{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T04:41:11Z","timestamp":1784090471028,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Creating technology products using codesign techniques often results in higher end-user engagement compared to expert-driven designs. Codesign sessions are typically structured in flexible and informal ways to achieve equal design partnerships, especially in adult-child interactions. This generally leads to better design output, however, it may also increase the enactment of socially constructed stereotypes and biases in ways that negatively affect the experiences of racial minorities and girls\/women in design spaces. We codesigned a video game with a K-5 afterschool program located in a working-class, rural, predominantly white county over 20 weeks. We uncover ways that the codesign process and different activity types can create a permissive environment for enacting behaviors that are harmful to minorities. We discuss ways to manage and restructure codesign programs to be more conducive for children and adults from diverse backgrounds, ultimately leading to healthier design partnerships.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3603624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T12:10:20Z","timestamp":1686831020000},"page":"1-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["\u201cWhat's Your Name Again?\u201d: How Race and Gender Dynamics Impact Codesign Processes and Output"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6810-1383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judith Odili","family":"Uchidiuno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Interactive Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0549-0454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaemarie","family":"Solyst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human-Computer Interaction, Carnegie Mellon University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4552-0913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonaya","family":"Kemper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Robotics Engineering Center, Carnegie Mellon University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3019-3627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik","family":"Harpstead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human-Computer Interaction, Carnegie Mellon University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2419-7771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ross","family":"Higashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Robotics Engineering Center, Carnegie Mellon University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4102-2575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Hammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human-Computer Interaction, Carnegie Mellon University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118269930.CH4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3410404.3414241"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Using technology, literature and guest speakers to raise the cultural awareness of Arabic language learners","volume":"28","author":"Albirini A.","year":"2009","unstructured":"A. Albirini. 2009. Using technology, literature and guest speakers to raise the cultural awareness of Arabic language learners. The International Journal of Language Society 28, (2009), 1\u201315.","journal-title":"The International Journal of Language Society"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104973299129121677"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"272","article-title":"Developing students\u2019 skills for civic discourse setting the stage for civil discourse","volume":"80","author":"Barss Karen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Karen Barss. (2016). Developing students\u2019 skills for civic discourse setting the stage for civil discourse. Social Education 80, 5 (2016), 272\u2013275.","journal-title":"Social Education"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","volume-title":"Our Children and Our Country: Improving America's Schools and Affirming the Common Culture","author":"Bennett William John.","year":"1988","unstructured":"William John. Bennett. 1988. Our Children and Our Country: Improving America's Schools and Affirming the Common Culture. Touchstone Books."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJCCI.2015.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/SCIENCE.AAH6524"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.81.5.828"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2930674.2930712"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/13620-004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/TEA.1041"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3328778.3366873"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/A0036632"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"K. Charmaz. 2014. Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide through Qualitative Analysis. Retrieved December 19 2022 from https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?hl=en&lr=&id=2ThdBAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Charmaz+K.+2014.+Constructing+grounded+theory++a+practical+guide%0Athrough+qualitative+analysis.+London++SAGE&ots=f_pS9OnzyT&sig=pEYVP9-8FfGBiQy_a0nGC61nltM#v=onepage&q&f=false."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08838151.2014.999917"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0013188032000103235"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.00347"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199982981.003.0006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.81.5.800"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7748\/NR2006.04.13.3.7.C5975"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/302979"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01449290110108659"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.2004.tb02578.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3432933"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104973202129120052"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CHB.2013.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/edu0000042"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46743\/2160-3715\/2014.1109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/J.0956-7976.2005.00771.X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1368430212445076"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167214533132"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TSC.2012.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0305569032000159705"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TSC.2020.100693"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJCCI.2012.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01411926.2010.515018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2979\/NWS.2004.16.1.96"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14780880903370064"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002193479802800604"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/JESP.1999.1398"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","first-page":"37","article-title":"Children's developing conceptions of race","author":"Hirschfeld L. A.","year":"2008","unstructured":"L. A. Hirschfeld. 2008. Children's developing conceptions of race. In Handbook of Race, Racism, and the Developing Child. 37\u201354.","journal-title":"Handbook of Race, Racism, and the Developing Child"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","first-page":"79","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Identity and Difference in Higher Education","author":"Housee Shirin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shirin Housee. 2001. Insiders and\/or outsiders: Black female voices from the academy. In Proceedings of the Identity and Difference in Higher Education. P. Anderson and J. Williams (Eds.), Routledge, 79\u201392."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167204271575"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1139073.1139085"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","first-page":"51","article-title":"Race, gender, and young children","author":"Katz P. A.","year":"1997","unstructured":"P. A. Katz and J. A. Kofkin. 1997. Race, gender, and young children. In Proceedings of the Developmental Psychopathology: Perspectives on Adjustment, Risk, and Disorder. Dante Cicchetti Suniya S. Luthar, Jacob A. Burack, John R. Weisz (ed.), 51\u201374.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Developmental Psychopathology: Perspectives on Adjustment, Risk, and Disorder"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.58.11.897B"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcci.2014.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/TEA.21513"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0042085916636653"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2333393620970508"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732302250337"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0042085917702199"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167210367786"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/J.0963-7214.2004.00276.X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858338"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2162-6057.1968.tb00104.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1099-0860.1996.TB00461.X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching","author":"Mujtaba Tamjid","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tamjid Mujtaba and Michael J. Reiss. 2012. Factors affecting whether students in england choose to study physics once the subject is optional. In Proceedings of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lisr.2005.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376392"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0142159X.2022.2057287"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-016-0678-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/TEA.20240"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1467-8624.2006.00906.X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00221546.2009.11772131"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/DESC.12788"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0951839032000060635"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3206505.3206507"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3451344"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327957PSPR0501_4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01419870.2014.931988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.81.5.856"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","unstructured":"G. M. Russell \u2026 N. H. Kelly - \/Forum: Qualitative Social and undefined 2002. 2002. Research as interacting dialogic processes: Implications for reflexivity. qualitative-research.net. Retrieved December 19 2022 from http:\/\/www.qualitative-research.net\/index.php\/fqs\/article\/view\/831."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2991\/CILDIAH-17.2017.53"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08838151.2012.705199"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/258549.258789"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3450446"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2485760.2485769"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/CASP.2450040405"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Unlocking Opportunity For African American Girls A Call To Action for Educational Equity","author":"Smith-Evans L.","year":"2014","unstructured":"L. Smith-Evans, L. George, J. Graves, F. G. Kaufmann, and L. S. Frohlich. 2014. Unlocking Opportunity For African American Girls A Call To Action for Educational Equity. National Women's Law Center. Washington, DC, 1\u201364."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0002716215596959"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","first-page":"53","article-title":"Benefits of co-design in service design projects","volume":"5","author":"Steen M.","year":"2011","unstructured":"M. Steen, M. Manschot, and N. De Koning. 2011. Benefits of co-design in service design projects. International Journal of Design 5, 2 (2011), 53\u201360.","journal-title":"International Journal of Design"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","first-page":"68","article-title":"Teachers role as mediator and facilitator","volume":"24","author":"Terpollari M.","year":"2011","unstructured":"M. Terpollari. 2011. Teachers role as mediator and facilitator. European Scientific Journal 24 (2011), 68\u201374.","journal-title":"European Scientific Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","unstructured":"The Entertainment Software Association. 2021. 2021. Essential Facts About the Video Game Industry."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023290300660"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsc.2016.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08873267.2003.9986934"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.45.5.961"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022487103259812"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Researching Children's Experience: Approaches and Methods","author":"Westcott H. L.","year":"2005","unstructured":"H. L. Westcott and K. S. Littleton. 2005. Exploring meaning in interviews with children. In Proceedings of the Researching Children's Experience: Approaches and Methods. SAGE Publications."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858380"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025787"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025787"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2485760.2485763"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_98_2","unstructured":"T. Zamenopoulos and K. Alexiou. 2018. Co-Design As Collaborative Research."}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3603624","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3603624","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T16:37:21Z","timestamp":1750178241000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3603624"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3603624"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3603624","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-0516","1557-7325"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-0516","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7325","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-04-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}