{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T16:34:59Z","timestamp":1784738099661,"version":"3.55.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":37,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3592538.3594270","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T19:45:18Z","timestamp":1689795918000},"page":"14-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Practical Intrusion Detection System Trained on Ambiguously Labeled Data for Enhancing IIoT Security"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7381-1478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenzhuo","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3789-073X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaowei","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9591-5996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiani","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4060-0839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziyao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7479-7970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwok-Yan","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"A smart home is no castle: Privacy vulnerabilities of encrypted iot traffic. arXiv preprint arXiv:1705.06805","author":"Apthorpe Noah","year":"2017","unstructured":"Noah Apthorpe , Dillon Reisman , and Nick Feamster . 2017. A smart home is no castle: Privacy vulnerabilities of encrypted iot traffic. arXiv preprint arXiv:1705.06805 ( 2017 ). Noah Apthorpe, Dillon Reisman, and Nick Feamster. 2017. A smart home is no castle: Privacy vulnerabilities of encrypted iot traffic. arXiv preprint arXiv:1705.06805 (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-020-00390-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2017.2780172"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2014.2359642"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1953048.2021049"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BigData.2016.7841008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-23020-2_16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Understanding Security in Smart City Domains From the ANT-centric Perspective. arXiv preprint arXiv:2202.05023","author":"Fan Jiani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jiani Fan , Wenzhuo Yang , and Kwok-Yan Lam . 2022. Understanding Security in Smart City Domains From the ANT-centric Perspective. arXiv preprint arXiv:2202.05023 ( 2022 ). Jiani Fan, Wenzhuo Yang, and Kwok-Yan Lam. 2022. Understanding Security in Smart City Domains From the ANT-centric Perspective. arXiv preprint arXiv:2202.05023 (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning. PMLR, Virtual, 3072\u20133081","author":"Feng Lei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lei Feng , Takuo Kaneko , Bo Han , Gang Niu , Bo An , and Masashi Sugiyama . 2020 . Learning with multiple complementary labels . In International Conference on Machine Learning. PMLR, Virtual, 3072\u20133081 . Lei Feng, Takuo Kaneko, Bo Han, Gang Niu, Bo An, and Masashi Sugiyama. 2020. Learning with multiple complementary labels. In International Conference on Machine Learning. PMLR, Virtual, 3072\u20133081."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Lei Feng Jiaqi Lv Bo Han Miao Xu Gang Niu Xin Geng Bo An and Masashi Sugiyama. 2020. Provably consistent partial-label learning. In Advances in Neural Information and Processing Systems. Citeseer Virtual.  Lei Feng Jiaqi Lv Bo Han Miao Xu Gang Niu Xin Geng Bo An and Masashi Sugiyama. 2020. Provably consistent partial-label learning. In Advances in Neural Information and Processing Systems. Citeseer Virtual."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICISSEC.2016.7885840"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"A regularization approach for instance-based superset label learning","author":"Gong Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen Gong , Tongliang Liu , Yuanyan Tang , Jian Yang , Jie Yang , and Dacheng Tao . 2017. A regularization approach for instance-based superset label learning . IEEE transactions on cybernetics 48, 3 ( 2017 ), 967\u2013978. Chen Gong, Tongliang Liu, Yuanyan Tang, Jian Yang, Jie Yang, and Dacheng Tao. 2017. A regularization approach for instance-based superset label learning. IEEE transactions on cybernetics 48, 3 (2017), 967\u2013978."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-45203-4_5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Europ\u00e4ischer Informatik Kongre\u00df Architektur von Rechensystemen Euro-ARCH\u201993","author":"Hui Lucas","unstructured":"Lucas Hui , Siu-Leung Chung , and Kwok-Yan Lam . 1993. An Intrusion Detection Architecture for System Security . In Europ\u00e4ischer Informatik Kongre\u00df Architektur von Rechensystemen Euro-ARCH\u201993 . Springer , Munich , 332\u2013343. Lucas Hui, Siu-Leung Chung, and Kwok-Yan Lam. 1993. An Intrusion Detection Architecture for System Security. In Europ\u00e4ischer Informatik Kongre\u00df Architektur von Rechensystemen Euro-ARCH\u201993. Springer, Munich, 332\u2013343."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32604\/csse.2021.015206"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0164-1212(94)00103-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Imbalanced-learn: A Python Toolbox to Tackle the Curse of Imbalanced Datasets in Machine Learning","volume":"18","author":"Lema\u00eetre Guillaume","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guillaume Lema\u00eetre , Fernando Nogueira , and Christos\u00a0 K. Aridas . 2017 . Imbalanced-learn: A Python Toolbox to Tackle the Curse of Imbalanced Datasets in Machine Learning . Journal of Machine Learning Research 18 , 17 (2017), 1 \u2013 5 . http:\/\/jmlr.org\/papers\/v18\/16-365.html Guillaume Lema\u00eetre, Fernando Nogueira, and Christos\u00a0K. Aridas. 2017. Imbalanced-learn: A Python Toolbox to Tackle the Curse of Imbalanced Datasets in Machine Learning. Journal of Machine Learning Research 18, 17 (2017), 1\u20135. http:\/\/jmlr.org\/papers\/v18\/16-365.html","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM41043.2020.9155516"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2021.102289"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Advances in neural information processing systems. Citeseer","author":"Liu Liping","unstructured":"Liping Liu and Thomas\u00a0 G Dietterich . 2012. A conditional multinomial mixture model for superset label learning . In Advances in neural information processing systems. Citeseer , Lake Tahoe , Nevada, USA , 548\u2013556. Liping Liu and Thomas\u00a0G Dietterich. 2012. A conditional multinomial mixture model for superset label learning. In Advances in neural information processing systems. Citeseer, Lake Tahoe, Nevada, USA, 548\u2013556."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Industrial IoT in 5G-and-beyond networks: Vision, architecture, and design trends","author":"Mahmood Aamir","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aamir Mahmood , Luca Beltramelli , Sarder\u00a0Fakhrul Abedin , Shah Zeb , Nishat Mowla , Syed\u00a0Ali Hassan , Emiliano Sisinni , and Mikael Gidlund . 2021. Industrial IoT in 5G-and-beyond networks: Vision, architecture, and design trends . IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics ( 2021 ). Aamir Mahmood, Luca Beltramelli, Sarder\u00a0Fakhrul Abedin, Shah Zeb, Nishat Mowla, Syed\u00a0Ali Hassan, Emiliano Sisinni, and Mikael Gidlund. 2021. Industrial IoT in 5G-and-beyond networks: Vision, architecture, and design trends. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2018.03367731"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"KDD Cup 1999 Data","author":"Lincoln\u00a0Labs MIT.","unstructured":"Lincoln\u00a0Labs MIT. 1999. KDD Cup 1999 Data . http:\/\/kdd.ics.uci.edu\/databases\/kdd cup99\/kddcup99.htmll. Accessed: 2021-01-20. Lincoln\u00a0Labs MIT. 1999. KDD Cup 1999 Data. http:\/\/kdd.ics.uci.edu\/databases\/kdd cup99\/kddcup99.htmll. Accessed: 2021-01-20."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"UNSW-NB15: a comprehensive data set for network intrusion detection systems (UNSW-NB15 network data set). In 2015 military communications and information systems conference (MilCIS)","author":"Moustafa Nour","unstructured":"Nour Moustafa and Jill Slay . 2015. UNSW-NB15: a comprehensive data set for network intrusion detection systems (UNSW-NB15 network data set). In 2015 military communications and information systems conference (MilCIS) . IEEE, Canberra , ACT, Australia , 1\u20136. Nour Moustafa and Jill Slay. 2015. UNSW-NB15: a comprehensive data set for network intrusion detection systems (UNSW-NB15 network data set). In 2015 military communications and information systems conference (MilCIS). IEEE, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 1\u20136."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2744769.2747942"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"ICISSp","author":"Sharafaldin Iman","unstructured":"Iman Sharafaldin , Arash\u00a0Habibi Lashkari , and Ali\u00a0 A Ghorbani . 2018. Toward generating a new intrusion detection dataset and intrusion traffic characterization .. In ICISSp . Springer , Funchal , 108\u2013116. Iman Sharafaldin, Arash\u00a0Habibi Lashkari, and Ali\u00a0A Ghorbani. 2018. Toward generating a new intrusion detection dataset and intrusion traffic characterization.. In ICISSp. Springer, Funchal, 108\u2013116."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2022.3152527"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CISDA.2009.5356528"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3047895"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE43902.2021.00130"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-41579-2_9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-86890-1_23"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"A review on multi-label learning algorithms","author":"Zhang Min-Ling","year":"2013","unstructured":"Min-Ling Zhang and Zhi-Hua Zhou . 2013. A review on multi-label learning algorithms . IEEE transactions on knowledge and data engineering 26, 8 ( 2013 ), 1819\u20131837. Min-Ling Zhang and Zhi-Hua Zhou. 2013. A review on multi-label learning algorithms. IEEE transactions on knowledge and data engineering 26, 8 (2013), 1819\u20131837."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2019.2947861"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3327546.3327555"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"A brief introduction to weakly supervised learning. National science review 5, 1","author":"Zhou Zhi-Hua","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhi-Hua Zhou . 2018. A brief introduction to weakly supervised learning. National science review 5, 1 ( 2018 ), 44\u201353. Zhi-Hua Zhou. 2018. A brief introduction to weakly supervised learning. National science review 5, 1 (2018), 44\u201353."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2912022"}],"event":{"name":"ASIA CCS '23: ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security","location":"Melbourne VIC Australia","acronym":"ASIA CCS '23","sponsor":["SIGSAC ACM Special Interest Group on Security, Audit, and Control"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 9th ACM Cyber-Physical System Security Workshop"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3592538.3594270","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3592538.3594270","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T17:49:00Z","timestamp":1750182540000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3592538.3594270"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3592538.3594270","10.1145\/3592538"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3592538.3594270","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-07-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}