adaptive OFDM. In Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC\u201913). 4089\u20134094."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"Acoustic properties of sediments","author":"Hamilton E. L.","year":"1987","unstructured":"E. L. Hamilton. 1987. Acoustic properties of sediments. In Acoustics and Ocean Bottom, A. Lara-Saenz, C. Ranz-Guerra, and C. Caro-Fite (Eds.). Sociedad Espanola de Acustica, Instituto de Acustica\u2014CSIC, 3\u201358.","journal-title":"Acoustics and Ocean Bottom,"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Deep-Sea Sediments","author":"Hamilton Edwin L.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Edwin L. Hamilton. 1974. Prediction of deep-sea sediment properties: State-of-the-art. In Deep-Sea Sediments. Springer, 1\u201343."},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1121\/1.385100","article-title":"Geoacoustic modeling of the sea floor","volume":"68","author":"Hamilton Edwin L.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Edwin L. Hamilton. 1980. Geoacoustic modeling of the sea floor. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 68, 5 (1980), 1313\u20131340.","journal-title":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","article-title":"Shear modulus and damping in soils: Design equations and curves","volume":"98","author":"Hardin Bobby O.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Bobby O. Hardin and Vincent P. Drnevich. 1972. Shear modulus and damping in soils: Design equations and curves. Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division 98, 7 (1972), 667\u2013692.","journal-title":"Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","unstructured":"Jerald L. Harmon and William T. Bell. 2003. Downhole process control method utilizing seismic communication. US Patent 6 584 406 June 24 2003."},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1121\/1.383653","article-title":"Viscous attenuation of sound in saturated sand","volume":"66","author":"Hovem Jens M.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Jens M. Hovem and Greg D. Ingram. 1979. Viscous attenuation of sound in saturated sand. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 66, 6 (1979), 1807\u20131812.","journal-title":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6844","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.3006230","article-title":"Adaptive modulation for long-range underwater acoustic communication","volume":"19","author":"Huang Jianchun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jianchun Huang and Roee Diamant. 2020. Adaptive modulation for long-range underwater acoustic communication. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 19, 10 (2020), 6844\u20136857.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2416","DOI":"10.1109\/20.390151","article-title":"Calculation of self and mutual impedances in planar magnetic structures","volume":"31","author":"Hurley William Gerard","year":"1995","unstructured":"William Gerard Hurley and Maeve C. Duffy. 1995. Calculation of self and mutual impedances in planar magnetic structures. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 31, 4 (1995), 2416\u20132422.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOM.1968.1089861","article-title":"Communications via seismic waves employing 80-Hz resonant seismic transducers","volume":"16","author":"Ikrath K.","year":"1968","unstructured":"K. Ikrath and W. Schneider. 1968. Communications via seismic waves employing 80-Hz resonant seismic transducers. IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology 16, 3 (1968), 439\u2013444.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1145\/2639108.2639130","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking","author":"Jadidian Jouya","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jouya Jadidian and Dina Katabi. 2014. Magnetic MIMO: How to charge your phone in your pocket. In Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking. ACM, New York, NY, 495\u2013506."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation","author":"Jiang S.","year":"2012","unstructured":"S. Jiang, S. V. Georgakopoulos, and O. Jonah. 2012. RF power harvesting for underground sensors. In Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation. 1\u20132."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96879","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2928876","article-title":"Underwater wireless sensor networks: A survey on enabling technologies, localization protocols, and Internet of Underwater Things","volume":"7","author":"Jouhari Mohammed","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mohammed Jouhari, Khalil Ibrahimi, Hamidou Tembine, and Jalel Ben-Othman. 2019. Underwater wireless sensor networks: A survey on enabling technologies, localization protocols, and Internet of Underwater Things. IEEE Access 7 (2019), 96879\u201396899.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2013.6654733","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC\u201913)","author":"Kahrobaee Salman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Salman Kahrobaee and Mehmet C. Vuran. 2013. Vibration energy harvesting for wireless underground sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC\u201913). 1543\u20131548."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.3390\/s18051474","article-title":"Poaching detection technologies\u2014A survey","volume":"18","author":"Kamminga Jacob","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jacob Kamminga, Eyuel Debebe Ayele, Nirvana Meratnia, and Paul Havinga. 2018. Poaching detection technologies\u2014A survey. Sensors 18 (2018), 1474.","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","article-title":"Efficient wireless non-radiative mid-range energy transfer","volume":"323","author":"Karalis Aristeidis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Aristeidis Karalis, J. D. Joannopoulos, and Marin Soljacic. 2006. Efficient wireless non-radiative mid-range energy transfer. Annals of Physics 323, 1 (2006), 34\u201348.","journal-title":"Annals of Physics"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2417576","article-title":"LED based indoor visible light communications: State of the art","volume":"17","author":"Karunatilaka Dilukshan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dilukshan Karunatilaka, Fahad Zafar, Vineetha Kalavally, and Rajendran Parthiban. 2015. LED based indoor visible light communications: State of the art. IEEE Communication Surveys & Tutorials 17, 3 (2015), 1649\u20131678.","journal-title":"IEEE Communication Surveys & Tutorials"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1121\/1.398195","article-title":"Attenuation of sound in marine sediments: A review with emphasis on new low-frequency data","volume":"86","author":"Kibblewhite Alick C.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Alick C. Kibblewhite. 1989. Attenuation of sound in marine sediments: A review with emphasis on new low-frequency data. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 86, 2 (1989), 716\u2013738.","journal-title":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0267-7261(00)00002-6","article-title":"Propagation and attenuation characteristics of various ground vibrations","volume":"19","author":"Kim Dong-Soo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dong-Soo Kim and Jin-Sun Lee. 2000. Propagation and attenuation characteristics of various ground vibrations. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 19, 2 (2000), 115\u2013126.","journal-title":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21264","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2757267","article-title":"Review of near-field wireless power and communication for biomedical applications","volume":"5","author":"Kim Han-Joon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Han-Joon Kim, Hiroshi Hirayama, Sanghoek Kim, Ki Jin Han, Rui Zhang, and Ji-Woong Choi. 2017. Review of near-field wireless power and communication for biomedical applications. IEEE Access 5 (2017), 21264\u201321285.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34190","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2849093","article-title":"Nearly non-coupling coil array allowing many independent channels for magnetic communication","volume":"6","author":"Kim Han-Joon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Han-Joon Kim, Kyungtae Kim, Sungmin Han, Dong-Wook Seo, and Ji-Woong Choi. 2018. Nearly non-coupling coil array allowing many independent channels for magnetic communication. IEEE Access 6 (2018), 34190\u201334197.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2016.2539371","article-title":"Near-field magnetic induction MIMO communication using heterogeneous multipole loop antenna array for higher data rate transmission","volume":"64","author":"Kim Han-Joon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Han-Joon Kim, Jinho Park, Kyoung-Sub Oh, Jihwan P. Choi, Jae Eun Jang, and Ji-Woong Choi. 2016. Near-field magnetic induction MIMO communication using heterogeneous multipole loop antenna array for higher data rate transmission. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 64, 5 (2016), 1952\u20131962.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2300","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2015.2425891","article-title":"Digital signal transmission in magnetic induction based wireless underground sensor networks","volume":"63","author":"Kisseleff Steven","year":"2015","unstructured":"Steven Kisseleff, Ian F. Akyildiz, and Wolfgang H. Gerstacker. 2015. Digital signal transmission in magnetic induction based wireless underground sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Communications 63, 6 (2015), 2300\u20132311.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Communications"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4843","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2870289","article-title":"Survey on advances in magnetic induction-based wireless underground sensor networks","volume":"5","author":"Kisseleff Steven","year":"2018","unstructured":"Steven Kisseleff, Ian F. Akyildiz, and Wolfgang H. Gerstacker. 2018. Survey on advances in magnetic induction-based wireless underground sensor networks. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 5, 6 (2018), 4843\u20134856.","journal-title":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2013.6554972","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC\u201913)","author":"Kisseleff Steven","year":"2013","unstructured":"Steven Kisseleff, W. Gerstacker, Robert Schober, Zhi Sun, and Ian F. Akyildiz. 2013. Channel capacity of magnetic induction based wireless underground sensor networks under practical constraints. In Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC\u201913). IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 2603\u20132608."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1520\/GTJ10736J","article-title":"Methods for broad-band dielectric permittivity measurements (soil-water mixtures, 5 Hz to 1.3 GHz)","volume":"20","author":"Klein Katherine","year":"1997","unstructured":"Katherine Klein and J. Carlos Santamarina. 1997. Methods for broad-band dielectric permittivity measurements (soil-water mixtures, 5 Hz to 1.3 GHz). Geotechnical Testing Journal 20, 2 (1997), 168\u2013178.","journal-title":"Geotechnical Testing Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","first-page":"296","article-title":"Led-based visible light communication system: A brief survey and investigation","author":"Kumar Navin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Navin Kumar and N. R. Lourenco. 2010. Led-based visible light communication system: A brief survey and investigation. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 5, 4 (2010), 296\u2013307.","journal-title":"Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences"},{"issue":"5834","key":"e_1_3_2_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1143254","article-title":"Wireless power transfer via strongly coupled magnetic resonances","volume":"317","author":"Kurs Andre","year":"2007","unstructured":"Andre Kurs, Aristeidis Karalis, Robert Moffatt, J. D. Joannopoulos, Peter Fisher, and Marin Soljacic. 2007. Wireless power transfer via strongly coupled magnetic resonances. Science 317, 5834 (2007), 83\u201386.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_2","first-page":"1138","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 13th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC\u201917)","author":"Lasla Noureddine","year":"2017","unstructured":"Noureddine Lasla, Abdelmalik Bachir, and Mohamed F. Younis. 2017. Area-based vs. multilateration localization: A comparative study of estimated position error. In Proceedings of the 2017 13th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC\u201917). IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 1138\u20131143."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1109\/ICUFN.2019.8806162","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 11th International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN\u201919)","author":"Lee G.","year":"2019","unstructured":"G. Lee, J. Lee, T. Kang, K. Kim, and W. Kim. 2019. Experimental results of long range underwater communication based on chirp-FH signals. In Proceedings of the 2019 11th International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN\u201919). 39\u201341."},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_2_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5393","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2020.2965398","article-title":"Novel communication channel model for signal propagation and loss through layered earth","volume":"58","author":"LeVan D. O.","year":"2020","unstructured":"D. O. LeVan. 2020. Novel communication channel model for signal propagation and loss through layered earth. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 58, 8 (2020), 5393\u20135399.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_2","first-page":"92","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Mediterranean Ad Hoc Networking Workshop","author":"Li Li","year":"2007","unstructured":"Li Li, Mehmet C. Vuran, and Ian F. Akyildiz. 2007. Characteristics of underground channel for wireless underground sensor networks. In Proceedings of the Mediterranean Ad Hoc Networking Workshop. 92\u201399."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_93_2","first-page":"Article 10, 29","article-title":"Underground coal mine monitoring with wireless sensor networks","volume":"5","author":"Li Mo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mo Li and Yunhao Liu. 2009. Underground coal mine monitoring with wireless sensor networks. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks 5, 2 (2009), Article 10, 29 pages.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2014.7037119","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM\u201914)","author":"Li Y.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Y. Li, S. Videv, M. Abdallah, K. Qaraqe, M. Uysal, and H. Haas. 2014. Single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) VLC system and application to downhole monitoring. In Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM\u201914). 2108\u20132113."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2019.2897610"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 13th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP\u201919)","author":"Li Zhangyu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhangyu Li and Zhi Sun. 2019. Antenna system optimization for active metamaterial-enhanced magnetic induction communications. In Proceedings of the 2019 13th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP\u201919). IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 1\u20135."},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2729887","article-title":"Magnetic induction-based localization in randomly deployed wireless underground sensor networks","volume":"4","author":"Lin Shih-Chun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shih-Chun Lin, Abdallah Awadh Alshehri, Pu Wang, and Ian F Akyildiz. 2017. Magnetic induction-based localization in randomly deployed wireless underground sensor networks. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 4, 5 (2017), 1454\u20131465.","journal-title":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_98_2","article-title":"Design of acoustic transmission along drill strings for logging while drilling data based on adaptive NC-OFDM","volume":"83","author":"Ma Dong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dong Ma, Yibing Shi, Wei Zhang, and Guozhen Liu. 2017. Design of acoustic transmission along drill strings for logging while drilling data based on adaptive NC-OFDM. AEU\u2013International Journal of Electronics and Communications 83 (2017), 329\u2013338.","journal-title":"AEU\u2013International Journal of Electronics and Communications"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_99_2","first-page":"317","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2012 ACM\/IEEE 11th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN\u201912)","author":"Markham Andrew","year":"2012","unstructured":"Andrew Markham and Niki Trigoni. 2012. Magneto-Inductive NEtworked Rescue System (MINERS): Taking sensor networks underground. In Proceedings of the 2012 ACM\/IEEE 11th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN\u201912). ACM, New York, NY, 317\u2013328."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_100_2","first-page":"317","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2012 ACM\/IEEE11th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN\u201912)","author":"Markham Andrew","year":"2012","unstructured":"Andrew Markham and Niki Trigoni. 2012. Magneto-Inductive NEtworked Rescue System (MINERS): Taking sensor networks underground. In Proceedings of the 2012 ACM\/IEEE11th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN\u201912). ACM, New York, NY, 317\u2013328."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_101_2","first-page":"317","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2012 ACM\/IEEE11th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN\u201912)","author":"Markham Andrew","year":"2012","unstructured":"Andrew Markham and Niki Trigoni. 2012. Magneto-Inductive NEtworked Rescue System (MINERS): Taking sensor networks underground. In Proceedings of the 2012 ACM\/IEEE11th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN\u201912). ACM, New York, NY, 317\u2013328."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrew Markham Niki Trigoni Stephen A. Ellwood and David W. Macdonald. 2010. Revealing the hidden lives of underground animals using magneto-inductive tracking. In Proceedings of the 8th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys\u201910) . New York NY 281\u2013294.","DOI":"10.1145\/1869983.1870011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1145\/1869983.1870011","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys\u201910)","author":"Markham Andrew","year":"2010","unstructured":"Andrew Markham, Niki Trigoni, Stephen A. Ellwood, and David W. Macdonald. 2010. Revealing the hidden lives of underground animals using magneto-inductive tracking. In Proceedings of the 8th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys\u201910). ACM, New York, NY, 281\u2013294."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_104_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2010 5th International Conference on Broadband and Biomedical Communications (IB2Com\u201910)","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mehrnoush Masihpour and Johnson I. Agbinya. 2010. Cooperative relay in near field magnetic induction: A new technology for embedded medical communication systems. In Proceedings of the 2010 5th International Conference on Broadband and Biomedical Communications (IB2Com\u201910). 1\u20136."},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_105_2","first-page":"999","article-title":"Multihop relay techniques for communication range extension in near-field magnetic induction communication systems","volume":"8","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mehrnoush Masihpour, Daniel Robert Franklin, and Mehran Abolhasan. 2013. Multihop relay techniques for communication range extension in near-field magnetic induction communication systems. Journal of Networks 8, 5 (2013), 999\u20131011.","journal-title":"Journal of Networks"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_106_2","first-page":"200","volume-title":"Geotechnical Special Publication (GSP ed.)","author":"Meehan Christopher L.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Christopher L. Meehan, Sanjeev Kumar, Miguel A. Pando, Joseph T. Coe, Omar Baltaji, Sijung Yang, Youssef M. A. Hashash, and Andrew Singer. 2019. Through-soil wireless communication system for embedded geotechnical instrumentation. In Geotechnical Special Publication (GSP ed.), Miguel A. Pando, Joseph T. Coe, Christopher L. Meehan, and Sanjeev Kumar (Eds.). American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 200\u2013208."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/JPHOT.2018.2819723","article-title":"Visible light channel modeling for gas pipelines","volume":"10","author":"Miramirkhani F.","year":"2018","unstructured":"F. Miramirkhani, M. Uysal, O. Narmanlioglu, M. Abdallah, and K. Qaraqe. 2018. Visible light channel modeling for gas pipelines. IEEE Photonics Journal 10, 2 (2018), 1\u201310.","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4104","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2019.2902707","article-title":"Channel capacity of magnetic communication in a general medium incorporating full-wave analysis and high-frequency effects","volume":"67","author":"Morag Yahav","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yahav Morag, Nikolay Tal, Yehuda Leviatan, and Yoash Levron. 2019. Channel capacity of magnetic communication in a general medium incorporating full-wave analysis and high-frequency effects. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 67, 6 (2019), 4104\u20134118.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_109_2","first-page":"562","article-title":"Effect of drip irrigation and plastic mulch on yield, water use efficiency and benefit-cost ratio of pea cultivation","volume":"46","year":"1998","unstructured":"J. N. Raina, B. C. Thakur, and A. R. Bhandari. 1998. Effect of drip irrigation and plastic mulch on yield, water use efficiency and benefit-cost ratio of pea cultivation. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science 46, 4 (1998), 562\u2013567.","journal-title":"Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_110_2","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communication Technology","author":"Chaamwe Nchimunya","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nchimunya Chaamwe, Wenyu Liu, and Hongbo Jiang. 2010. Wave propagation communication models for wireless underground sensor networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communication Technology. 9\u201312."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_111_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IADC\/SPE Drilling Conference","author":"Neff James Michael","year":"2007","unstructured":"James Michael Neff and Paul Leonard Camwell. 2007. Field test results of an acoustic telemetry MWD system. In Proceedings of the IADC\/SPE Drilling Conference. DOI:10.2118\/105021-MS"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1906620","article-title":"Experiments on acoustic absorption in sand and soil","volume":"22","author":"Nyborg W. L.","year":"1950","unstructured":"W. L. Nyborg, I. Rudnick, and H. K. Schilling. 1950. Experiments on acoustic absorption in sand and soil. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 22, 4 (1950), 422\u2013425.","journal-title":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1906620","article-title":"Experiments on acoustic absorption in sand and soil","volume":"22","author":"Nyborg W. L.","year":"1950","unstructured":"W. L. Nyborg, I. Rudnick, and H. K. Schilling. 1950. Experiments on acoustic absorption in sand and soil. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 22, 4 (1950), 422\u2013425.","journal-title":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_114_2","volume-title":"Acoustic Characterization of Soil","author":"Jr. William D O\u2019Brien","year":"1996","unstructured":"William D O\u2019Brien Jr., Robert G. Darmondy, and David C. Munson Jr. 1996. Acoustic Characterization of Soil. Technical Report. Illinois University at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Sciences and Technology."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2002.7880","article-title":"Measurement of attenuation and speed of sound in soils","volume":"66","author":"Oelze Michael L.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Michael L. Oelze, William D. O\u2019Brien, and Robert G. Darmody. 2002. Measurement of attenuation and speed of sound in soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 66, 3 (2002), 788\u2013796.","journal-title":"Soil Science Society of America Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2015.08.011","article-title":"Wireless sensor networks for agriculture: The state-of-the-art in practice and future challenges","volume":"118","author":"Ojha Tamoghna","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tamoghna Ojha, Sudip Misra, and Narendra Singh Raghuwanshi. 2015. Wireless sensor networks for agriculture: The state-of-the-art in practice and future challenges. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 118 (2015), 66\u201384.","journal-title":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_2_117_2","article-title":"Light based underwater wireless communications","volume":"57","author":"Oubei Hassan M.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hassan M. Oubei, Chao Shen, Abla Kammoun, Emna Zedini, Ki-Hong Park, Xiaobin Sun, Guangyu Liu, et\u00a0al. 2018. Light based underwater wireless communications. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 57, 8S2 (2018), 08PAO6.","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Applied Physics"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_118_2","first-page":"383","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE 42nd Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN\u201917)","author":"Pal Amitangshu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Amitangshu Pal and Krishna Kant. 2017. Magnetic induction based sensing and localization for fresh food logistics. In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE 42nd Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN\u201917). IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 383\u2013391."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2019.2892862","article-title":"NFMI: Connectivity for short-range IoT applications","volume":"52","author":"Pal Amitangshu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Amitangshu Pal and Krishna Kant. 2019. NFMI: Connectivity for short-range IoT applications. Computer 52, 2 (2019), 63\u201367.","journal-title":"Computer"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_120_2","article-title":"NFMI: Near field magnetic induction based communication","author":"Pal Amitangshu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amitangshu Pal and Krishna Kant. 2020. NFMI: Near field magnetic induction based communication. Computer Networks 181 (2020), 107548.","journal-title":"Computer Networks"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2476474","article-title":"Visible light communication, networking, and sensing: A survey, potential and challenges","volume":"17","author":"Pathak Parth H.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Parth H. Pathak, Xiaotao Feng, Pengfei Hu, and Prasant Mohapatra. 2015. Visible light communication, networking, and sensing: A survey, potential and challenges. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials 17, 4 (2015), 2047\u20132077.","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_122_2","first-page":"610","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communication Systems (ICCS\u201914)","author":"Pelekanakis Konstantinos","year":"2014","unstructured":"Konstantinos Pelekanakis, Mandar A. Chitre, Lakshmi Sutha Kumar, and Yong Liang Guan. 2014. Performance of channel coding and equalization for acoustic telemetry along drill strings. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communication Systems (ICCS\u201914). 610\u2013614."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"0320","DOI":"10.4401\/ag-6990","article-title":"Profiles of relative permittivity and electrical conductivity from unsaturated soil water content models","volume":"59","author":"Porretta Roberta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roberta Porretta and Fabio Bianchi. 2016. Profiles of relative permittivity and electrical conductivity from unsaturated soil water content models. Annals of Geophysics 59, 3 (2016), 0320.","journal-title":"Annals of Geophysics"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2012.09.002","article-title":"Design, development, and deployment of a wireless sensor network for detection of landslides","volume":"13","author":"Ramesh Maneesha Vinodini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Maneesha Vinodini Ramesh. 2014. Design, development, and deployment of a wireless sensor network for detection of landslides. Ad Hoc Networks 13 (2014), 2\u201318.","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Networks"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_125_2","article-title":"On-site and external energy harvesting in underground wireless","volume":"9","author":"Raza Usman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Usman Raza and Abdul Salam. 2020. On-site and external energy harvesting in underground wireless. Electronics 9, 4 (2020), 681.","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.3390\/smartcities3020017","article-title":"Zenneck waves in decision agriculture: An empirical verification and application in EM-based underground wireless power transfer","volume":"3","author":"Raza Usman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Usman Raza and Abdul Salam. 2020. Zenneck waves in decision agriculture: An empirical verification and application in EM-based underground wireless power transfer. Smart Cities 3, 2 (2020), 308\u2013340.","journal-title":"Smart Cities"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_127_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2014 Underwater Communications and Networking (UComms\u201914)","author":"Riedl Thomas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Thomas Riedl and Andrew Singer. 2014. Towards a video-capable wireless underwater modem: Doppler tolerant broadband acoustic communication. In Proceedings of the 2014 Underwater Communications and Networking (UComms\u201914). IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 1\u20135."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_128_2","volume-title":"Formulas and Tables for the Calculation of Mutual and Self-Inductance","author":"Rosa Edward Bennett","year":"1948","unstructured":"Edward Bennett Rosa and Frederick Warren Grover. 1948. Formulas and Tables for the Calculation of Mutual and Self-Inductance. Number 169. U.S. Government Printing Office."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3443","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2019.2934365","article-title":"Toward the Internet of Underground Things: A systematic survey","volume":"21","author":"Saeed Nasir","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nasir Saeed, Mohamed-Slim Alouini, and Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri. 2019. Toward the Internet of Underground Things: A systematic survey. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials 21, 4 (2019), 3443\u20133466.","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_130_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2016 25th International Conference on Computer Communication and Networks (ICCCN\u201916)","author":"Salam Abdul","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abdul Salam and Mehmet Can Vuran. 2016. Impacts of soil type and moisture on the capacity of multi-carrier modulation in Internet of Underground Things. In Proceedings of the 2016 25th International Conference on Computer Communication and Networks (ICCCN\u201916). 1\u20139."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_131_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC\u201917)","author":"Salam Abdul","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abdul Salam and Mehmet C. Vuran. 2017. Wireless underground channel diversity reception with multiple antennas for Internet of Underground Things. In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC\u201917). 1\u20137."},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3996","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2019.2902646","article-title":"A theoretical model of underground dipole antennas for communications in Internet of Underground Things","volume":"67","author":"Salam Abdul","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abdul Salam, Mehmet C. Vuran, Xin Dong, Christos Argyropoulos, and Suat Irmak. 2019. A theoretical model of underground dipole antennas for communications in Internet of Underground Things. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 67, 6 (2019), 3996\u20134009.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2019.01.001","article-title":"Di-Sense: In situ real-time permittivity estimation and soil moisture sensing using wireless underground communications","volume":"151","author":"Salam Abdul","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abdul Salam, Mehmet C. Vuran, and Suat Irmak. 2019. Di-Sense: In situ real-time permittivity estimation and soil moisture sensing using wireless underground communications. Computer Networks 151 (2019), 31\u201341.","journal-title":"Computer Networks"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_2_134_2","article-title":"Underwater optical wireless communications: Overview","volume":"20","author":"Spagnolo Giuseppe Schirripa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Giuseppe Schirripa Spagnolo, Lorenzo Cozzella, and Fabio Leccese. 2020. Underwater optical wireless communications: Overview. Sensors 20, 8 (2020), 2261.","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_135_2","first-page":"1178","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops","author":"Shah G. A.","year":"2009","unstructured":"G. A. Shah. 2009. A survey on medium access control in underwater acoustic sensor networks. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops. 1178\u20131183."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1109\/58.842062","article-title":"A general statistical model for ultrasonic backscattering from tissues","volume":"47","author":"Shankar P. Mohana","year":"2000","unstructured":"P. Mohana Shankar. 2000. A general statistical model for ultrasonic backscattering from tissues. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 47, 3 (2000), 727\u2013736.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_137_2","first-page":"926","article-title":"Magnetic induction-based non-conventional media communications: A review","volume":"17","author":"Sharma Ashish Kumar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ashish Kumar Sharma, Sadanand Yadav, Sandeep N. Dandu, Vinay Kumar, Joydeep Sengupta, Sanjay B. Dhok, and Sudhir Kumar. 2016. Magnetic induction-based non-conventional media communications: A review. IEEE Sensors Journal 17, 4 (2016), 926\u2013940.","journal-title":"IEEE Sensors Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_138_2","first-page":"SPIE, 29\u201337","volume-title":"Proceedings Volume 10939: Novel In-Plane Semiconductor Lasers XVIII","author":"Shen Chao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chao Shen, Omar Alkhazragi, Xiaobin Sun, Yujian Guo, Tien Khee Ng, and Boon S. Ooi. 2019. Laser-based visible light communications and underwater wireless optical communications: A device perspective.In Proceedings Volume 10939: Novel In-Plane Semiconductor Lasers XVIII. SPIE, 29\u201337."},{"issue":"28","key":"e_1_3_2_139_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7250","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1704450114","article-title":"High-speed acoustic communication by multiplexing orbital angular momentum","volume":"114","author":"Shi Chengzhi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chengzhi Shi, Marc Dubois, Yuan Wang, and Xiang Zhang. 2017. High-speed acoustic communication by multiplexing orbital angular momentum. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, 28 (2017), 7250\u20137253.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_140_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC\u201910)","author":"Silva Agnelo R.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Agnelo R. Silva and Mehmet Can Vuran. 2010. Communication with aboveground devices in wireless underground sensor networks: An empirical study. In Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC\u201910). IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 1\u20136."},{"issue":"2010","key":"e_1_3_2_141_2","article-title":"Development of a testbed for wireless underground sensor networks","author":"Silva Agnelo R.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Agnelo R. Silva and Mehmet Can Vuran. 2010. Development of a testbed for wireless underground sensor networks. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking2010 (2010), 620307.","journal-title":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_142_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2015.2471263","article-title":"Experimental link quality characterization of wireless sensor networks for underground monitoring","volume":"11","author":"Silva B.","year":"2015","unstructured":"B. Silva, R. M. Fisher, A. Kumar, and G. P. Hancke. 2015. Experimental link quality characterization of wireless sensor networks for underground monitoring. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 11, 5 (2015), 1099\u20131110.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_143_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP\u201904)","author":"Sinanovic S.","year":"2004","unstructured":"S. Sinanovic, D. H. Johnson, V. V. Shah, and W. R. Gardner. 2004. Data communication along the drill string using acoustic waves. In Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP\u201904)."},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_3_2_144_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7521","DOI":"10.1029\/JB084iB13p07521","article-title":"Bulk and shear attenuation in berea sandstone: The effects of pore fluids","volume":"84","author":"Jr James W. Spencer","year":"1979","unstructured":"James W. Spencer Jr. 1979. Bulk and shear attenuation in berea sandstone: The effects of pore fluids. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 84, B13 (1979), 7521\u20137523.","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_145_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1029\/JB086iB03p01803","article-title":"Stress relaxations at low frequencies in fluid-saturated rocks: Attenuation and modulus dispersion","volume":"86","author":"Jr James W. Spencer","year":"1981","unstructured":"James W. Spencer Jr. 1981. Stress relaxations at low frequencies in fluid-saturated rocks: Attenuation and modulus dispersion. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 86, B3 (1981), 1803\u20131812.","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_146_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1109\/ELECTR.1995.471021","volume-title":"Proceedings of IEEE Electro\/International 1995","author":"Stojanovic M.","year":"1995","unstructured":"M. Stojanovic. 1995. Underwater acoustic communications. In Proceedings of IEEE Electro\/International 1995. 435\u2013440."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_147_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2009.4752682","article-title":"Underwater acoustic communication channels: Propagation models and statistical characterization","volume":"47","author":"Stojanovic Milica","year":"2009","unstructured":"Milica Stojanovic and James C. Preisig. 2009. Underwater acoustic communication channels: Propagation models and statistical characterization. IEEE Communications Magazine 47, 1 (2009), 84\u201389.","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Magazine"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_148_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1912054","article-title":"Wave attenuation in saturated sediments","volume":"47","author":"Stoll Robert D.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Robert D. Stoll and George M. Bryan. 1970. Wave attenuation in saturated sediments. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 47, 5B (1970), 1440\u20131447.","journal-title":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_149_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.14419\/ijet.v7i3.2.15352","article-title":"Underground radio propagation on frequency band 97 MHz-130 MHz","volume":"7","author":"Suherman Suherman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Suherman Suherman, Ali Rambe, Widodo Agustiar, and Tanjung. 2018. Underground radio propagation on frequency band 97 MHz-130 MHz. International Journal of Engineering and Technology 7 (2018), 722\u2013726.","journal-title":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_150_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhi Sun and I. F. Akyildiz. 2009. Underground wireless communication using magnetic induction. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications(ICC\u201909). IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 1\u20135."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_151_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deployment algorithms for wireless underground sensor networks using magnetic induction","author":"Sun Zhi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhi Sun and Ian F. Akyildiz. 2010. Deployment algorithms for wireless underground sensor networks using magnetic induction. In Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM\u201910). 1\u20135.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE Global Communications Conference"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_2_152_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2010.2048858","article-title":"Magnetic induction communications for wireless underground sensor networks","volume":"58","author":"Sun Zhi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhi Sun and Ian F. Akyildiz. 2010. Magnetic induction communications for wireless underground sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 58, 7 (2010), 2426\u20132435.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_153_2","first-page":"370","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 31st Annual IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM\u201912)","author":"Sun Zhi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhi Sun and Ian F. Akyildiz. 2012. On capacity of magnetic induction-based wireless underground sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 31st Annual IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM\u201912). IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 370\u2013378."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_154_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2010.10.006","article-title":"MISE-PIPE: Magnetic induction-based wireless sensor networks for underground pipeline monitoring","volume":"9","author":"Sun Zhi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhi Sun, Pu Wang, Mehmet C. Vuran, Mznah A. Al-Rodhaan, Abdullah M. Al-Dhelaan, and Ian F. Akyildiz. 2011. MISE-PIPE: Magnetic induction-based wireless sensor networks for underground pipeline monitoring. Ad Hoc Networks 9, 3 (2011), 218\u2013227.","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Networks"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_155_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.2528\/PIERC17030703","article-title":"Magnetic induction antenna arrays for MIMO and multiple-frequency communication systems","volume":"75","author":"Tal Nikolay","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nikolay Tal, Yahav Morag, and Yoash Levron. 2017. Magnetic induction antenna arrays for MIMO and multiple-frequency communication systems. Progress in Electromagnetics Research 75 (2017), 155\u2013167.","journal-title":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_156_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0171982","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171982","article-title":"Design optimization of transmitting antennas for weakly coupled magnetic induction communication systems","volume":"12","author":"Tal Nikolay","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nikolay Tal, Yahav Morag, Lisa Shatz, and Yoash Levron. 2017. Design optimization of transmitting antennas for weakly coupled magnetic induction communication systems. PLoS One 12, 2 (2017), e0171982.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_157_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1109\/MAP.2015.2453917","article-title":"Wireless underground sensor networks: MI-based communication systems for underground applications.","volume":"57","author":"Tan Xin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xin Tan, Zhi Sun, and Ian F. Akyildiz. 2015. Wireless underground sensor networks: MI-based communication systems for underground applications. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 57, 4 (2015), 74\u201387.","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_158_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1109\/MAP.2015.2453917","article-title":"Wireless underground sensor networks: MI-based communication systems for underground applications.","volume":"57","author":"Tan Xin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xin Tan, Zhi Sun, and Ian F. Akyildiz. 2015. Wireless underground sensor networks: MI-based communication systems for underground applications. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 57, 4 (2015), 74\u201387.","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_159_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1007\/s11119-008-9096-7","article-title":"Wireless soil scout prototype radio signal reception compared to the attenuation model","volume":"10","author":"Tiusanen J.","year":"2009","unstructured":"J. Tiusanen. 2009. Wireless soil scout prototype radio signal reception compared to the attenuation model. Precision Agriculture 10, 5 (2009), 372\u2013381.","journal-title":"Precision Agriculture"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_160_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3774(03)00206-3","article-title":"A comparison between low-cost drip irrigation, conventional drip irrigation, and hand watering in Nepal","volume":"64","author":"Westarp Stefanie von","year":"2004","unstructured":"Stefanie von Westarp, Sietan Chieng, and Hans Schreier. 2004. A comparison between low-cost drip irrigation, conventional drip irrigation, and hand watering in Nepal. Agricultural Water Management 64, 2 (2004), 143\u2013160.","journal-title":"Agricultural Water Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_161_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9410(1991)117:1(89)","article-title":"Effect of soil plasticity on cyclic response","volume":"117","author":"Vucetic Mladen","year":"1991","unstructured":"Mladen Vucetic and Ricardo Dobry. 1991. Effect of soil plasticity on cyclic response. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 117, 1 (1991), 89\u2013107.","journal-title":"Journal of Geotechnical Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_162_2","first-page":"309","volume-title":"Communication through soil in wireless underground sensor networks\u2014Theory and practice","author":"Vuran M.","year":"2009","unstructured":"M. Vuran and Agnelo Silva. 2009. Communication through soil in wireless underground sensor networks\u2014Theory and practice. In Sensor Networks. Signals and Communication Technology. Springer, 309\u2013347."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_163_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2010.07.001","article-title":"Channel model and analysis for wireless underground sensor networks in soil medium","volume":"3","author":"Vuran Mehmet C.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mehmet C. Vuran and Ian F. Akyildiz. 2010. Channel model and analysis for wireless underground sensor networks in soil medium. Physical Communication 3, 4 (2010), 245\u2013254.","journal-title":"Physical Communication"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_164_2","article-title":"Dynamic magnetic induction wireless communications for autonomous underwater vehicle assisted underwater IoT","author":"Wei Debing","year":"2020","unstructured":"Debing Wei, Li Yan, Chenpei Huang, Jie Wang, Jiefu Chen, Miao Pan, and Yuguang Fang. 2020. Dynamic magnetic induction wireless communications for autonomous underwater vehicle assisted underwater IoT. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 7, 10 (2020), 9834\u20139845.","journal-title":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_165_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM\u201918)","author":"Wei Debing","year":"2018","unstructured":"Debing Wei, Li Yan, Xuanheng Li, Jie Wang, Jiefu Chen, Miao Pan, and Yahong Rosa Zheng. 2018. Ferrite assisted geometry-conformal magnetic induction antenna and subsea communications for AUVs. In Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM\u201918). IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 1\u20136."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_166_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEMI.2013.6743037","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE 11th International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments (ICEMI\u201913)","author":"Wei Z.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Z. Wei, S. Yibing, and L. Yanjun. 2013. Design of acoustic wireless remote transmission system for logging-while-drilling data. In Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE 11th International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments (ICEMI\u201913). 53\u201357."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_167_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1190\/1.1441276","article-title":"Seismic attenuation: Effects of pore fluids and frictional-sliding","volume":"47","author":"Winkler Kenneth W.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Kenneth W. Winkler and Amos Nur. 1982. Seismic attenuation: Effects of pore fluids and frictional-sliding. Geophysics 47, 1 (1982), 1\u201315.","journal-title":"Geophysics"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_168_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2010.2045896","article-title":"Constructing maximum-lifetime data gathering forests in sensor networks","volume":"18","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yan Wu, Zhoujia Mao, Sonia Fahmy, and Ness B. Shroff. 2010. Constructing maximum-lifetime data gathering forests in sensor networks. IEEE\/ACM Transactions on Networking 18, 5 (2010), 1571\u20131584.","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Transactions on Networking"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_169_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2013.6590061","article-title":"Wireless power transfer and applications to sensor networks","volume":"20","author":"Xie Liguang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liguang Xie, Yi Shi, Y. Thomas Hou, and Andwenjing Lou. 2013. Wireless power transfer and applications to sensor networks. IEEE Wireless Communications 20, 4 (2013), 140\u2013145.","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Communications"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_170_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 United States National Committee of URSI National Radio Science Meeting (USNC-URSI NRSM\u201918)","author":"Yan Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li Yan, Debing Wei, Miao Pan, and Jiefu Chen. 2018. Downhole wireless communication using magnetic induction technique. In Proceedings of the 2018 United States National Committee of URSI National Radio Science Meeting (USNC-URSI NRSM\u201918). IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 1\u20132."},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_2_171_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2860","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2017.2673816","article-title":"Magnetic MIMO signal processing and optimization for wireless power transfer","volume":"65","author":"Yang Gang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gang Yang, Mohammad R. Vedady Moghadam, and Rui Zhang. 2017. Magnetic MIMO signal processing and optimization for wireless power transfer. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 65, 11 (2017), 2860\u20132874.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_172_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2019.1900030","article-title":"Development of an underground through-soil wireless acoustic communication system","volume":"27","author":"Yang Sijung","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sijung Yang, Omar Baltaji, Andrew C. Singer, and Youssef M. A. Hashash. 2020. Development of an underground through-soil wireless acoustic communication system. IEEE Wireless Communications 27, 1 (2020), 154\u2013161.","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Communications"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_173_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2009.090309","article-title":"Underground mine communications: A survey","volume":"11","author":"Yarkan Serhan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Serhan Yarkan, Sabih Guzelgoz, Huseyin Arslan, and Robin R. Murphy. 2009. Underground mine communications: A survey. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 11, 3 (2009), 125\u2013142.","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_174_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM\u201911)","author":"Yoon Suk-Un","year":"2011","unstructured":"Suk-Un Yoon, Liang Cheng, Ehsan Ghazanfari, Sibel Pamukcu, and Muhannad T. Suleiman. 2011. A radio propagation model for wireless underground sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM\u201911). 1\u20135."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_175_2","first-page":"443","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE PerCom Workshop","author":"Yoon Suk-Un","year":"2012","unstructured":"Suk-Un Yoon, Liang Cheng, Ehsan Ghazanfari, Zi Wang, Xiaotong Zhang, Sibel Pamukcu, and Muhannad T. Suleiman. 2012. Subsurface monitoring using low frequency wireless signal networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE PerCom Workshop. 443\u2013446."},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_2_176_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14862","DOI":"10.3390\/s121114862","article-title":"Subsurface event detection and classification using wireless signal networks","volume":"12","author":"Yoon Suk-Un","year":"2012","unstructured":"Suk-Un Yoon, Ehsan Ghazanfari, Liang Cheng, Sibel Pamukcu, and Muhannad T. Suleiman. 2012. Subsurface event detection and classification using wireless signal networks. Sensors 12, 11 (2012), 14862\u201314886.","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_177_2","first-page":"012083","article-title":"Evaluation of communication in wireless underground sensor networks","volume":"69","author":"Yu X.","year":"2017","unstructured":"X. Yu, Z. Zhang, and W. Han. 2017. Evaluation of communication in wireless underground sensor networks. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 69 (2017), 012083.","journal-title":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_178_2","unstructured":"Idrees Zaman and Anna F\u00f6rster. 2018. Challenges and Opportunities of Wireless Underground Sensor Networks. Retrieved March 20 2023 from https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/327844401."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_179_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2016.2570298","article-title":"Soil effects on the underground-to-aboveground communication link in ultrawideband wireless underground sensor networks","volume":"16","author":"Zemmour H.","year":"2017","unstructured":"H. Zemmour, G. Baudoin, and A. Diet. 2017. Soil effects on the underground-to-aboveground communication link in ultrawideband wireless underground sensor networks. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 16 (2017), 218\u2013221.","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_180_2","first-page":"27","article-title":"An enhanced distributed localization algorithm based on MDS-MAP in wireless sensor networks","volume":"13","author":"Zhang Lu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lu Zhang, Hailun Wang, Zhiyong Hu, and Deyong Wang. 2017. An enhanced distributed localization algorithm based on MDS-MAP in wireless sensor networks. International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering 13, 3 (2017), 27\u201339.","journal-title":"International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_181_2","first-page":"78","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS\u201917)","author":"Zhang X.","year":"2017","unstructured":"X. Zhang, A. Andreyev, C. Zumpf, M. C. Negri, S. Guha, and M. Ghosh. 2017. Thoreau: A subterranean wireless sensing network for agriculture and the environment. In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS\u201917). 78\u201384."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_182_2","first-page":"239","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 11th International Conference on Communication Systems and Networks (COMSNETS\u201919)","author":"Zhang Xufeng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xufeng Zhang, Arseniy Andreyev, Colleen Zumpf, M. Cristina Negri, Supratik Guha, and Monisha Ghosh. 2019. Invited paper: Thoreau: A fully-buried wireless underground sensor network in an urban environment. In Proceedings of the 2019 11th International Conference on Communication Systems and Networks (COMSNETS\u201919). 239\u2013250."},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_2_183_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4181","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2017.2693184","article-title":"Connectivity of magnetic induction-based ad hoc networks","volume":"16","author":"Zhang Zhengqing","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhengqing Zhang, Erwu Liu, Xinyu Qu, Rui Wang, Honglei Ma, and Zhi Sun. 2017. Connectivity of magnetic induction-based ad hoc networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 16, 7 (2017), 4181\u20134191.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3587934","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3587934","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T17:49:14Z","timestamp":1750182554000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3587934"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]]},"references-count":182,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3587934"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3587934","relation":{},"ISSN":["1550-4859","1550-4867"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1550-4859","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-4867","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-12-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}