{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T00:48:07Z","timestamp":1775263687480,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":43,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,8]],"date-time":"2023-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Grants Council of Hong Kong","award":["CityU 11217420"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CityU 11217420"]}]},{"name":"CityU SRG grant","award":["7005658"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7005658"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,8]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3594739.3610670","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,7]],"date-time":"2023-10-07T22:49:38Z","timestamp":1696718978000},"page":"327-332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["EarPass: Continuous User Authentication with In-ear PPG"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3918-4922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern University of Science and Technology, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2474-2004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3296-3392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenjiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"City University of Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2674-0918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Trustworthy Autonomous Systems and Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 744\u2013747","author":"Amir\u00a0Hossein Aqajari Seyed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Seyed Amir\u00a0Hossein Aqajari, Rui Cao, Amir Hosein\u00a0Afandizadeh Zargari, and Amir\u00a0M Rahmani. 2021. An end-to-end and accurate ppg-based respiratory rate estimation approach using cycle generative adversarial networks. In 2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 744\u2013747."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2021.3066825"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Respiratory rate estimation using PPG: a deep learning approach. In 2020 42nd annual international conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","author":"Bian Dayi","unstructured":"Dayi Bian, Pooja Mehta, and Nandakumar Selvaraj. 2020. Respiratory rate estimation using PPG: a deep learning approach. In 2020 42nd annual international conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 5948\u20135952."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"CorNET: Deep learning framework for PPG-based heart rate estimation and biometric identification in ambulant environment","author":"Biswas Dwaipayan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dwaipayan Biswas, Luke Everson, Muqing Liu, Madhuri Panwar, Bram-Ernst Verhoef, Shrishail Patki, Chris\u00a0H Kim, Amit Acharyya, Chris Van\u00a0Hoof, Mario Konijnenburg, 2019. CorNET: Deep learning framework for PPG-based heart rate estimation and biometric identification in ambulant environment. IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems 13, 2 (2019), 282\u2013291."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"conference on mobile computing and networking. 1\u201317","author":"Bui Nam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nam Bui, Nhat Pham, Jessica\u00a0Jacqueline Barnitz, Zhanan Zou, Phuc Nguyen, Hoang Truong, Taeho Kim, Nicholas Farrow, Anh Nguyen, Jianliang Xiao, 2019. ebp: A wearable system for frequent and comfortable blood pressure monitoring from user\u2019s ear. In The 25th annual international conference on mobile computing and networking. 1\u201317."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PERCOM56429.2023.10099317"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","first-page":"S2","article-title":"HeartPrint","volume":"50","author":"Cao Yetong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yetong Cao, Chao Cai, Fan Li, Zhe Chen, and Jun Luo. 2023. HeartPrint: Passive Heart Sounds Authentication Exploiting In-Ear Microphones. Heart 50, S1 (2023), S2.","journal-title":"Passive Heart Sounds Authentication Exploiting In-Ear Microphones. Heart"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM42981.2021.9488852"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3447993.3483241"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM41043.2020.9155380"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1961189.1961199"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3441626"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3534597","article-title":"PPGface: Like What You Are Watching? Earphones Can","volume":"6","author":"Choi Seokmin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Seokmin Choi, Yang Gao, Yincheng Jin, Se\u00a0jun Kim, Jiyang Li, Wenyao Xu, and Zhanpeng Jin. 2022. PPGface: Like What You Are Watching? Earphones Can\" Feel\" Your Facial Expressions. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 6, 2 (2022), 1\u201332.","journal-title":"Feel\" Your Facial Expressions. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3446382.3450216"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2022.3145688"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"On the analysis of fingertip photoplethysmogram signals. Current cardiology reviews 8, 1","author":"Elgendi Mohamed","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mohamed Elgendi. 2012. On the analysis of fingertip photoplethysmogram signals. Current cardiology reviews 8, 1 (2012), 14\u201325."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3447993.3483240"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3345615.3361131"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2021.3121171"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"EarEcho: Using ear canal echo for wearable authentication","volume":"3","author":"Gao Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang Gao, Wei Wang, Vir\u00a0V Phoha, Wei Sun, and Zhanpeng Jin. 2019. EarEcho: Using ear canal echo for wearable authentication. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 3, 3 (2019), 1\u201324.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Performance of a Convolutional Neural Network Derived from PPG Signal in Classifying Sleep Stages","author":"Habib Ahsan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ahsan Habib, Mohammod\u00a0Abdul Motin, Thomas Penzel, Marimuthu Palaniswami, John Yearwood, and Chandan Karmakar. 2022. Performance of a Convolutional Neural Network Derived from PPG Signal in Classifying Sleep Stages. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC46164.2021.9630685"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2007.366913"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS.2019.8702241"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3498361.3538935"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"SleepPPG-Net: a deep learning algorithm for robust sleep staging from continuous photoplethysmography","author":"Kotzen Kevin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kevin Kotzen, Peter\u00a0H Charlton, Sharon Salabi, Lea Amar, Amir Landesberg, and Joachim\u00a0A Behar. 2022. SleepPPG-Net: a deep learning algorithm for robust sleep staging from continuous photoplethysmography. IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.2975654"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2021.3081714"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","first-page":"1775","article-title":"aleak: Context-free side-channel from your smart watch leaks your typing privacy","volume":"19","author":"Liu Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang Liu and Zhenjiang Li. 2019. aleak: Context-free side-channel from your smart watch leaks your typing privacy. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 19, 8 (2019), 1775\u20131788.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3458864.3467680"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Sleep Monitoring with Intraorally Measured Photoplethysmography (PPG) Signals. In 2022 IEEE Sensors","author":"Nabavi Seyedfakhreddin","unstructured":"Seyedfakhreddin Nabavi, John Cogan, Asim Roy, Brandon Canfield, Robert Kibler, and Collin Emerick. 2022. Sleep Monitoring with Intraorally Measured Photoplethysmography (PPG) Signals. In 2022 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 1\u20134."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2016.7591347"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2010.91"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"On the Feasibility of Handwritten Signature Authentication Using PPG Sensor. In 2022 IEEE 19th Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC). IEEE, 719\u2013720","author":"Rahman M\u00a0Mohaimenur","year":"2022","unstructured":"ABM\u00a0Mohaimenur Rahman, Yetong Cao, Xinliang Wei, Pu Wang, Fan Li, and Yu Wang. 2022. On the Feasibility of Handwritten Signature Authentication Using PPG Sensor. In 2022 IEEE 19th Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC). IEEE, 719\u2013720."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC51071.2022.9771813"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS51556.2021.9401282"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2021.3096266"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3460120.3485340"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3372224.3419213"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2020.2975222"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2018.8486006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM41043.2020.9155526"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"also with Identity: Your Smart Earphones Know Who You Are Quietly","author":"Zou Yongpan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yongpan Zou, Haibo Lei, and Kaishun Wu. 2021. Beyond Legitimacy, also with Identity: Your Smart Earphones Know Who You Are Quietly. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing (2021)."}],"event":{"name":"UbiComp\/ISWC '23: The 2023 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing","location":"Cancun, Quintana Roo Mexico","acronym":"UbiComp\/ISWC '23","sponsor":["SIGMOBILE ACM Special Interest Group on Mobility of Systems, Users, Data and Computing","SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction","SIGSPATIAL ACM Special Interest Group on Spatial Information"]},"container-title":["Adjunct Proceedings of the 2023 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing & the 2023 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computing"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3594739.3610670","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3594739.3610670","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T16:37:51Z","timestamp":1750178271000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3594739.3610670"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,8]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3594739.3610670","10.1145\/3594739"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3594739.3610670","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-10-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}