{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T05:46:17Z","timestamp":1776318377519,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":78,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"NSF CAREER Award"},{"name":"Open Phil AI Fellowship"},{"name":"Stanford Knight-Hennessy Scholars graduate fellowship"},{"name":"U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology","award":["60NANB20D212T"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["60NANB20D212T"]}]},{"name":"NSF Graduate Research Fellowship","award":["Grant DGE-2146755"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant DGE-2146755"]}]},{"name":"Hoffman\u00f0Yee Research Grants Program and the Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence"},{"name":"SAIL Postdoc Fellowship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3593013.3594095","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T14:40:46Z","timestamp":1686580846000},"page":"1493-1504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":215,"title":["Easily Accessible Text-to-Image Generation Amplifies Demographic Stereotypes at Large Scale"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0776-361X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Bianchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7202-8027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pratyusha","family":"Kalluri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7331-8160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esin","family":"Durmus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5730-3866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faisal","family":"Ladhak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5052-2929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myra","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7998-2267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debora","family":"Nozza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bocconi University, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0521-5855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatsunori","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6459-7745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Jurafsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8880-4764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7154-8629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aylin","family":"Caliskan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1_1","volume-title":"Devine","author":"Amodio David M.","year":"2006","unstructured":"David M. Amodio and Patricia G . Devine . 2006 . Stereotyping and evaluation in implicit race bias: evidence for independent constructs and unique effects on behavior.Journal of personality and social psychology 91 4 (2006), 652\u201361. David M. Amodio and Patricia G. Devine. 2006. Stereotyping and evaluation in implicit race bias: evidence for independent constructs and unique effects on behavior.Journal of personality and social psychology 91 4 (2006), 652\u201361."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2_1","volume-title":"How well can Text-to-Image Generative Models understand Ethical Natural Language Interventions?ArXiv preprint abs\/2210.15230","author":"Bansal Hritik","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hritik Bansal , Da Yin , Masoud Monajatipoor , and Kai-Wei Chang . 2022. How well can Text-to-Image Generative Models understand Ethical Natural Language Interventions?ArXiv preprint abs\/2210.15230 ( 2022 ). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2210.15230 Hritik Bansal, Da Yin, Masoud Monajatipoor, and Kai-Wei Chang. 2022. How well can Text-to-Image Generative Models understand Ethical Natural Language Interventions?ArXiv preprint abs\/2210.15230 (2022). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2210.15230"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_3_1","volume-title":"The epistemology of qualitative research. Ethnography and human development: Context and meaning in social inquiry 27, 53-71","author":"Becker Howard S","year":"1996","unstructured":"Howard S Becker . 1996. The epistemology of qualitative research. Ethnography and human development: Context and meaning in social inquiry 27, 53-71 ( 1996 ). Howard S Becker. 1996. The epistemology of qualitative research. Ethnography and human development: Context and meaning in social inquiry 27, 53-71 (1996)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3442188.3445922"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_5_1","unstructured":"Bruce Lawrence Berg. 2001. Qualitative research methods for the social sciences. Allyn & Bacon.  Bruce Lawrence Berg. 2001. Qualitative research methods for the social sciences. Allyn & Bacon."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_6_1","volume-title":"Vinay Uday Prabhu, and Emmanuel Kahembwe","author":"Birhane Abeba","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abeba Birhane , Vinay Uday Prabhu, and Emmanuel Kahembwe . 2021 . Multimodal datasets: misogyny, pornography, and malignant stereotypes. ArXiv preprint abs\/2110.01963 (2021). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2110.01963 Abeba Birhane, Vinay Uday Prabhu, and Emmanuel Kahembwe. 2021. Multimodal datasets: misogyny, pornography, and malignant stereotypes. ArXiv preprint abs\/2110.01963 (2021). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2110.01963"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_7_1","volume-title":"Racism without racists: Color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in the United States","author":"Bonilla-Silva Eduardo","unstructured":"Eduardo Bonilla-Silva . 2006. Racism without racists: Color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in the United States . Rowman & Littlefield Publishers . Eduardo Bonilla-Silva. 2006. Racism without racists: Color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in the United States. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leaqua.2016.02.005","article-title":"Leading with their hearts? How gender stereotypes of emotion lead to biased evaluations of female leaders","volume":"27","author":"Brescoll Victoria L.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Victoria L. Brescoll . 2016 . Leading with their hearts? How gender stereotypes of emotion lead to biased evaluations of female leaders . Leadership Quarterly 27 (2016), 415 \u2013 428 . Victoria L. Brescoll. 2016. Leading with their hearts? How gender stereotypes of emotion lead to biased evaluations of female leaders. Leadership Quarterly 27 (2016), 415\u2013428.","journal-title":"Leadership Quarterly"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.0.0063","article-title":"The Association between Perceived Discrimination and Underutilization of Needed Medical and Mental Health Care in a Multi-Ethnic Community Sample","volume":"19","author":"Burgess Diana J.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Diana J. Burgess , Yingmei Ding , Margaret K. Hargreaves , Michelle van Ryn , and Sean M. Phelan . 2008 . The Association between Perceived Discrimination and Underutilization of Needed Medical and Mental Health Care in a Multi-Ethnic Community Sample . Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 19 (2008), 894 \u2013 911 . Diana J. Burgess, Yingmei Ding, Margaret K. Hargreaves, Michelle van Ryn, and Sean M. Phelan. 2008. The Association between Perceived Discrimination and Underutilization of Needed Medical and Mental Health Care in a Multi-Ethnic Community Sample. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 19 (2008), 894 \u2013 911.","journal-title":"Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_10_1","volume-title":"Trevor Darrell, and Anna Rohrbach.","author":"Burns Kaylee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kaylee Burns , Lisa Anne Hendricks , Trevor Darrell, and Anna Rohrbach. 2018 . Women also Snowboard : Overcoming Bias in Captioning Models. In ECCV. Kaylee Burns, Lisa Anne Hendricks, Trevor Darrell, and Anna Rohrbach. 2018. Women also Snowboard: Overcoming Bias in Captioning Models. In ECCV."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2435.2007.00416.x","article-title":"The condition of illegality","volume":"45","author":"Chavez Leo R","year":"2007","unstructured":"Leo R Chavez . 2007 . The condition of illegality . International Migration 45 , 3 (2007), 192 \u2013 196 . Leo R Chavez. 2007. The condition of illegality. International Migration 45, 3 (2007), 192\u2013196.","journal-title":"International Migration"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_12_1","volume-title":"Social Norm Bias: Residual Harms of Fairness-Aware Algorithms. ArXiv preprint abs\/2108.11056","author":"Cheng Myra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Myra Cheng , Maria De-Arteaga , Lester Mackey , and Adam Tauman Kalai . 2021. Social Norm Bias: Residual Harms of Fairness-Aware Algorithms. ArXiv preprint abs\/2108.11056 ( 2021 ). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2108.11056 Myra Cheng, Maria De-Arteaga, Lester Mackey, and Adam Tauman Kalai. 2021. Social Norm Bias: Residual Harms of Fairness-Aware Algorithms. ArXiv preprint abs\/2108.11056 (2021). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2108.11056"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_13_1","volume-title":"DALL-Eval: Probing the Reasoning Skills and Social Biases of Text-to-Image Generative Transformers. ArXiv preprint abs\/2202.04053","author":"Cho Jaemin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jaemin Cho , Abhaysinh Zala , and Mohit Bansal . 2022. DALL-Eval: Probing the Reasoning Skills and Social Biases of Text-to-Image Generative Transformers. ArXiv preprint abs\/2202.04053 ( 2022 ). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2202.04053 Jaemin Cho, Abhaysinh Zala, and Mohit Bansal. 2022. DALL-Eval: Probing the Reasoning Skills and Social Biases of Text-to-Image Generative Transformers. ArXiv preprint abs\/2202.04053 (2022). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2202.04053"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_14_1","unstructured":"CompVis. 2022. GitHub - CompVis\/stable-diffusion: A latent text-to-image diffusion model \u2014 github.com. https:\/\/github.com\/CompVis\/stable-diffusion. [Accessed 07-Nov-2022].  CompVis. 2022. GitHub - CompVis\/stable-diffusion: A latent text-to-image diffusion model \u2014 github.com. https:\/\/github.com\/CompVis\/stable-diffusion. [Accessed 07-Nov-2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_15_1","first-page":"455","article-title":"Terrorists Are Always Muslim but Never White: At the Intersection of Critical Race Theory and Propaganda","volume":"86","author":"Corbin Caroline Mala","year":"2017","unstructured":"Caroline Mala Corbin . 2017 . Terrorists Are Always Muslim but Never White: At the Intersection of Critical Race Theory and Propaganda . Fordham Law Review 86 (2017), 455 \u2013 485 . Caroline Mala Corbin. 2017. Terrorists Are Always Muslim but Never White: At the Intersection of Critical Race Theory and Propaganda. Fordham Law Review 86 (2017), 455\u2013485.","journal-title":"Fordham Law Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_16_1","volume-title":"The Face of Danger","author":"Culcasi Karen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Karen Culcasi and Mahmut Gokmen . 2011. The Face of Danger . Aether : The Journal of Media Geography VIII.B ( 2011 ), 82\u201396. Karen Culcasi and Mahmut Gokmen. 2011. The Face of Danger. Aether: The Journal of Media Geography VIII.B (2011), 82\u201396."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3287560.3287572"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_18_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops. 52\u201359","author":"Vries Terrance De","year":"2019","unstructured":"Terrance De Vries , Ishan Misra , Changhan Wang , and Laurens Van der Maaten . 2019 . Does object recognition work for everyone? . In Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops. 52\u201359 . Terrance De Vries, Ishan Misra, Changhan Wang, and Laurens Van der Maaten. 2019. Does object recognition work for everyone?. In Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops. 52\u201359."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_19_1","volume-title":"Minority stress among lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals: A consequence of heterosexism, homophobia, and stigmatization","author":"DiPlacido Joanne","unstructured":"Joanne DiPlacido . 1998. Minority stress among lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals: A consequence of heterosexism, homophobia, and stigmatization . Sage Publications, Inc. Joanne DiPlacido. 1998. Minority stress among lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals: A consequence of heterosexism, homophobia, and stigmatization.Sage Publications, Inc."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_20_1","volume-title":"Decolonial Ecology: Thinking from the Caribbean World","author":"Ferdinand Malcom","year":"2021","unstructured":"Malcom Ferdinand . 2021 . Decolonial Ecology: Thinking from the Caribbean World . John Wiley & Sons . Malcom Ferdinand. 2021. Decolonial Ecology: Thinking from the Caribbean World. John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_21_1","first-page":"839","article-title":"Who are the \u201cillegals","volume":"83","author":"Flores Ren\u00e9 D","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ren\u00e9 D Flores and Ariela Schachter . 2018 . Who are the \u201cillegals \u201d? The social construction of illegality in the United States. American Sociological Review 83 , 5 (2018), 839 \u2013 868 . Ren\u00e9 D Flores and Ariela Schachter. 2018. Who are the \u201cillegals\u201d? The social construction of illegality in the United States. American Sociological Review 83, 5 (2018), 839\u2013868.","journal-title":"The social construction of illegality in the United States. American Sociological Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_22_1","volume-title":"White women, race matters: The social construction of whiteness","author":"Frankenburg Ruth","unstructured":"Ruth Frankenburg . 1993. White women, race matters: The social construction of whiteness . Routledge . Ruth Frankenburg. 1993. White women, race matters: The social construction of whiteness. Routledge."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1720347115"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0361684312464203"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_25_1","volume-title":"Not yet human: implicit knowledge, historical dehumanization, and contemporary consequences.Journal of personality and social psychology 94 2","author":"Goff Phillip Atiba","year":"2008","unstructured":"Phillip Atiba Goff , Jennifer L. Eberhardt , Melissa J. Williams , and Matthew Jackson . 2008. Not yet human: implicit knowledge, historical dehumanization, and contemporary consequences.Journal of personality and social psychology 94 2 ( 2008 ), 292\u2013306. Phillip Atiba Goff, Jennifer L. Eberhardt, Melissa J. Williams, and Matthew Jackson. 2008. Not yet human: implicit knowledge, historical dehumanization, and contemporary consequences.Journal of personality and social psychology 94 2 (2008), 292\u2013306."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1080\/1350463032000174669","article-title":"Transnational America: race, gender and citizenship after 9\/11","volume":"9","author":"Grewal Inderpal","year":"2003","unstructured":"Inderpal Grewal . 2003 . Transnational America: race, gender and citizenship after 9\/11 . Social Identities 9 , 4 (2003), 535 \u2013 561 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1350463032000174669 10.1080\/1350463032000174669 Inderpal Grewal. 2003. Transnational America: race, gender and citizenship after 9\/11. Social Identities 9, 4 (2003), 535\u2013561. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1350463032000174669","journal-title":"Social Identities"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_27_1","volume-title":"Feminist theory reader","author":"Haraway Donna","unstructured":"Donna Haraway . 2020. Situated knowledges: The science question in feminism and the privilege of partial perspective . In Feminist theory reader . Routledge , 303\u2013310. Donna Haraway. 2020. Situated knowledges: The science question in feminism and the privilege of partial perspective. In Feminist theory reader. Routledge, 303\u2013310."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_28_1","volume-title":"Indirect discrimination and the duty to avoid compounding injustice. Foundations of Indirect Discrimination Law","author":"Hellman Deborah","year":"2018","unstructured":"Deborah Hellman . 2018. Indirect discrimination and the duty to avoid compounding injustice. Foundations of Indirect Discrimination Law , Hart Publishing Company ( 2018 ), 2017\u201353. Deborah Hellman. 2018. Indirect discrimination and the duty to avoid compounding injustice. Foundations of Indirect Discrimination Law, Hart Publishing Company (2018), 2017\u201353."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_29_1","volume-title":"Deceiving google\u2019s perspective api built for detecting toxic comments. arXiv preprint arXiv:1702.08138","author":"Hosseini Hossein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hossein Hosseini , Sreeram Kannan , Baosen Zhang , and Radha Poovendran . 2017. Deceiving google\u2019s perspective api built for detecting toxic comments. arXiv preprint arXiv:1702.08138 ( 2017 ). Hossein Hosseini, Sreeram Kannan, Baosen Zhang, and Radha Poovendran. 2017. Deceiving google\u2019s perspective api built for detecting toxic comments. arXiv preprint arXiv:1702.08138 (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_30_1","volume-title":"Physical appearance and gender: Sociobiological and sociocultural perspectives","author":"Jackson Linda A","unstructured":"Linda A Jackson . 1992. Physical appearance and gender: Sociobiological and sociocultural perspectives . Suny Press . Linda A Jackson. 1992. Physical appearance and gender: Sociobiological and sociocultural perspectives. Suny Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_31_1","volume-title":"Enrico Panai, Julija Kalpokiene, and Donald Jay Bertulfo.","author":"Johnson Rebecca L","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rebecca L Johnson , Giada Pistilli , Natalia Men\u00e9dez-Gonz\u00e1lez , Leslye Denisse Dias Duran , Enrico Panai, Julija Kalpokiene, and Donald Jay Bertulfo. 2022 . The Ghost in the Machine has an American accent: value conflict in GPT- 3. arXiv preprint arXiv:2203.07785 (2022). Rebecca L Johnson, Giada Pistilli, Natalia Men\u00e9dez-Gonz\u00e1lez, Leslye Denisse Dias Duran, Enrico Panai, Julija Kalpokiene, and Donald Jay Bertulfo. 2022. The Ghost in the Machine has an American accent: value conflict in GPT-3. arXiv preprint arXiv:2203.07785 (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_32_1","volume-title":"The mark of oppression","author":"Kardiner Abram","unstructured":"Abram Kardiner and Lionel Ovesey . 1951. The mark of oppression ; a psychosocial study of the American Negro ([1st ed.] ed.). Norton New York . xvii, 396 p. pages. Abram Kardiner and Lionel Ovesey. 1951. The mark of oppression; a psychosocial study of the American Negro ([1st ed.] ed.). Norton New York. xvii, 396 p. pages."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_33_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 2015","author":"Kay Matthew","year":"2015","unstructured":"Matthew Kay , Cynthia Matuszek , and Sean A. Munson . 2015. Unequal Representation and Gender Stereotypes in Image Search Results for Occupations . In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 2015 , Seoul, Republic of Korea , April 18-23, 2015 , Bo Begole, Jinwoo Kim, Kori Inkpen, and Woontack Woo (Eds.). ACM, 3819\u20133828. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2702123.2702520 10.1145\/2702123.2702520 Matthew Kay, Cynthia Matuszek, and Sean A. Munson. 2015. Unequal Representation and Gender Stereotypes in Image Search Results for Occupations. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 2015, Seoul, Republic of Korea, April 18-23, 2015, Bo Begole, Jinwoo Kim, Kori Inkpen, and Woontack Woo (Eds.). ACM, 3819\u20133828. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2702123.2702520"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702520"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1177\/107769909607300410","article-title":"Skin Tones and Physical Features of Blacks in Magazine Advertisements","volume":"73","author":"Keenan Kevin L.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kevin L. Keenan . 1996 . Skin Tones and Physical Features of Blacks in Magazine Advertisements . Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 73 , 4 (1996), 905 \u2013 912 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/107769909607300410 arXiv:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/107769909607300410 10.1177\/107769909607300410 Kevin L. Keenan. 1996. Skin Tones and Physical Features of Blacks in Magazine Advertisements. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 73, 4 (1996), 905\u2013912. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/107769909607300410 arXiv:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/107769909607300410","journal-title":"Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_36_1","volume-title":"Heteronormativity in action: Reproducing the heterosexual nuclear family in after-hours medical calls. Social problems 52, 4","author":"Kitzinger Celia","year":"2005","unstructured":"Celia Kitzinger . 2005. Heteronormativity in action: Reproducing the heterosexual nuclear family in after-hours medical calls. Social problems 52, 4 ( 2005 ), 477\u2013498. Celia Kitzinger. 2005. Heteronormativity in action: Reproducing the heterosexual nuclear family in after-hours medical calls. Social problems 52, 4 (2005), 477\u2013498."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_37_1","volume-title":"The trouble with nature: Sex in science and popular culture","author":"Lancaster Roger N","unstructured":"Roger N Lancaster . 2003. The trouble with nature: Sex in science and popular culture . Univ of California Press . Roger N Lancaster. 2003. The trouble with nature: Sex in science and popular culture. Univ of California Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_38_1","first-page":"623","article-title":"What group?","volume":"22","author":"Lewis Amanda E","year":"2004","unstructured":"Amanda E Lewis . 2004 . What group? \u201d Studying whites and whiteness in the era of \u201ccolor-blindness. Sociological theory 22 , 4 (2004), 623 \u2013 646 . Amanda E Lewis. 2004. What group?\u201d Studying whites and whiteness in the era of \u201ccolor-blindness. Sociological theory 22, 4 (2004), 623\u2013646.","journal-title":"Sociological theory"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_39_1","volume-title":"Pollution Is Colonialism","author":"Liboiron Max","unstructured":"Max Liboiron . 2021. Pollution is colonialism . In Pollution Is Colonialism . Duke University Press . Max Liboiron. 2021. Pollution is colonialism. In Pollution Is Colonialism. Duke University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_40_1","unstructured":"Natasha Lomas. 2022. Shutterstock to integrate OpenAI\u2019s DALL-E 2 and launch fund for contributor artists \u2014 techcrunch.com. https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2022\/10\/25\/shutterstock-openai-dall-e-2\/. [Accessed 01-Nov-2022].  Natasha Lomas. 2022. Shutterstock to integrate OpenAI\u2019s DALL-E 2 and launch fund for contributor artists \u2014 techcrunch.com. https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2022\/10\/25\/shutterstock-openai-dall-e-2\/. [Accessed 01-Nov-2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_41_1","volume-title":"The Chicago face database: A free stimulus set of faces and norming data. Behavior research methods 47, 4","author":"Ma Debbie S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Debbie S Ma , Joshua Correll , and Bernd Wittenbrink . 2015. The Chicago face database: A free stimulus set of faces and norming data. Behavior research methods 47, 4 ( 2015 ), 1122\u20131135. Debbie S Ma, Joshua Correll, and Bernd Wittenbrink. 2015. The Chicago face database: A free stimulus set of faces and norming data. Behavior research methods 47, 4 (2015), 1122\u20131135."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_42_1","volume-title":"\u2019A little taste of something more exotic\u2019: The imaginative geographies of everyday life. Geography","author":"May Jon","year":"1996","unstructured":"Jon May . 1996. \u2019A little taste of something more exotic\u2019: The imaginative geographies of everyday life. Geography ( 1996 ), 57\u201364. Jon May. 1996. \u2019A little taste of something more exotic\u2019: The imaginative geographies of everyday life. Geography (1996), 57\u201364."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_43_1","volume-title":"Qualitative research in practice: Examples for discussion and analysis","author":"Merriam Sharan B","unstructured":"Sharan B Merriam and Robin S Grenier . 2019. Qualitative research in practice: Examples for discussion and analysis . John Wiley & Sons . Sharan B Merriam and Robin S Grenier. 2019. Qualitative research in practice: Examples for discussion and analysis. John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_44_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, CSCW1","author":"Metaxa Dana\u00eb","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dana\u00eb Metaxa , Michelle A Gan , Su Goh , Jeff Hancock , and James A Landay . 2021 . An image of society: Gender and racial representation and impact in image search results for occupations . Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, CSCW1 (2021), 1\u201323. Dana\u00eb Metaxa, Michelle A Gan, Su Goh, Jeff Hancock, and James A Landay. 2021. An image of society: Gender and racial representation and impact in image search results for occupations. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, CSCW1 (2021), 1\u201323."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_45_1","volume-title":"social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence.Psychological bulletin 129, 5","author":"Meyer Ilan H","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ilan H Meyer . 2003. Prejudice , social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence.Psychological bulletin 129, 5 ( 2003 ), 674. Ilan H Meyer. 2003. Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence.Psychological bulletin 129, 5 (2003), 674."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_46_1","volume-title":"A qualitative approach to intersectional microaggressions: Understanding influences of race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, and religion.Qualitative Psychology 2, 2","author":"Nadal Kevin L.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kevin L. Nadal , Kristin C. Davidoff , Lindsey S. Davis , Yinglee Wong , David Marshall , and Victoria McKenzie . 2015. A qualitative approach to intersectional microaggressions: Understanding influences of race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, and religion.Qualitative Psychology 2, 2 ( 2015 ), 147\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/qup0000026 10.1037\/qup0000026 Kevin L. Nadal, Kristin C. Davidoff, Lindsey S. Davis, Yinglee Wong, David Marshall, and Victoria McKenzie. 2015. A qualitative approach to intersectional microaggressions: Understanding influences of race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, and religion.Qualitative Psychology 2, 2 (2015), 147\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/qup0000026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_47_1","volume-title":"Ethnicity and sexuality. Annual Review of sociology","author":"Nagel Joane","year":"2000","unstructured":"Joane Nagel . 2000. Ethnicity and sexuality. Annual Review of sociology ( 2000 ), 107\u2013133. Joane Nagel. 2000. Ethnicity and sexuality. Annual Review of sociology (2000), 107\u2013133."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_48_1","volume-title":"Algorithms of oppression","author":"Noble Safiya Umoja","unstructured":"Safiya Umoja Noble . 2018. Algorithms of oppression . New York University Press . Safiya Umoja Noble. 2018. Algorithms of oppression. New York University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s12111-003-1006-5","article-title":"African American men as \u201ccriminal and dangerous\u201d: Implications of media portrayals of crime on the \u201ccriminalization\u201d of African American men","volume":"7","author":"Oliver Mary Beth","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mary Beth Oliver . 2003 . African American men as \u201ccriminal and dangerous\u201d: Implications of media portrayals of crime on the \u201ccriminalization\u201d of African American men . Journal of African American Studies 7 (2003), 3 \u2013 18 . Mary Beth Oliver. 2003. African American men as \u201ccriminal and dangerous\u201d: Implications of media portrayals of crime on the \u201ccriminalization\u201d of African American men. Journal of African American Studies 7 (2003), 3\u201318.","journal-title":"Journal of African American Studies"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_50_1","unstructured":"OpenAI. 2022. DALL\u00b7E 2: Extending Creativity \u2014 openai.com. https:\/\/openai.com\/blog\/dall-e-2-extending-creativity\/. [Accessed 01-Nov-2022].  OpenAI. 2022. DALL\u00b7E 2: Extending Creativity \u2014 openai.com. https:\/\/openai.com\/blog\/dall-e-2-extending-creativity\/. [Accessed 01-Nov-2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_51_1","unstructured":"OpenAI. 2022. DALL\u00b7E 2 Pre-Training Mitigations \u2014 openai.com. https:\/\/openai.com\/blog\/dall-e-2-pre-training-mitigations\/. [Accessed 01-Nov-2022].  OpenAI. 2022. DALL\u00b7E 2 Pre-Training Mitigations \u2014 openai.com. https:\/\/openai.com\/blog\/dall-e-2-pre-training-mitigations\/. [Accessed 01-Nov-2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_52_1","unstructured":"OpenAI. 2022. DALL\u00b7E Now Available Without Waitlist \u2014 openai.com. https:\/\/openai.com\/blog\/dall-e-now-available-without-waitlist\/. [Accessed 01-Nov-2022].  OpenAI. 2022. DALL\u00b7E Now Available Without Waitlist \u2014 openai.com. https:\/\/openai.com\/blog\/dall-e-now-available-without-waitlist\/. [Accessed 01-Nov-2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_53_1","volume-title":"Emily M. Bender, Emily L. Denton, and A. Hanna.","author":"Paullada Amandalynne","year":"2021","unstructured":"Amandalynne Paullada , Inioluwa Deborah Raji , Emily M. Bender, Emily L. Denton, and A. Hanna. 2021 . Data and its (dis)contents: A survey of dataset development and use in machine learning research. Patterns 2 (2021). Amandalynne Paullada, Inioluwa Deborah Raji, Emily M. Bender, Emily L. Denton, and A. Hanna. 2021. Data and its (dis)contents: A survey of dataset development and use in machine learning research. Patterns 2 (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_54_1","volume-title":"Black immigrants in the United States and the\" cultural narratives\" of ethnicity. Identities: Global studies in culture and power 11, 2","author":"Pierre Jemima","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jemima Pierre . 2004. Black immigrants in the United States and the\" cultural narratives\" of ethnicity. Identities: Global studies in culture and power 11, 2 ( 2004 ), 141\u2013170. Jemima Pierre. 2004. Black immigrants in the United States and the\" cultural narratives\" of ethnicity. Identities: Global studies in culture and power 11, 2 (2004), 141\u2013170."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_55_1","first-page":"104","article-title":"Estimating Risk: Stereotype Amplification and the Perceived Risk of Criminal Victimization","volume":"73","author":"Quillian Lincoln","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lincoln Quillian and Devah Pager . 2010 . Estimating Risk: Stereotype Amplification and the Perceived Risk of Criminal Victimization . Social Psychology Quarterly 73 (2010), 104 \u2013 179 . Lincoln Quillian and Devah Pager. 2010. Estimating Risk: Stereotype Amplification and the Perceived Risk of Criminal Victimization. Social Psychology Quarterly 73 (2010), 104 \u2013 79.","journal-title":"Social Psychology Quarterly"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_56_1","volume-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning. PMLR, 8748\u20138763","author":"Radford Alec","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alec Radford , Jong Wook Kim , Chris Hallacy , Aditya Ramesh , Gabriel Goh , Sandhini Agarwal , Girish Sastry , Amanda Askell , Pamela Mishkin , Jack Clark , 2021 . Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision . In International Conference on Machine Learning. PMLR, 8748\u20138763 . Alec Radford, Jong Wook Kim, Chris Hallacy, Aditya Ramesh, Gabriel Goh, Sandhini Agarwal, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, Pamela Mishkin, Jack Clark, 2021. Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision. In International Conference on Machine Learning. PMLR, 8748\u20138763."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_57_1","volume-title":"Hierarchical text-conditional image generation with CLIP latents. ArXiv preprint abs\/2204.06125","author":"Ramesh Aditya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aditya Ramesh , Prafulla Dhariwal , Alex Nichol , Casey Chu , and Mark Chen . 2022. Hierarchical text-conditional image generation with CLIP latents. ArXiv preprint abs\/2204.06125 ( 2022 ). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2204.06125 Aditya Ramesh, Prafulla Dhariwal, Alex Nichol, Casey Chu, and Mark Chen. 2022. Hierarchical text-conditional image generation with CLIP latents. ArXiv preprint abs\/2204.06125 (2022). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2204.06125"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_58_1","volume-title":"Situated knowledges. New Materialism: Networking European Scholarship on \"How Matter Comes to Matter.\" https:\/\/newmaterialism. eu\/almanac\/s\/situated-knowledges. html","author":"Rogowska-Stangret Monika","year":"2018","unstructured":"Monika Rogowska-Stangret . 2018. Situated knowledges. New Materialism: Networking European Scholarship on \"How Matter Comes to Matter.\" https:\/\/newmaterialism. eu\/almanac\/s\/situated-knowledges. html ( 2018 ). Monika Rogowska-Stangret. 2018. Situated knowledges. New Materialism: Networking European Scholarship on \"How Matter Comes to Matter.\" https:\/\/newmaterialism. eu\/almanac\/s\/situated-knowledges. html (2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01042"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_60_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American","author":"Ross Candace","year":"1865","unstructured":"Candace Ross , Boris Katz , and Andrei Barbu . 2021. Measuring Social Biases in Grounded Vision and Language Embeddings . In Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. Association for Computational Linguistics , Online , 998\u20131008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10. 1865 3\/v1\/2021.naacl-main.78 10.18653\/v1 Candace Ross, Boris Katz, and Andrei Barbu. 2021. Measuring Social Biases in Grounded Vision and Language Embeddings. In Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. Association for Computational Linguistics, Online, 998\u20131008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18653\/v1\/2021.naacl-main.78"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-polisci-032015-010015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.24335"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.52.4.653","article-title":"When Reality Monitoring Fails: The Role of Imagination in Stereotype Maintenance","volume":"52","author":"Slusher Morgan Paul","year":"1987","unstructured":"Morgan Paul Slusher and Craig A. Anderson . 1987 . When Reality Monitoring Fails: The Role of Imagination in Stereotype Maintenance . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 52 (1987), 653 \u2013 662 . Morgan Paul Slusher and Craig A. Anderson. 1987. When Reality Monitoring Fails: The Role of Imagination in Stereotype Maintenance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 52 (1987), 653\u2013662.","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_64_1","volume-title":"Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans.Journal of personality and social psychology 69, 5","author":"Steele Claude M","year":"1995","unstructured":"Claude M Steele and Joshua Aronson . 1995. Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans.Journal of personality and social psychology 69, 5 ( 1995 ), 797. Claude M Steele and Joshua Aronson. 1995. Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans.Journal of personality and social psychology 69, 5 (1995), 797."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1080\/01419870601143992","article-title":"Black beauty: Shade, hair and anti-racist aesthetics","volume":"30","author":"Tate Shirley","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shirley Tate . 2007 . Black beauty: Shade, hair and anti-racist aesthetics . Ethnic and Racial Studies 30 , 2 (2007), 300 \u2013 319 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01419870601143992 arXiv:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01419870601143992 10.1080\/01419870601143992 Shirley Tate. 2007. Black beauty: Shade, hair and anti-racist aesthetics. Ethnic and Racial Studies 30, 2 (2007), 300\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01419870601143992 arXiv:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01419870601143992","journal-title":"Ethnic and Racial Studies"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_66_1","unstructured":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2021. Employed persons by detailed occupation sex race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity \u2014 bls.gov. https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cps\/cpsaat11.htm. [Accessed 26-Oct-2022].  U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2021. Employed persons by detailed occupation sex race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity \u2014 bls.gov. https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cps\/cpsaat11.htm. [Accessed 26-Oct-2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_67_1","unstructured":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2021. National Occupation Employment and Wage Estimates \u2014 bls.gov. https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/oes\/current\/oes_nat.htm. [Accessed 2-Nov-2022].  U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2021. National Occupation Employment and Wage Estimates \u2014 bls.gov. https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/oes\/current\/oes_nat.htm. [Accessed 2-Nov-2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_68_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Association for Computational Linguistics, Online and Punta Cana, Dominican Republic","author":"Wang Jialu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jialu Wang , Yang Liu , and Xin Wang . 2021 . Are Gender-Neutral Queries Really Gender-Neutral? Mitigating Gender Bias in Image Search . In Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Association for Computational Linguistics, Online and Punta Cana, Dominican Republic , 1995\u20132008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18653\/v1\/2021.emnlp-main.151 10.18653\/v1 Jialu Wang, Yang Liu, and Xin Wang. 2021. Are Gender-Neutral Queries Really Gender-Neutral? Mitigating Gender Bias in Image Search. In Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Association for Computational Linguistics, Online and Punta Cana, Dominican Republic, 1995\u20132008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18653\/v1\/2021.emnlp-main.151"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_69_1","volume-title":"Gender & Class","author":"Exotic Me","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chandra DL Waring. 2013. \"They See Me as Exotic ... That Intrigues Them:\" Gender, Sexuality and the Racially Ambiguous Body. Race , Gender & Class ( 2013 ), 299\u2013317. Chandra DL Waring. 2013. \"They See Me as Exotic... That Intrigues Them:\" Gender, Sexuality and the Racially Ambiguous Body. Race, Gender & Class (2013), 299\u2013317."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_70_1","volume-title":"Ethical and social risks of harm from language models. ArXiv preprint abs\/2112.04359","author":"Weidinger Laura","year":"2021","unstructured":"Laura Weidinger , John Mellor , Maribeth Rauh , Conor Griffin , Jonathan Uesato , Po-Sen Huang , Myra Cheng , Mia Glaese , Borja Balle , Atoosa Kasirzadeh , 2021. Ethical and social risks of harm from language models. ArXiv preprint abs\/2112.04359 ( 2021 ). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2112.04359 Laura Weidinger, John Mellor, Maribeth Rauh, Conor Griffin, Jonathan Uesato, Po-Sen Huang, Myra Cheng, Mia Glaese, Borja Balle, Atoosa Kasirzadeh, 2021. Ethical and social risks of harm from language models. ArXiv preprint abs\/2112.04359 (2021). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2112.04359"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_71_1","volume-title":"Colorblind ideology is a form of racism: A colorblind approach allows us to deny uncomfortable cultural differences. Psychology Today 27","author":"Williams Monnica T","year":"2011","unstructured":"Monnica T Williams . 2011. Colorblind ideology is a form of racism: A colorblind approach allows us to deny uncomfortable cultural differences. Psychology Today 27 ( 2011 ). Monnica T Williams. 2011. Colorblind ideology is a form of racism: A colorblind approach allows us to deny uncomfortable cultural differences. Psychology Today 27 (2011)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_72_1","volume-title":"Evidence for Hypodescent in Visual Semantic AI. 2022 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","author":"Wolfe Robert","year":"2022","unstructured":"Robert Wolfe , Mahzarin R. Banaji , and Aylin Caliskan . 2022 . Evidence for Hypodescent in Visual Semantic AI. 2022 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (2022). Robert Wolfe, Mahzarin R. Banaji, and Aylin Caliskan. 2022. Evidence for Hypodescent in Visual Semantic AI. 2022 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3514094.3534136"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_74_1","volume-title":"Markedness in Visual Semantic AI. 2022 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","author":"Wolfe Robert","year":"2022","unstructured":"Robert Wolfe and Aylin Caliskan . 2022 . Markedness in Visual Semantic AI. 2022 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (2022). Robert Wolfe and Aylin Caliskan. 2022. Markedness in Visual Semantic AI. 2022 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_75_1","volume-title":"Contrastive Language-Vision AI Models Pretrained on Web-Scraped Multimodal Data Exhibit Sexual Objectification Bias. arXiv preprint arXiv:2212.11261","author":"Wolfe Robert","year":"2022","unstructured":"Robert Wolfe , Yiwei Yang , Bill Howe , and Aylin Caliskan . 2022. Contrastive Language-Vision AI Models Pretrained on Web-Scraped Multimodal Data Exhibit Sexual Objectification Bias. arXiv preprint arXiv:2212.11261 ( 2022 ). Robert Wolfe, Yiwei Yang, Bill Howe, and Aylin Caliskan. 2022. Contrastive Language-Vision AI Models Pretrained on Web-Scraped Multimodal Data Exhibit Sexual Objectification Bias. arXiv preprint arXiv:2212.11261 (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1177\/016344392014003006","article-title":"College basketball on television: a study of racism in the media","volume":"14","author":"Wonsek Pamela L.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Pamela L. Wonsek . 1992 . College basketball on television: a study of racism in the media . Media, Culture & Society 14 (1992), 449 \u2013 461 . Pamela L. Wonsek. 1992. College basketball on television: a study of racism in the media. Media, Culture & Society 14 (1992), 449 \u2013 461.","journal-title":"Media, Culture & Society"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_77_1","volume-title":"Men also like shopping: Reducing gender bias amplification using corpus-level constraints. arXiv preprint arXiv:1707.09457","author":"Zhao Jieyu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jieyu Zhao , Tianlu Wang , Mark Yatskar , Vicente Ordonez , and Kai-Wei Chang . 2017. Men also like shopping: Reducing gender bias amplification using corpus-level constraints. arXiv preprint arXiv:1707.09457 ( 2017 ). Jieyu Zhao, Tianlu Wang, Mark Yatskar, Vicente Ordonez, and Kai-Wei Chang. 2017. Men also like shopping: Reducing gender bias amplification using corpus-level constraints. arXiv preprint arXiv:1707.09457 (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_78_1","volume-title":"Exemplification Effects in the Promotion of Safety and Health. Journal of Communication","author":"Zillmann Dolf","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dolf Zillmann . 2006. Exemplification Effects in the Promotion of Safety and Health. Journal of Communication ( 2006 ). Dolf Zillmann. 2006. Exemplification Effects in the Promotion of Safety and Health. Journal of Communication (2006)."}],"event":{"name":"FAccT '23: the 2023 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","location":"Chicago IL USA","acronym":"FAccT '23"},"container-title":["2023 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3593013.3594095","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3593013.3594095","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T16:37:19Z","timestamp":1750178239000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3593013.3594095"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]]},"references-count":78,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3593013.3594095","10.1145\/3593013"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3593013.3594095","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-06-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}