{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T21:04:25Z","timestamp":1773522265534,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":70,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3597926.3598138","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T20:12:53Z","timestamp":1689279173000},"page":"1319-1331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["An Empirical Study of Functional Bugs in Android Apps"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Yiheng","family":"Xiong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"East China Normal University, China"}]},{"given":"Mengqian","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East China Normal University, China"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East China Normal University, China"}]},{"given":"Jingling","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East China Normal University, China"}]},{"given":"Jue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University, China"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East China Normal University, China"}]},{"given":"Geguang","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East China Normal University, China"}]},{"given":"Jifeng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East China Normal University, China"}]},{"given":"Zhendong","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETH Zurich, Switzerland"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2771783.2771786"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Anders Toxboe. 2022. Design patterns. https:\/\/ui-patterns.com\/patterns \t\t\t\t  Anders Toxboe. 2022. Design patterns. https:\/\/ui-patterns.com\/patterns"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Android. 2022. Input events overview. https:\/\/developer.android.com\/develop\/ui\/views\/touch-and-input\/input-events \t\t\t\t  Android. 2022. Input events overview. https:\/\/developer.android.com\/develop\/ui\/views\/touch-and-input\/input-events"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"AppBrain Team. 2023. Most popular Google Play categories. https:\/\/www.appbrain.com\/stats\/android-market-app-categories \t\t\t\t  AppBrain Team. 2023. Most popular Google Play categories. https:\/\/www.appbrain.com\/stats\/android-market-app-categories"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2014.2372785"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE.2019.00016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Metamorphic testing: a new approach for generating next test cases. HKUST-CS98-01","author":"Chen Tsong Y.","unstructured":"Tsong Y. Chen , Shing C. Cheung , and Shiu Ming Yiu . 2020. Metamorphic testing: a new approach for generating next test cases. HKUST-CS98-01 , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology . Tsong Y. Chen, Shing C. Cheung, and Shiu Ming Yiu. 2020. Metamorphic testing: a new approach for generating next test cases. HKUST-CS98-01, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE.2015.89"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/351240.351266"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Compuware. 2013. Users Have Low Tolerance For Buggy Apps - Only 16% Will Try A Failing App More Than Twice. https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2013\/03\/12\/users-have-low-tolerance-for-buggy-apps-only-16-will-try-a-failing-app-more-than-twice\/ \t\t\t\t  Compuware. 2013. Users Have Low Tolerance For Buggy Apps - Only 16% Will Try A Failing App More Than Twice. https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2013\/03\/12\/users-have-low-tolerance-for-buggy-apps-only-16-will-try-a-failing-app-more-than-twice\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18293\/SEKE2016-223"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/502034.502041"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSME46990.2020.00061"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3180155.3180222"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3428228"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE.2017.8115644"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3213846.3213869"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"Gil Bouhnick. 2019. Visually distorted - when symmetrical UI looks all wrong. https:\/\/www.mobilespoon.net\/2019\/08\/visually-distorted-when-ui-looks-all.html \t\t\t\t  Gil Bouhnick. 2019. Visually distorted - when symmetrical UI looks all wrong. https:\/\/www.mobilespoon.net\/2019\/08\/visually-distorted-when-ui-looks-all.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"Google. 2022. Google Issue Tracker. https:\/\/issuetracker.google.com\/issues\/37124582?pli=1 \t\t\t\t  Google. 2022. Google Issue Tracker. https:\/\/issuetracker.google.com\/issues\/37124582?pli=1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","unstructured":"Google. 2022. Google Play Store. https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps \t\t\t\t  Google. 2022. Google Play Store. https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3533767.3534402"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Tell Facebook: There\u2019s a severe bug when changing profile pics on the iOS app. Retrieved 2022-8 from https:\/\/news.ycombinator.com\/item?id=6456285","author":"News Hacker","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hacker News . 2013 . Tell Facebook: There\u2019s a severe bug when changing profile pics on the iOS app. Retrieved 2022-8 from https:\/\/news.ycombinator.com\/item?id=6456285 Hacker News. 2013. Tell Facebook: There\u2019s a severe bug when changing profile pics on the iOS app. Retrieved 2022-8 from https:\/\/news.ycombinator.com\/item?id=6456285"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1982595.1982612"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3236024.3236055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3238147.3238180"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MOBILESoft.2019.00024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMPSAC.2018.00037"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SANER53432.2022.00048"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/stvr.1752"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3133850.3133853"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICST.2017.22"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1181309.1181314"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE.2019.00015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2014.2331982"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","unstructured":"Lint Team. 2022. Android Lint. http:\/\/tools.android.com\/lint\/overview \t\t\t\t  Lint Team. 2022. Android Lint. http:\/\/tools.android.com\/lint\/overview"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3324884.3416547"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","unstructured":"Localytics. 2019. 25% of Users Abandon Apps After One Use. http:\/\/info.localytics.com\/blog\/25-of-users-abandon-apps-after-one-use \t\t\t\t  Localytics. 2019. 25% of Users Abandon Apps After One Use. http:\/\/info.localytics.com\/blog\/25-of-users-abandon-apps-after-one-use"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3180155.3180162"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","unstructured":"Martijn van Welie. 2008. Pattern library. http:\/\/www.welie.com\/patterns\/index.php \t\t\t\t  Martijn van Welie. 2008. Pattern library. http:\/\/www.welie.com\/patterns\/index.php"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","first-page":"100","article-title":"Differential testing for software","volume":"10","author":"McKeeman William M","year":"1998","unstructured":"William M McKeeman . 1998 . Differential testing for software . Digital Technical Journal , 10 , 1 (1998), 100 \u2013 107 . William M McKeeman. 1998. Differential testing for software. Digital Technical Journal, 10, 1 (1998), 100\u2013107.","journal-title":"Digital Technical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","unstructured":"Motherboard. 2020. Here\u2019s the Shadow Inc. App That Failed in Iowa Last Night. https:\/\/www.vice.com\/en_us\/article\/y3m33x\/heres-the-shadow-inc-app-that-failed-in-iowa-last-night \t\t\t\t  Motherboard. 2020. Here\u2019s the Shadow Inc. App That Failed in Iowa Last Night. https:\/\/www.vice.com\/en_us\/article\/y3m33x\/heres-the-shadow-inc-app-that-failed-in-iowa-last-night"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3519939.3523728"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","unstructured":"Dominik Pacholczyk. 2014. Mobile UI Design Patterns A Deeper Look At The Hottest Apps Today. www.uxpin.com. \t\t\t\t  Dominik Pacholczyk. 2014. Mobile UI Design Patterns A Deeper Look At The Hottest Apps Today. www.uxpin.com."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","unstructured":"Reuters. 2021. Japan\u2019s COVID-19 app failed to pass on some contact warnings. https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-health-coronavirus-japan-app-idUSKBN2A31BA \t\t\t\t  Reuters. 2021. Japan\u2019s COVID-19 app failed to pass on some contact warnings. https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-health-coronavirus-japan-app-idUSKBN2A31BA"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3236454.3236490"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3395363.3397379"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3197231.3197241"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2018.2141024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3022671.2984011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3293882.3330550"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","unstructured":"Sixth Tone. 2019. E-Commerce App Loses \u2018Tens of Millions\u2019 From Coupon Glitches. https:\/\/www.sixthtone.com\/news\/1003483\/e-commerce-app-loses-tens-of-millions-from-coupon-glitches \t\t\t\t  Sixth Tone. 2019. E-Commerce App Loses \u2018Tens of Millions\u2019 From Coupon Glitches. https:\/\/www.sixthtone.com\/news\/1003483\/e-commerce-app-loses-tens-of-millions-from-coupon-glitches"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","volume-title":"Boxes and arrows, 7","author":"Spencer Donna","year":"2004","unstructured":"Donna Spencer and T Warfel . 2004. Card Sorting . Boxes and arrows, 7 ( 2004 ). Donna Spencer and T Warfel. 2004. Card Sorting. Boxes and arrows, 7 (2004)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","unstructured":"statcounter. 2022. Mobile Operating System Market Share Worldwide. https:\/\/gs.statcounter.com\/os-market-share\/mobile\/worldwide \t\t\t\t  statcounter. 2022. Mobile Operating System Market Share Worldwide. https:\/\/gs.statcounter.com\/os-market-share\/mobile\/worldwide"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2020.3013438"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3106237.3106298"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3468264.3468620"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3485533"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3460319.3464806"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2023.3236449"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-013-9258-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_61_1","unstructured":"ASCII Team. 2022. ASCII Codes Table. https:\/\/ascii.cl\/ \t\t\t\t  ASCII Team. 2022. ASCII Codes Table. https:\/\/ascii.cl\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_62_1","volume-title":"Designing interfaces: Patterns for effective interaction design. \" O\u2019Reilly Media","author":"Tidwell Jenifer","unstructured":"Jenifer Tidwell . 2010. Designing interfaces: Patterns for effective interaction design. \" O\u2019Reilly Media , Inc .\". Jenifer Tidwell. 2010. Designing interfaces: Patterns for effective interaction design. \" O\u2019Reilly Media, Inc.\"."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_63_1","unstructured":"uiautomator2 Team. 2021. uiautomator2. https:\/\/github.com\/openatx\/uiautomator2 \t\t\t\t  uiautomator2 Team. 2021. uiautomator2. https:\/\/github.com\/openatx\/uiautomator2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSME.2017.27"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3540250.3549170"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3238147.3240465"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2970276.2970312"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSR52588.2021.00082"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICST.2014.31"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2019.00030"}],"event":{"name":"ISSTA '23: 32nd ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis","location":"Seattle WA USA","acronym":"ISSTA '23","sponsor":["SIGSOFT ACM Special Interest Group on Software Engineering","AITO"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 32nd ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3597926.3598138","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3597926.3598138","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T17:48:43Z","timestamp":1750182523000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3597926.3598138"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3597926.3598138","10.1145\/3597926"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3597926.3598138","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-07-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}