{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T14:33:13Z","timestamp":1775745193825,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":29,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3605181.3626191","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T18:55:15Z","timestamp":1696964115000},"page":"1-7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Enabling In-Vitro Serverless Systems Research"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3156-010X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitrii","family":"Ustiugov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NTU Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2010-7757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dohyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UIUC, Champaign, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1373-8395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lazar","family":"Cvetkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4494-6979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihajlo","family":"Djokic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBM Research Europe, Zurich, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9707-7291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongyu","family":"H\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6525-0762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boris","family":"Grot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8559-0529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Klimovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"Additional Autoscaling Configuration for Knative Pod Autoscaler. Available at https:\/\/knative.dev\/docs\/serving\/autoscaling\/kpa-specific\/#stable-window.  Additional Autoscaling Configuration for Knative Pod Autoscaler. Available at https:\/\/knative.dev\/docs\/serving\/autoscaling\/kpa-specific\/#stable-window."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Fission: Open Source Kubernetes-Native Serverless Framework. Available at https:\/\/fission.io.  Fission: Open Source Kubernetes-Native Serverless Framework. Available at https:\/\/fission.io."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Fn project. Available at https:\/\/fnproject.io.  Fn project. Available at https:\/\/fnproject.io."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"Knative. Available at https:\/\/knative.dev.  Knative. Available at https:\/\/knative.dev."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"Prometheus. Available at https:\/\/prometheus.io.  Prometheus. Available at https:\/\/prometheus.io."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"Transaction Processing Performance Council. Available at https:\/\/www.tpc.org.  Transaction Processing Performance Council. Available at https:\/\/www.tpc.org."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"What are Industry 4.0 the Fourth Industrial Revolution and 4IR? Available at https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/featured-insights\/mckinsey-explainers\/what-are-industry-4-0-the-fourth-industrial-revolution-and-4ir.  What are Industry 4.0 the Fourth Industrial Revolution and 4IR? Available at https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/featured-insights\/mckinsey-explainers\/what-are-industry-4-0-the-fourth-industrial-revolution-and-4ir."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"Apache. OpenWhisk. Available at https:\/\/openwhisk.apache.org\/.  Apache. OpenWhisk. Available at https:\/\/openwhisk.apache.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"The State of Serverless","author":"Datadog","year":"2021","unstructured":"Datadog . The State of Serverless 2021 . Available at https:\/\/www.datadoghq.com\/state-of-serverless-2021. Datadog. The State of Serverless 2021. Available at https:\/\/www.datadoghq.com\/state-of-serverless-2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","first-page":"3","volume":"14","author":"Deep S.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Deep , S. , Gruenheid , A. , Koutris , P. , Naughton , J. F. , and Viglas , S. Comprehensive and Efficient Workload Compression. Proc. VLDB Endow. 14 , 3 ( 2020 ), 418--430. Deep, S., Gruenheid, A., Koutris, P., Naughton, J. F., and Viglas, S. Comprehensive and Efficient Workload Compression. Proc. VLDB Endow. 14, 3 (2020), 418--430.","journal-title":"Efficient Workload Compression. Proc. VLDB Endow."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The Design and Operation of CloudLab. In Proceedings of the 2019 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (ATC)","author":"Duplyakin D.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Duplyakin , D. , Ricci , R. , Maricq , A. , Wong , G. , Duerig , J. , Eide , E. , Stoller , L. , Hibler , M. , Johnson , D. , Webb , K. , Akella , A. , Wang , K.-C. , Ricart , G. , Landweber , L. , Elliott , C. , Zink , M. , Cecchet , E. , Kar , S. , and Mishra , P . The Design and Operation of CloudLab. In Proceedings of the 2019 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (ATC) ( 2019 ), pp. 1 -- 14 . Duplyakin, D., Ricci, R., Maricq, A., Wong, G., Duerig, J., Eide, E., Stoller, L., Hibler, M., Johnson, D., Webb, K., Akella, A., Wang, K.-C., Ricart, G., Landweber, L., Elliott, C., Zink, M., Cecchet, E., Kar, S., and Mishra, P. The Design and Operation of CloudLab. In Proceedings of the 2019 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (ATC) (2019), pp. 1--14."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3445814.3446757"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Serverless Computation with OpenLambda. In 8th USENIX Workshop on Hot Topics in Cloud Computing (HotCloud)","author":"Hendrickson S.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hendrickson , S. , Sturdevant , S. , Harter , T. , Venkataramani , V. , Arpaci-Dusseau , A. C. , and Arpaci-Dusseau , R. H . Serverless Computation with OpenLambda. In 8th USENIX Workshop on Hot Topics in Cloud Computing (HotCloud) ( 2016 ). Hendrickson, S., Sturdevant, S., Harter, T., Venkataramani, V., Arpaci-Dusseau, A. C., and Arpaci-Dusseau, R. H. Serverless Computation with OpenLambda. In 8th USENIX Workshop on Hot Topics in Cloud Computing (HotCloud) (2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","first-page":"289","volume-title":"Hermod: Principled and Practical Scheduling for Serverless Functions. In Proceedings of the 2022 ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing (SOCC)","author":"Kaffes K.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kaffes , K. , Yadwadkar , N. J. , and Kozyrakis , C . Hermod: Principled and Practical Scheduling for Serverless Functions. In Proceedings of the 2022 ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing (SOCC) ( 2022 ), pp. 289 -- 305 . Kaffes, K., Yadwadkar, N. J., and Kozyrakis, C. Hermod: Principled and Practical Scheduling for Serverless Functions. In Proceedings of the 2022 ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing (SOCC) (2022), pp. 289--305."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","first-page":"881","volume-title":"Lancet: A Self-Correcting Latency Measuring Tool. In Proceedings of the 2019 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (ATC)","author":"Kogias M.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kogias , M. , Mallon , S. , and Bugnion , E . Lancet: A Self-Correcting Latency Measuring Tool. In Proceedings of the 2019 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (ATC) ( 2019 ), pp. 881 -- 896 . Kogias, M., Mallon, S., and Bugnion, E. Lancet: A Self-Correcting Latency Measuring Tool. In Proceedings of the 2019 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (ATC) (2019), pp. 881--896."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"Kubeless. Kubeless: The Kubernetes Native Serverless Framework. Available at https:\/\/kubeless.io.  Kubeless. Kubeless: The Kubernetes Native Serverless Framework. Available at https:\/\/kubeless.io."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Reconciling High Server Utilization and Sub-Millisecond Quality-of-service. In Proceedings of the 2014 EuroSys Conference","author":"Leverich J.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Leverich , J. , and Kozyrakis , C . Reconciling High Server Utilization and Sub-Millisecond Quality-of-service. In Proceedings of the 2014 EuroSys Conference ( 2014 ), pp. 4: 1 -- 4 :14. Leverich, J., and Kozyrakis, C. Reconciling High Server Utilization and Sub-Millisecond Quality-of-service. In Proceedings of the 2014 EuroSys Conference (2014), pp. 4:1--4:14."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"AlpaServe: Statistical Multiplexing with Model Parallelism for Deep Learning Serving. In 17th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI)","author":"Li Z.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li , Z. , Zheng , L. , Zhong , Y. , Liu , V. , Sheng , Y. , Jin , X. , Huang , Y. , Chen , Z. , Zhang , H. , Gonzalez , J. E. , and Stoica , I . AlpaServe: Statistical Multiplexing with Model Parallelism for Deep Learning Serving. In 17th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI) ( 2023 ), USENIX Association. Li, Z., Zheng, L., Zhong, Y., Liu, V., Sheng, Y., Jin, X., Huang, Y., Chen, Z., Zhang, H., Gonzalez, J. E., and Stoica, I. AlpaServe: Statistical Multiplexing with Model Parallelism for Deep Learning Serving. In 17th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI) (2023), USENIX Association."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 50th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture, ISCA 2023","author":"Liang M.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liang , M. , Fu , W. , Feng , L. , Lin , Z. , Panakanti , P. , Zheng , S. , Sridharan , S. , and Delimitrou , C . Mystique: Enabling Accurate and Scalable Generation of Production AI Benchmarks . In Proceedings of the 50th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture, ISCA 2023 , Orlando, FL, USA, June 17--21 , 2023 (2023), Y. Solihin and M. A. Heinrich, Eds., ACM, pp. 37: 1 -- 37 :13. Liang, M., Fu, W., Feng, L., Lin, Z., Panakanti, P., Zheng, S., Sridharan, S., and Delimitrou, C. Mystique: Enabling Accurate and Scalable Generation of Production AI Benchmarks. In Proceedings of the 50th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture, ISCA 2023, Orlando, FL, USA, June 17--21, 2023 (2023), Y. Solihin and M. A. Heinrich, Eds., ACM, pp. 37:1--37:13."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.23919\/DATE.2018.8342032","volume-title":"Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition, DATE 2018","author":"Panda R.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Panda , R. , Zheng , X. , Gerstlauer , A. , and John , L. K . CAMP: Accurate Modeling of Core and Memory Locality for Proxy Generation of Big-Data Applications. In 2018 Design , Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition, DATE 2018 , Dresden, Germany, March 19--23 , 2018 (2018), J. Madsen and A. K. Coskun, Eds., IEEE, pp. 337 -- 342 . Panda, R., Zheng, X., Gerstlauer, A., and John, L. K. CAMP: Accurate Modeling of Core and Memory Locality for Proxy Generation of Big-Data Applications. In 2018 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition, DATE 2018, Dresden, Germany, March 19--23, 2018 (2018), J. Madsen and A. K. Coskun, Eds., IEEE, pp. 337--342."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","first-page":"714","volume-title":"Memory Deduplication for Serverless Computing with Medes. In Proceedings of the 2022 EuroSys Conference","author":"Saxena D.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Saxena , D. , Ji , T. , Singhvi , A. , Khalid , J. , and Akella , A . Memory Deduplication for Serverless Computing with Medes. In Proceedings of the 2022 EuroSys Conference ( 2022 ), pp. 714 -- 729 . Saxena, D., Ji, T., Singhvi, A., Khalid, J., and Akella, A. Memory Deduplication for Serverless Computing with Medes. In Proceedings of the 2022 EuroSys Conference (2022), pp. 714--729."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","first-page":"205","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (ATC)","author":"Shahrad M.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shahrad , M. , Fonseca , R. , Goiri , I. , Chaudhry , G. , Batum , P. , Cooke , J. , Laureano , E. , Tresness , C. , Russinovich , M. , and Bianchini , R . Serverless in the Wild: Characterizing and Optimizing the Serverless Workload at a Large Cloud Provider . In Proceedings of the 2020 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (ATC) ( 2020 ), pp. 205 -- 218 . Shahrad, M., Fonseca, R., Goiri, I., Chaudhry, G., Batum, P., Cooke, J., Laureano, E., Tresness, C., Russinovich, M., and Bianchini, R. Serverless in the Wild: Characterizing and Optimizing the Serverless Workload at a Large Cloud Provider. In Proceedings of the 2020 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (ATC) (2020), pp. 205--218."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","first-page":"138","volume-title":"Atoll: A Scalable Low-Latency Serverless Platform. In Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing (SOCC)","author":"Singhvi A.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Singhvi , A. , Balasubramanian , A. , Houck , K. , Shaikh , M. D. , Venkataraman , S. , and Akella , A . Atoll: A Scalable Low-Latency Serverless Platform. In Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing (SOCC) ( 2021 ), p. 138 -- 152 . Singhvi, A., Balasubramanian, A., Houck, K., Shaikh, M. D., Venkataraman, S., and Akella, A. Atoll: A Scalable Low-Latency Serverless Platform. In Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing (SOCC) (2021), p. 138--152."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","first-page":"51","volume-title":"Analyzing Tail Latency in Serverless Clouds with STeLLAR. In Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Workload Characterization (IISWC)","author":"Ustiugov D.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ustiugov , D. , Amariucai , T. , and Grot , B . Analyzing Tail Latency in Serverless Clouds with STeLLAR. In Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Workload Characterization (IISWC) ( 2021 ), pp. 51 -- 62 . Ustiugov, D., Amariucai, T., and Grot, B. Analyzing Tail Latency in Serverless Clouds with STeLLAR. In Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Workload Characterization (IISWC) (2021), pp. 51--62."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Analyzing Tail Latency in Serverless Clouds with STeLLAR. In IEEE International Symposium on Workload Characterization (IISWC)","author":"Ustiugov D.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ustiugov , D. , Amariucai , T. , and Grot , B . Analyzing Tail Latency in Serverless Clouds with STeLLAR. In IEEE International Symposium on Workload Characterization (IISWC) ( 2021 ). Ustiugov, D., Amariucai, T., and Grot, B. Analyzing Tail Latency in Serverless Clouds with STeLLAR. In IEEE International Symposium on Workload Characterization (IISWC) (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3445814.3446714"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","first-page":"443","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2021 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (ATC)","author":"Wang A.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang , A. , Chang , S. , Tian , H. , Wang , H. , Yang , H. , Li , H. , Du , R. , and Cheng , Y . FaaSNet: Scalable and Fast Provisioning of Custom Serverless Container Runtimes at Alibaba Cloud Function Compute . In Proceedings of the 2021 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (ATC) ( 2021 ), pp. 443 -- 457 . Wang, A., Chang, S., Tian, H., Wang, H., Yang, H., Li, H., Du, R., and Cheng, Y. FaaSNet: Scalable and Fast Provisioning of Custom Serverless Container Runtimes at Alibaba Cloud Function Compute. In Proceedings of the 2021 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (ATC) (2021), pp. 443--457."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","first-page":"11","volume":"64","author":"Yu Z.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yu , Z. , Eeckhout , L. , Goswami , N. , Li , T. , John , L. K. , Jin , H. , Xu , C. , and Wu , J. GPGPU-MiniBench: Accelerating GPGPU Micro-Architecture Simulation. IEEE Trans. Computers 64 , 11 ( 2015 ), 3153--3166. Yu, Z., Eeckhout, L., Goswami, N., Li, T., John, L. K., Jin, H., Xu, C., and Wu, J. GPGPU-MiniBench: Accelerating GPGPU Micro-Architecture Simulation. IEEE Trans. Computers 64, 11 (2015), 3153--3166.","journal-title":"J. GPGPU-MiniBench: Accelerating GPGPU Micro-Architecture Simulation. IEEE Trans. Computers"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2022 ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing (SOCC)","author":"Zhang J.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang , J. , Jin , C. , Huang , Y. , Yi , L. , Ding , Y. , and Guo , F . KOLE: Breaking the Scalability Barrier for Managing Far Edge Nodes in Cloud . In Proceedings of the 2022 ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing (SOCC) ( 2022 ). Zhang, J., Jin, C., Huang, Y., Yi, L., Ding, Y., and Guo, F. KOLE: Breaking the Scalability Barrier for Managing Far Edge Nodes in Cloud. In Proceedings of the 2022 ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing (SOCC) (2022)."}],"event":{"name":"WORDS '23: 4th Workshop on Resource Disaggregation and Serverless","location":"Koblenz Germany","acronym":"WORDS '23","sponsor":["SIGOPS ACM Special Interest Group on Operating Systems","USENIX"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Resource Disaggregation and Serverless"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3605181.3626191","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T00:03:54Z","timestamp":1750291434000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3605181.3626191"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3605181.3626191","10.1145\/3605181"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3605181.3626191","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-10-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}