{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T04:12:17Z","timestamp":1750219937775,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGOPS Oper. Syst. Rev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Navigating the performance and efficiency trade-offs is critical for serverless platforms, where the providers ideally want to give the illusion of warm function startups while maintaining low resource costs. Limited controls, provided via toggling sandboxes between warm and cold states and keepalives, force operators to sacrifice significant resources to achieve good performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3606557.3606564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T16:25:16Z","timestamp":1687969516000},"page":"47-53","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Navigating Performance-Efficiency Tradeoffs in Serverless Computing: Deduplication to the Rescue!"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Divyanshu","family":"Saxena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arjun","family":"Singhvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junaid","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aditya","family":"Akella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"https:\/\/criu.org\/","author":"CRIU.","year":"2021","unstructured":"CRIU. https:\/\/criu.org\/ , 2021 . CRIU. https:\/\/criu.org\/, 2021."},{"volume-title":"https:\/\/openwhisk.apache.org\/","year":"2021","unstructured":"OpenWhisk. https:\/\/openwhisk.apache.org\/ , 2021 . OpenWhisk. https:\/\/openwhisk.apache.org\/, 2021.","key":"e_1_2_1_2_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"https:\/\/ www.kernel.org\/doc\/Documentation\/vm\/ksm.txt","author":"Kernel Samepage How","year":"2022","unstructured":"How to use the Kernel Samepage Merging feature. https:\/\/ www.kernel.org\/doc\/Documentation\/vm\/ksm.txt , 2022 . How to use the Kernel Samepage Merging feature. https:\/\/ www.kernel.org\/doc\/Documentation\/vm\/ksm.txt, 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation, NSDI 2010","author":"Agarwal Bhavish","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bhavish Agarwal , Aditya Akella , Ashok Anand , Athula Balachandran , Pushkar Chitnis , Chitra Muthukrishnan , Ramachandran Ramjee , and George Varghese . Endre : An end-system redundancy elimination service for enterprises . In Proceedings of the 7th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation, NSDI 2010 , April 28 --30 , 2010 , San Jose, CA, USA, pages 419--432. USENIX Association, 2010. Bhavish Agarwal, Aditya Akella, Ashok Anand, Athula Balachandran, Pushkar Chitnis, Chitra Muthukrishnan, Ramachandran Ramjee, and George Varghese. Endre: An end-system redundancy elimination service for enterprises. In Proceedings of the 7th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation, NSDI 2010, April 28--30, 2010, San Jose, CA, USA, pages 419--432. USENIX Association, 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"923","volume-title":"Towards high-performance serverless computing. In 2018 {USENIX} Annual Technical Conference ({USENIX} {ATC} 18)","author":"Akkus Istemi Ekin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Istemi Ekin Akkus , Ruichuan Chen , Ivica Rimac , Manuel Stein , Klaus Satzke , Andre Beck , Paarijaat Aditya , and Volker Hilt . {SAND} : Towards high-performance serverless computing. In 2018 {USENIX} Annual Technical Conference ({USENIX} {ATC} 18) , pages 923 -- 935 , 2018 . Istemi Ekin Akkus, Ruichuan Chen, Ivica Rimac, Manuel Stein, Klaus Satzke, Andre Beck, Paarijaat Aditya, and Volker Hilt. {SAND}: Towards high-performance serverless computing. In 2018 {USENIX} Annual Technical Conference ({USENIX} {ATC} 18), pages 923--935, 2018."},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","DOI":"10.1145\/3484266.3487379"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","DOI":"10.1145\/3342195.3392698"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","DOI":"10.1145\/3373376.3378512"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference (ATC)","author":"Duplyakin Dmitry","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dmitry Duplyakin , Robert Ricci , Aleksander Maricq , Gary Wong , Jonathon Duerig , Eric Eide , Leigh Stoller , Mike Hibler , David Johnson , Kirk Webb , Aditya Akella , Kuangching Wang , Glenn Ricart , Larry Landweber , Chip Elliott , Michael Zink , Emmanuel Cecchet , Snigdhaswin Kar , and Prabodh Mishra . The design and operation of CloudLab . In Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference (ATC) , pages 1 -- 14 , July 2019 . Dmitry Duplyakin, Robert Ricci, Aleksander Maricq, Gary Wong, Jonathon Duerig, Eric Eide, Leigh Stoller, Mike Hibler, David Johnson, Kirk Webb, Aditya Akella, Kuangching Wang, Glenn Ricart, Larry Landweber, Chip Elliott, Michael Zink, Emmanuel Cecchet, Snigdhaswin Kar, and Prabodh Mishra. The design and operation of CloudLab. In Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference (ATC), pages 1--14, July 2019."},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","DOI":"10.1145\/3445814.3446757"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"689","volume-title":"2022 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC 22)","author":"Graur Dan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dan Graur , Damien Aymon , Dan Kluser , Tanguy Albrici , Chandramohan A. Thekkath , and Ana Klimovic . Cachew : Machine learning input data processing as a service . In 2022 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC 22) , pages 689 -- 706 , Carlsbad, CA , July 2022 . USENIX Association. Dan Graur, Damien Aymon, Dan Kluser, Tanguy Albrici, Chandramohan A. Thekkath, and Ana Klimovic. Cachew: Machine learning input data processing as a service. In 2022 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC 22), pages 689--706, Carlsbad, CA, July 2022. USENIX Association."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"8th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 08)","author":"Gupta Diwaker","year":"2008","unstructured":"Diwaker Gupta , Sangmin Lee , Michael Vrable , Stefan Savage , Alex C. Snoeren , George Varghese , Geoffrey M. Voelker , and Amin Vahdat . Difference engine : Harnessing memory redundancy in virtual machines . In 8th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 08) , San Diego, CA , December 2008 . USENIX Association. Diwaker Gupta, Sangmin Lee, Michael Vrable, Stefan Savage, Alex C. Snoeren, George Varghese, Geoffrey M. Voelker, and Amin Vahdat. Difference engine: Harnessing memory redundancy in virtual machines. In 8th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 08), San Diego, CA, December 2008. USENIX Association."},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","DOI":"10.1109\/CLOUD.2019.00091"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"57","volume-title":"2018 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC 18)","author":"Oakes Edward","year":"2018","unstructured":"Edward Oakes , Leon Yang , Dennis Zhou , Kevin Houck , Tyler Harter , Andrea Arpaci-Dusseau , and Remzi Arpaci-Dusseau . SOCK : Rapid task provisioning with serverless-optimized containers . In 2018 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC 18) , pages 57 -- 70 , Boston, MA , July 2018 . USENIX Association. Edward Oakes, Leon Yang, Dennis Zhou, Kevin Houck, Tyler Harter, Andrea Arpaci-Dusseau, and Remzi Arpaci-Dusseau. SOCK: Rapid task provisioning with serverless-optimized containers. In 2018 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC 18), pages 57--70, Boston, MA, July 2018. USENIX Association."},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","DOI":"10.1145\/3492321.3524272"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"205","volume-title":"2020 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC 20)","author":"Shahrad Mohammad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mohammad Shahrad , Rodrigo Fonseca , Inigo Goiri , Gohar Chaudhry , Paul Batum , Jason Cooke , Eduardo Laureano , Colby Tresness , Mark Russinovich , and Ricardo Bianchini . Serverless in the wild: Characterizing and optimizing the serverless workload at a large cloud provider . In 2020 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC 20) , pages 205 -- 218 . USENIX Association , July 2020 . Mohammad Shahrad, Rodrigo Fonseca, Inigo Goiri, Gohar Chaudhry, Paul Batum, Jason Cooke, Eduardo Laureano, Colby Tresness, Mark Russinovich, and Ricardo Bianchini. Serverless in the wild: Characterizing and optimizing the serverless workload at a large cloud provider. In 2020 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC 20), pages 205--218. USENIX Association, July 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","author":"Waldspurger Carl A.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Carl A. Waldspurger . Memory resource management in vmware esx server. SIGOPS Oper. Syst. Rev., 36(SI):181--194, dec 2003 . Carl A. Waldspurger. Memory resource management in vmware esx server. SIGOPS Oper. Syst. Rev., 36(SI):181--194, dec 2003.","journal-title":"Oper. Syst. Rev., 36(SI):181--194, dec"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","DOI":"10.5555\/3277355.3277369"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","DOI":"10.1145\/2785956.2787484"}],"container-title":["ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3606557.3606564","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3606557.3606564","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T17:48:51Z","timestamp":1750182531000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3606557.3606564"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3606557.3606564"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3606557.3606564","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-5980"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0163-5980"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-06-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}