{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T06:30:10Z","timestamp":1762929010247,"version":"3.41.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":49,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3593013.3594061","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T14:40:46Z","timestamp":1686580846000},"page":"1038-1048","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Measuring and mitigating voting access disparities: a study of race and polling locations in Florida and North Carolina"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1029-8414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohsen","family":"Abbasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0380-4346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Calvin","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haverford College, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2637-5612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristian","family":"Lum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chicago, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6023-1597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sorelle A.","family":"Friedler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haverford College, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7679-7130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suresh","family":"Venkatasubramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3442188.3445913"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9781611975673.90"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_3_1","volume-title":"Fairness in Clustering with Multiple Sensitive Attributes. arXiv preprint arXiv:1910.05113","author":"Abraham Savitha Sam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Savitha Sam Abraham, Sowmya S Sundaram, 2019. Fairness in Clustering with Multiple Sensitive Attributes. arXiv preprint arXiv:1910.05113 (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_4_1","volume-title":"Heather Cox Richardson, and Heather Ann Thompson","author":"Abrams Stacey","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stacey Abrams, Carol Anderson, Kevin M Kruse, Heather Cox Richardson, and Heather Ann Thompson. 2020. Voter Suppression in US Elections. University of Georgia Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_5_1","volume-title":"Geometric approximation via coresets. Combinatorial and computational geometry 52, 1-30","author":"Agarwal Pankaj K","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pankaj K Agarwal, Sariel Har-Peled, Kasturi R Varadarajan, 2005. Geometric approximation via coresets. Combinatorial and computational geometry 52, 1-30 (2005), 3."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3292500.3330987"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_8_1","unstructured":"MohammadHossein Bateni Aditya Bhaskara Silvio Lattanzi and Vahab S Mirrokni. 2014. Distributed Balanced Clustering via Mapping Coresets.. In NIPS. 2591\u20132599."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003055410000596"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/app.20180306"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/rest_a_01012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_12_1","volume-title":"Proportionally fair clustering. arXiv preprint arXiv:1905.03674","author":"Chen Xingyu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xingyu Chen, Brandon Fain, Charles Lyu, and Kamesh Munagala. 2019. Proportionally fair clustering. arXiv preprint arXiv:1905.03674 (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_13_1","volume-title":"Proc. NIPS. 5029\u20135037","author":"Chierichetti Flavio","year":"2017","unstructured":"Flavio Chierichetti, Ravi Kumar, Silvio Lattanzi, and Sergei Vassilvitskii. 2017. Fair clustering through fairlets. In Proc. NIPS. 5029\u20135037."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eden Chlamt\u00e1\u010d Yury Makarychev and Ali Vakilian. [n. d.]. Approximating Fair Clustering with Cascaded Norm Objectives. 2664\u20132683. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1137\/1.9781611977073.104 arXiv:https:\/\/epubs.siam.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1137\/1.9781611977073.104","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9781611977073.104"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/psrm.2020.43"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/100.00020072"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10287-006-0021-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_18_1","first-page":"705","article-title":"A note on equity across groups in facility location","volume":"58","author":"Drezner Tammy","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tammy Drezner and Zvi Drezner. 2011. A note on equity across groups in facility location. Naval Research Logistics (NRL) 58, 7 (2011), 705\u2013711.","journal-title":"Naval Research Logistics (NRL)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2090236.2090255"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0038-4941.2005.00316.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1993636.1993712"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2783258.2783311"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/661511"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_24_1","volume-title":"Identifying the effect of all-mail elections on turnout: Staggered reform in the evergreen state. Political Science research and methods 1, 1","author":"Gerber Alan S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Alan S Gerber, Gregory A Huber, and Seth J Hill. 2013. Identifying the effect of all-mail elections on turnout: Staggered reform in the evergreen state. Political Science research and methods 1, 1 (2013), 91\u2013116."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-6298(03)00029-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_26_1","volume-title":"Clustering to minimize the maximum intercluster distance. Theoretical computer science 38","author":"Gonzalez Teofilo F","year":"1985","unstructured":"Teofilo F Gonzalez. 1985. Clustering to minimize the maximum intercluster distance. Theoretical computer science 38 (1985), 293\u2013306."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_27_1","volume-title":"Proc. NIPS. 3315\u20133323","author":"Hardt Moritz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moritz Hardt, Eric Price, Nati Srebro, 2016. Equality of opportunity in supervised learning. In Proc. NIPS. 3315\u20133323."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2508.2005.00329.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/301250.301366"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_30_1","volume-title":"Distance traveled to polling locations: Are travel costs imposed equally on party members?The Social Science Journal 57, 1","author":"Joslyn Nick","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nick Joslyn, Andrew Bilbo, Jack Arndt, Heidi Berger, and Mark Joslyn. 2020. Distance traveled to polling locations: Are travel costs imposed equally on party members?The Social Science Journal 57, 1 (2020), 14\u201325."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/S0895480197329776"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01442872.2019.1694652"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_33_1","volume-title":"Fair k-center clustering for data summarization. arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.08628","author":"Kleindessner Matth\u00e4us","year":"2019","unstructured":"Matth\u00e4us Kleindessner, Pranjal Awasthi, and Jamie Morgenstern. 2019. Fair k-center clustering for data summarization. arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.08628 (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_34_1","volume-title":"Guarantees for spectral clustering with fairness constraints. arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.08668","author":"Kleindessner Matth\u00e4us","year":"2019","unstructured":"Matth\u00e4us Kleindessner, Samira Samadi, Pranjal Awasthi, and Jamie Morgenstern. 2019. Guarantees for spectral clustering with fairness constraints. arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.08668 (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_35_1","unstructured":"Matt J Kusner Joshua Loftus Chris Russell and Ricardo Silva. 2017. Counterfactual fairness. In Advances in neural information processing systems. 4066\u20134076."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3316513"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_37_1","volume-title":"Approximation Algorithms for Socially Fair Clustering. arXiv preprint arXiv:2103.02512","author":"Makarychev Yury","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yury Makarychev and Ali Vakilian. 2021. Approximation Algorithms for Socially Fair Clustering. arXiv preprint arXiv:2103.02512 (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_38_1","volume-title":"Equity measurement in facility location analysis: A review and framework. European journal of operational research 74, 1","author":"Marsh Michael T","year":"1994","unstructured":"Michael T Marsh and David A Schilling. 1994. Equity measurement in facility location analysis: A review and framework. European journal of operational research 74, 1 (1994), 1\u201317."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.44.8.1100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_40_1","volume-title":"Improved Algorithms for Distributed Balanced Clustering. In International Conference on Topics in Theoretical Computer Science. Springer, 72\u201384","author":"Mirjalali Kian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kian Mirjalali and Hamid Zarrabi-Zadeh. 2020. Improved Algorithms for Distributed Balanced Clustering. In International Conference on Topics in Theoretical Computer Science. Springer, 72\u201384."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_41_1","volume-title":"Better Algorithms for Individually Fair k -Clustering. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 34","author":"Negahbani Maryam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maryam Negahbani and Deeparnab Chakrabarty. 2021. Better Algorithms for Individually Fair k -Clustering. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 34 (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_42_1","volume-title":"The downstream consequences of long waits: How lines at the precinct depress future turnout. Electoral studies 71","author":"Pettigrew Stephen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stephen Pettigrew. 2021. The downstream consequences of long waits: How lines at the precinct depress future turnout. Electoral studies 71 (2021), 102188."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_43_1","volume-title":"Privacy preserving clustering with constraints. arXiv preprint arXiv:1802.02497","author":"R\u00f6sner Clemens","year":"2018","unstructured":"Clemens R\u00f6sner and Melanie Schmidt. 2018. Privacy preserving clustering with constraints. arXiv preprint arXiv:1802.02497 (2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_44_1","volume-title":"Fair coresets and streaming algorithms for fair k-means clustering. arXiv preprint arXiv:1812.10854","author":"Schmidt Melanie","year":"2018","unstructured":"Melanie Schmidt, Chris Schwiegelshohn, and Christian Sohler. 2018. Fair coresets and streaming algorithms for fair k-means clustering. arXiv preprint arXiv:1812.10854 (2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/elj.2019.0602"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_46_1","volume-title":"Minimizing margin of victory for fair political and educational districting. arXiv preprint arXiv:1909.05583","author":"Stoica Ana-Andreea","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ana-Andreea Stoica, Abhijnan Chakraborty, Palash Dey, and Krishna P Gummadi. 2019. Minimizing margin of victory for fair political and educational districting. arXiv preprint arXiv:1909.05583 (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_47_1","volume-title":"Blocks as Geographic Discontinuities: The Effect of Polling-Place Assignment on Voting. Political Analysis","author":"Tomkins Sabina","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sabina Tomkins, Keniel Yao, Johann Gaebler, Tobias Konitzer, David Rothschild, Marc Meredith, and Sharad Goel. 2022. Blocks as Geographic Discontinuities: The Effect of Polling-Place Assignment on Voting. Political Analysis (2022), 1\u201316."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_48_1","volume-title":"Improved approximation algorithms for individually fair clustering. arXiv preprint arXiv:2106.14043","author":"Vakilian Ali","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ali Vakilian and Mustafa Yal\u00e7\u0131ner. 2021. Improved approximation algorithms for individually fair clustering. arXiv preprint arXiv:2106.14043 (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_49_1","volume-title":"How polling place changes reduce turnout: Evidence from administrative data in North Carolina. Available at SSRN 3178184","author":"Yoder Jesse","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jesse Yoder. 2018. How polling place changes reduce turnout: Evidence from administrative data in North Carolina. Available at SSRN 3178184 (2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_50_1","volume-title":"Manuel Gomez Rogriguez, and Krishna P Gummadi","author":"Zafar Muhammad Bilal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Muhammad Bilal Zafar, Isabel Valera, Manuel Gomez Rogriguez, and Krishna P Gummadi. 2017. Fairness constraints: Mechanisms for fair classification. In Artificial Intelligence and Statistics. PMLR, 962\u2013970."}],"event":{"name":"FAccT '23: the 2023 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","acronym":"FAccT '23","location":"Chicago IL USA"},"container-title":["2023 ACM Conference on Fairness Accountability and Transparency"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3593013.3594061","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3593013.3594061","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T16:37:18Z","timestamp":1750178238000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3593013.3594061"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3593013.3594061","10.1145\/3593013"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3593013.3594061","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-06-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}