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Comput.-Hum. Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Hybridity in immersive technologies has not been studied for factors that are likely to influence engagement. A noticeable factor is the spatial enclosure that defines where users meet. This involves a mutual object of interest, contents that the users may generate around the object, and the proximity between users. This study examines these factors, namely how object interactivity,\n            <jats:bold>user-generated contents (UGC)<\/jats:bold>\n            and avatar proximity influence engagement. We designed a\n            <jats:bold>Hybrid Virtual and Augmented Reality (HVAR)<\/jats:bold>\n            environment that supports paired users to experience cultural heritage in both\n            <jats:bold>Virtual Reality (VR)<\/jats:bold>\n            and\n            <jats:bold>Augmented Reality (AR)<\/jats:bold>\n            . A user study was conducted with 60 participants, providing assessments of engagement and presence via questionnaires, together with mobile\n            <jats:bold>electroencephalogram (mEEG)<\/jats:bold>\n            and user activity data that measures VR user engagement in real-time. Our findings provide insights into how engagement between users can occur in HVAR environments for the future hybrid reality with multi-device connectivity.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3589952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T12:25:13Z","timestamp":1680179113000},"page":"1-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Factors Influencing Engagement in Hybrid Virtual and Augmented Reality"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3728-218X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing, School of Advanced Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3992-8335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugene","family":"Ch\u2019ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NVIDIA Joint-Lab on Mixed Reality, University of Nottingham, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4600-6235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sue","family":"Cobb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Factors Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-020-01497-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3145534"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","article-title":"EEG correlates of task engagement and mental workload in vigilance, learning, and memory tasks","volume":"78","author":"Berka Chris","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chris Berka, Daniel J. 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