{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T22:53:25Z","timestamp":1773269605830,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":51,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]],"date-time":"2023-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3594536.3595147","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T23:40:01Z","timestamp":1694130001000},"page":"257-266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Uncovering Trauma in Genocide Tribunals"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6593-3974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam","family":"Schirmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3546-3494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isaac Misael Olgu\u00edn","family":"Nolasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4045-5328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edoardo","family":"Mosca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1203-1634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shanshan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1677-150X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Pfeffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D19-1542"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2019.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. 2013. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition. American Psychiatric Publishing.","edition":"5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-tutorials.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"Tom Brown Benjamin Mann Nick Ryder Melanie Subbiah Jared D Kaplan Prafulla Dhariwal Arvind Neelakantan Pranav Shyam Girish Sastry Amanda Askell et al. 2020. Language models are few-shot learners. Advances in neural information processing systems 33 (2020) 1877--1901."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Hatebert: Retraining bert for abusive language detection in english. arXiv preprint arXiv:2010.12472","author":"Caselli Tommaso","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tommaso Caselli, Valerio Basile, Jelena Mitrovi\u0107, and Michael Granitzer. 2020. Hatebert: Retraining bert for abusive language detection in english. arXiv preprint arXiv:2010.12472 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P19-1424"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"LEGAL-BERT: The muppets straight out of law school. arXiv preprint arXiv:2010.02559","author":"Chalkidis Ilias","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ilias Chalkidis, Manos Fergadiotis, Prodromos Malakasiotis, Nikolaos Aletras, and Ion Androutsopoulos. 2020. LEGAL-BERT: The muppets straight out of law school. arXiv preprint arXiv:2010.02559 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","first-page":"265","article-title":"Victim testimony in international and hybrid criminal courts: Narrative opportunities, challenges, and fair trial demands","volume":"56","author":"Ciorciari John D","year":"2016","unstructured":"John D Ciorciari and Anne Heindel. 2016. Victim testimony in international and hybrid criminal courts: Narrative opportunities, challenges, and fair trial demands. Virginia Journal of International Law 56 (2016), 265--338.","journal-title":"Virginia Journal of International Law"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Detecting Harmful Online Conversational Content towards LGBTQIA+ Individuals. arXiv preprint arXiv:2207.10032","author":"Dacon Jamell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jamell Dacon, Harry Shomer, Shaylynn Crum-Dacon, and Jiliang Tang. 2022. Detecting Harmful Online Conversational Content towards LGBTQIA+ Individuals. arXiv preprint arXiv:2207.10032 (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejil\/15.1.151"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Extraction of salient sentences from labelled documents. arXiv preprint arXiv:1412.6815","author":"Denil Misha","year":"2014","unstructured":"Misha Denil, Alban Demiraj, and Nando De Freitas. 2014. Extraction of salient sentences from labelled documents. arXiv preprint arXiv:1412.6815 (2014)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP). 7949--7962","author":"Dor Liat Ein","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liat Ein Dor, Alon Halfon, Ariel Gera, Eyal Shnarch, Lena Dankin, Leshem Choshen, Marina Danilevsky, Ranit Aharonov, Yoav Katz, and Noam Slonim. 2020. Active learning for BERT: An empirical study. In Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP). 7949--7962."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"A survey of data augmentation approaches for NLP. arXiv preprint arXiv:2105.03075","author":"Feng Steven Y","year":"2021","unstructured":"Steven Y Feng, Varun Gangal, Jason Wei, Sarath Chandar, Soroush Vosoughi, Teruko Mitamura, and Eduard Hovy. 2021. A survey of data augmentation approaches for NLP. arXiv preprint arXiv:2105.03075 (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Measuring nominal scale agreement among many raters. Psychological bulletin 76, 5","author":"Fleiss Joseph L","year":"1971","unstructured":"Joseph L Fleiss. 1971. Measuring nominal scale agreement among many raters. Psychological bulletin 76, 5 (1971), 378."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191115602551"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.nlp4posimpact-1.8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","first-page":"5469","article-title":"ConfliBERT: A Pre-trained Language Model for Political Conflict and Violence","volume":"2022","author":"Hu Yibo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yibo Hu, MohammadSaleh Hosseini, Erick Skorupa Parolin, Javier Osorio, Latifur Khan, Patrick Brandt, and Vito D'Orazio. 2022. ConfliBERT: A Pre-trained Language Model for Political Conflict and Violence. In Proceedings of NAACL-HLT 2022. 5469--5482.","journal-title":"Proceedings of NAACL-HLT"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Overview of COLIEE","author":"Kano Yoshinobu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yoshinobu Kano, Mi-Young Kim, Randy Goebel, and Ken Satoh. 2017. Overview of COLIEE 2017.. In COLIEE@ ICAIL. 1--8."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-31605-1_14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10579-021-09569-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1628\/jsq-2022-0024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/15708"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz682"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"A survey on text classification: From shallow to deep learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:2008.00364","author":"Li Qian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qian Li, Hao Peng, Jianxin Li, Congying Xia, Renyu Yang, Lichao Sun, Philip S Yu, and Lifang He. 2020. A survey on text classification: From shallow to deep learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:2008.00364 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3236386.3241340"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"Scott M Lundberg and Su-In Lee. 2017. A unified approach to interpreting model predictions. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems. 4765--4774."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3546577"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Charles R Marmar Adam D Brown Meng Qian Eugene Laska Carole Siegel Meng Li Duna Abu-Amara Andreas Tsiartas Colleen Richey Jennifer Smith et al. 2019. Speech-based markers for posttraumatic stress disorder in US veterans. Depression and anxiety 36 7 (2019) 607--616.","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22890"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2022.trustnlp-1.5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Computational Linguistics. International Committee on Computational Linguistics, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea, 4593--4603","author":"Mosca Edoardo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Edoardo Mosca, Ferenc Szigeti, Stella Tragianni, Daniel Gallagher, and Georg Groh. 2022. SHAP-Based Explanation Methods: A Review for NLP Interpretability. In Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Computational Linguistics. International Committee on Computational Linguistics, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea, 4593--4603. https:\/\/aclanthology.org\/2022.coling-1.406"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"COVID-Twitter-BERT: A Natural Language Processing Model to Analyse COVID-19 Content on Twitter. arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.07503 (","author":"M\u00fcller Martin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Martin M\u00fcller, Marcel Salath\u00e9, and Per E Kummervold. 2020. COVID-Twitter-BERT: A Natural Language Processing Model to Analyse COVID-19 Content on Twitter. arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.07503 ( 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939778"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"Fbert: A neural transformer for identifying offensive content. arXiv preprint arXiv:2109.05074","author":"Sarkar Diptanu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Diptanu Sarkar, Marcos Zampieri, Tharindu Ranasinghe, and Alexander Ororbia. 2021. Fbert: A neural transformer for identifying offensive content. arXiv preprint arXiv:2109.05074 (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC). European Language Resources Association","author":"Schirmer Miriam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Miriam Schirmer, Udo Kruschwitz, and Gregor Donabauer. 2022. A New Dataset for Topic-Based Paragraph Classification in Genocide-Related Court Transcripts. In Proceedings of the Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC). European Language Resources Association, Marseille, France, 4504--4512. https:\/\/aclanthology.org\/2022.lrec-1.479"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","unstructured":"Burr Settles. 2009. Active learning literature survey. (2009)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"A value for n-person games. Contributions to the Theory of Games 2, 28","author":"Shapley Lloyd S","year":"1953","unstructured":"Lloyd S Shapley. 1953. A value for n-person games. Contributions to the Theory of Games 2, 28 (1953), 307--317."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"Thirty-sixth Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems Datasets and Benchmarks Track.","author":"Shen Zejiang","unstructured":"Zejiang Shen, Kyle Lo, Lauren Yu, Nathan Dahlberg, Margo Schlanger, and Doug Downey. [n. d.]. Multi-LexSum: Real-world Summaries of Civil Rights Lawsuits at Multiple Granularities. In Thirty-sixth Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems Datasets and Benchmarks Track."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3305890.3306006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","first-page":"125","article-title":"The survivor-centered approach to transitional justice: Why a trauma-informed handling of witness testimony is a necessary component","volume":"50","author":"Soueid Marie","year":"2017","unstructured":"Marie Soueid, Ann Marie Willhoite, and Annie E Sovcik. 2017. The survivor-centered approach to transitional justice: Why a trauma-informed handling of witness testimony is a necessary component. The George Washington International Law Review 50 (2017), 125--179.","journal-title":"The George Washington International Law Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3305890.3306024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the First Workshop on Language Technology and Resources for a Fair, Inclusive, and Safe Society within the 13th Language Resources and Evaluation Conference. 26--31","author":"Verma Kanishk","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kanishk Verma, Tijana Milosevic, Keith Cortis, and Brian Davis. 2022. Benchmarking Language Models for Cyberbullying Identification and Classification from Social-media texts. In Proceedings of the First Workshop on Language Technology and Resources for a Fair, Inclusive, and Safe Society within the 13th Language Resources and Evaluation Conference. 26--31."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"Trauma on trial: Survival and witnessing at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda","author":"Viebach Julia","unstructured":"Julia Viebach. 2018. Trauma on trial: Survival and witnessing at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. Springer, 1011--1030."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","volume-title":"7th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR","author":"Wang Alex","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alex Wang, Amanpreet Singh, Julian Michael, Felix Hill, Omer Levy, and Samuel R Bowman. 2019. GLUE: A multi-task benchmark and analysis platform for natural language understanding. In 7th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2019. New Orleans, Louisiana."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20210"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","unstructured":"Chaojun Xiao Haoxi Zhong Zhipeng Guo Cunchao Tu Zhiyuan Liu Maosong Sun Yansong Feng Xianpei Han Zhen Hu Heng Wang et al. 2018. Cail2018: A large-scale legal dataset for judgment prediction. arXiv preprint arXiv:1807.02478 (2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","volume-title":"Natural language processing applied to mental illness detection: a narrative review. NPJ digital medicine 5, 1","author":"Zhang Tianlin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tianlin Zhang, Annika M Schoene, Shaoxiong Ji, and Sophia Ananiadou. 2022. Natural language processing applied to mental illness detection: a narrative review. NPJ digital medicine 5, 1 (2022), 46."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","volume-title":"Revisiting Few-sample BERT Fine-tuning. In International Conference on Learning Representations","author":"Zhang Tianyi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tianyi Zhang, Felix Wu, Arzoo Katiyar, Kilian Q Weinberger, and Yoav Artzi. 2021. Revisiting Few-sample BERT Fine-tuning. In International Conference on Learning Representations. Vienna, Austria."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","volume-title":"How does NLP benefit legal system: A summary of legal artificial intelligence. arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.12158","author":"Zhong Haoxi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Haoxi Zhong, Chaojun Xiao, Cunchao Tu, Tianyang Zhang, Zhiyuan Liu, and Maosong Sun. 2020. How does NLP benefit legal system: A summary of legal artificial intelligence. arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.12158 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3322640.3326728"}],"event":{"name":"ICAIL 2023: Nineteenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law","location":"Braga Portugal","acronym":"ICAIL 2023","sponsor":["IAAIL Intl Asso for Artifical Intel & Law","UMinho University of Minho","SIGAI ACM Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence","AAAI Am Assoc for Artifical Intelligence"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the Nineteenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3594536.3595147","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3594536.3595147","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T18:09:06Z","timestamp":1750183746000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3594536.3595147"}},"subtitle":["An NLP Approach Using the Genocide Transcript Corpus"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3594536.3595147","10.1145\/3594536"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3594536.3595147","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-09-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}