{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T05:59:26Z","timestamp":1768283966119,"version":"3.49.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":30,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Tartu","award":["101087529"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101087529"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3600160.3605092","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T22:54:41Z","timestamp":1691621681000},"page":"1-8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Decentralised Public Key Infrastructure for X-Road"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0940-9713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariia","family":"Bakhtina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Estonia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5109-3256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kin Long","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Estonia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1829-4794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raimundas","family":"Matulevi\u010dius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Estonia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1879-1026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Awad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Estonia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9784-7624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petr","family":"\u0160venda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research on Cryptography and Security, Masaryk University, Czech Republic"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Christopher Allen Athur Brock Vitalik Buterin Jon Callas Duke Dorje Christian Lundkvist Pavel Kravchenko Jude Nelson Drummond Reed Markus Sabadello Greg Slepak Noah Thorp and Harlan\u00a0T Wood. [n.d.]. Decentralized Public Key Infrastructure A White Paper from Rebooting the Web of Trust."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3555776.3577678"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18420\/OID2022_13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TrustCom50675.2020.00264"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"The laws of identity","volume":"12","author":"Cameron Kim","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kim Cameron. 2005. The laws of identity. Microsoft Corp 12 (2005), 8\u201311.","journal-title":"Microsoft Corp"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Stephen Curran Artur Philipp Hakan Yildiz Sam Curren and Victor\u00a0Martinez Jurado. [n.d.]. AnonCreds Specification. https:\/\/hyperledger.github.io\/anoncreds-spec\/. Last accessed 10-Apr-2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"DIDComm Messaging v2.1 Editor","author":"Foundation Decentralized Identity","unstructured":"Decentralized Identity Foundation. [n.d.]. DIDComm Messaging v2.1 Editor\u2019s Draft. https:\/\/identity.foundation\/didcomm-messaging\/spec\/v2.1\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3384943.3409436"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18420\/OID2022_03"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"Government of British Columbia Canada. [n.d.]. VON Network. https:\/\/github.com\/bcgov\/von-network. Last accessed 10-Apr-2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"The Sovrin Governance Framework\u00a0Working Group. 2023. Sovrin Glossary V3. https:\/\/sovrin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sovrin-Glossary-V3.pdf. Last accessed 10-Apr-2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"Kyle\u00a0Den Hartog. 2023. Aries RFC 0066: Non-Repudiable Signature for Cryptographic Envelope. https:\/\/github.com\/hyperledger\/aries-rfcs\/blob\/070b325ef4a55005d79d03eb629f0399f3a0dfc4\/features\/0066-non-repudiable-cryptographic-envelope\/README.md. Last accessed 10-Apr-2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"Carly Huitema Daniel Bachenheimer Darrell O\u2019Donnell Drummond Reed Jacques Bikoundou Judith Fleenor Karen Young Kaliya\u00a0Hand John Kneiss Karl\u00a0Jordan Lynn Bendixsen PA Subrahmanyam Sankarshan Mukhopadhyay Scott Perry Victor Syntez Vikas Malhotra and Wenjing Chu. 2023. Introduction to Trust Over IP. Version 2.0.https:\/\/trustoverip.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Introduction-to-ToIP-V2.0-2021-11-17.pdf. Last accessed 10-Apr-2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"Nikita Khateev and Stephen Curran. 2023. Aries RFC 0454: Present Proof Protocol 2.0. https:\/\/github.com\/hyperledger\/aries-rfcs\/blob\/070b325ef4a55005d79d03eb629f0399f3a0dfc4\/features\/0454-present-proof-v2\/README.md. Last accessed 10-Apr-2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"Nikita Khateev Stephen Klump and Stephen Curran. 2023. Aries RFC 0453: Issue Credential Protocol 2.0. https:\/\/github.com\/hyperledger\/aries-rfcs\/blob\/070b325ef4a55005d79d03eb629f0399f3a0dfc4\/features\/0453-issue-credential-v2\/README.md. Last accessed 10-Apr-2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","unstructured":"Petteri Kivim\u00e4ki. 2020. Resisting Failure. https:\/\/www.niis.org\/blog\/2020\/11\/20\/resisting-failure."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Decentralized Public Key Infrastructure for X-Road. Master\u2019s thesis","author":"Leung Kin\u00a0Long","unstructured":"Kin\u00a0Long Leung. 2023. Decentralized Public Key Infrastructure for X-Road. Master\u2019s thesis. University of Tartu, Institute of Computer Science, Tartu."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zolt\u00e1n\u00a0Andr\u00e1s Lux Dirk Thatmann Sebastian Zickau and Felix Beierle. 2020. Distributed-Ledger-based Authentication with Decentralized Identifiers and Verifiable Credentials. In 2020 2nd Conference on Blockchain Research & Applications for Innovative Networks and Services (BRAINS). 71\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/BRAINS49436.2020.9223292","DOI":"10.1109\/BRAINS49436.2020.9223292"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2018.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"Nordic Institute for Interoperability Solutions (NIIS). [n.d.]. X-Road Architecture. https:\/\/docs.x-road.global\/Architecture\/arc-g_x-road_arhitecture.html. Last accessed 10-Apr-2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"Nordic Institute for Interoperability Solutions (NIIS). 2020. X-Road Academy. https:\/\/x-road.thinkific.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2753\/MIS0742-1222240302"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Self-sovereign identity","author":"Preukschat Alex","unstructured":"Alex Preukschat and Drummond Reed. 2021. Self-sovereign identity. Manning Publications, Shelter Island, NY."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"Drummond Reed Manu Sporny Dave Longley Christopher Allen Ryan Grant Markus Sabadello and Jonathan Holt. 2020. Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) v1.0."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stefan Santesson Michael Myers Rich Ankney Ambarish Malpani Slava Galperin and Carlisle Adams. 2013. X.509 Internet Public Key Infrastructure Online Certificate Status Protocol - OCSP. Request for Comments RFC 6960. Internet Engineering Task Force. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17487\/RFC6960 Num Pages: 41.","DOI":"10.17487\/RFC6960"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2021.103553"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Decentralized and Privacy-Preserving Key Management Model. In 2020 International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications (ISNCC). IEEE, 1\u20137.","author":"Soltani Reza","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reza Soltani, Uyen\u00a0Trang Nguyen, and Aijun An. 2020. Decentralized and Privacy-Preserving Key Management Model. In 2020 International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications (ISNCC). IEEE, 1\u20137."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","unstructured":"The Hyperledger Foundation. [n.d.]. Hyperledger Indy SDK. https:\/\/github.com\/hyperledger\/indy-sdk. Last accessed 10-Apr-2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","unstructured":"Ryan West Daniel Bluhm Matthew Hailstone Stephen Curran Sam Curren and George Aristy. 2023. Aries RFC 0023: DID Exchange Protocol 1.0. https:\/\/github.com\/hyperledger\/aries-rfcs\/blob\/070b325ef4a55005d79d03eb629f0399f3a0dfc4\/features\/0023-did-exchange\/README.md. Last accessed 10-Apr-2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","unstructured":"World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). 2022. Verifiable Credentials Data Model v1.1. https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/vc-data-model."}],"event":{"name":"ARES 2023: The 18th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security","location":"Benevento Italy","acronym":"ARES 2023"},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3600160.3605092","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3600160.3605092","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T17:49:17Z","timestamp":1750182557000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3600160.3605092"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3600160.3605092","10.1145\/3600160"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3600160.3605092","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}