{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T21:17:48Z","timestamp":1778275068665,"version":"3.51.4"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":70,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3607822.3614534","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T10:37:16Z","timestamp":1697193436000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Sphere Saber: A Virtual Reality Exergame to Study Age-Related Differences in Selective Visual Attention and Information Processing"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0340-0296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"Oberfrank","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1914-7008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucie","family":"Kruse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9879-7414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank","family":"Steinicke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2011.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.5.002210"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/BPL-160040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Video game training to improve selective visual attention in older adults. Computers in human behavior 29, 4","author":"Belchior Patr\u00edcia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Patr\u00edcia Belchior, Michael Marsiske, Shannon\u00a0M Sisco, Anna Yam, Daphne Bavelier, Karlene Ball, and William\u00a0C Mann. 2013. Video game training to improve selective visual attention in older adults. Computers in human behavior 29, 4 (2013), 1318\u20131324."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41465-019-00142-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"Mike Boland. 2021. Can Advertising Scale in VR? (Yes and No). https:\/\/arinsider.co\/2021\/07\/16\/can-advertising-scale-in-vr-yes-and-no\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1026\/\/0012-1924.48.2.101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Virtual reality: how much immersion is enough?Computer 40, 7","author":"Bowman A","year":"2007","unstructured":"Doug\u00a0A Bowman and Ryan\u00a0P McMahan. 2007. Virtual reality: how much immersion is enough?Computer 40, 7 (2007), 36\u201343."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"SUS-A quick and dirty usability scale. Usability evaluation in industry 189, 194","author":"John Brooke","year":"1996","unstructured":"John Brooke 1996. SUS-A quick and dirty usability scale. Usability evaluation in industry 189, 194 (1996), 4\u20137."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Not just fun and games: applications of virtual reality in the identification and rehabilitation of cognitive disorders of the elderly. Disability and rehabilitation: Assistive technology 6, 4","author":"Cherniack E\u00a0Paul","year":"2011","unstructured":"E\u00a0Paul Cherniack. 2011. Not just fun and games: applications of virtual reality in the identification and rehabilitation of cognitive disorders of the elderly. Disability and rehabilitation: Assistive technology 6, 4 (2011), 283\u2013289."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"A Pilot Study Exploring Age Differences in Presence, Workload, and Cybersickness in the Experience of Immersive Virtual Reality Environments. Frontiers in Virtual Reality","author":"Dilanchian T","year":"2021","unstructured":"Andrew\u00a0T Dilanchian, Ronald Andringa, and Walter\u00a0R Boot. 2021. A Pilot Study Exploring Age Differences in Presence, Workload, and Cybersickness in the Experience of Immersive Virtual Reality Environments. Frontiers in Virtual Reality (2021), 129."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Can physical exercise in old age improve memory and hippocampal function?Brain 139, 3","author":"Duzel Emrah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Emrah Duzel, Henriette van Praag, and Michael Sendtner. 2016. Can physical exercise in old age improve memory and hippocampal function?Brain 139, 3 (2016), 662\u2013673."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Can simulator sickness be avoided? A review on temporal aspects of simulator sickness. Frontiers in psychology 9","author":"Du\u017cma\u0144ska Natalia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Natalia Du\u017cma\u0144ska, Pawe\u0142 Strojny, and Agnieszka Strojny. 2018. Can simulator sickness be avoided? A review on temporal aspects of simulator sickness. Frontiers in psychology 9 (2018), 2132."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2055668320913770"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1541931218621120"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"Beat Games. 2022. Beat Saber. https:\/\/beatsaber.com"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-8141(98)00068-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Predicting individual differences in motion sickness susceptibility by questionnaire. Personality and Individual differences 41, 2","author":"Golding F","year":"2006","unstructured":"John\u00a0F Golding. 2006. Predicting individual differences in motion sickness susceptibility by questionnaire. Personality and Individual differences 41, 2 (2006), 237\u2013248."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.25.007984"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VR.2019.8797725"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Advances in psychology. Vol.\u00a052","author":"Hart G","unstructured":"Sandra\u00a0G Hart and Lowell\u00a0E Staveland. 1988. Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of empirical and theoretical research. In Advances in psychology. Vol.\u00a052. Elsevier, 139\u2013183."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"The effects of acute physical exercise on memory, peripheral BDNF, and cortisol in young adults. Neural plasticity 2016","author":"H\u00f6tting Kirsten","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kirsten H\u00f6tting, Nadine Schickert, Jochen Kaiser, Brigitte R\u00f6der, and Maren Schmidt-Kassow. 2016. The effects of acute physical exercise on memory, peripheral BDNF, and cortisol in young adults. Neural plasticity 2016 (2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2019.0269"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300388"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3491101.3519736"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3474679"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Research in visually induced motion sickness. Applied ergonomics 41, 4","author":"Kennedy S","year":"2010","unstructured":"Robert\u00a0S Kennedy, Julie Drexler, and Robert\u00a0C Kennedy. 2010. Research in visually induced motion sickness. Applied ergonomics 41, 4 (2010), 494\u2013503."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Simulator sickness questionnaire: An enhanced method for quantifying simulator sickness. The international journal of aviation psychology 3, 3","author":"Kennedy S","year":"1993","unstructured":"Robert\u00a0S Kennedy, Norman\u00a0E Lane, Kevin\u00a0S Berbaum, and Michael\u00a0G Lilienthal. 1993. Simulator sickness questionnaire: An enhanced method for quantifying simulator sickness. The international journal of aviation psychology 3, 3 (1993), 203\u2013220."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Comparing simulator sickness in younger and older adults during simulated driving under different multisensory conditions. Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour 54","author":"Keshavarz B","year":"2018","unstructured":"B Keshavarz, R Ramkhalawansingh, B Haycock, S Shahab, and JL Campos. 2018. Comparing simulator sickness in younger and older adults during simulated driving under different multisensory conditions. Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour 54 (2018), 47\u201362."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Simulator sickness in virtual environments. Vol.\u00a01027","author":"Kolasinski M","unstructured":"Eugenia\u00a0M Kolasinski. 1995. Simulator sickness in virtual environments. Vol.\u00a01027. US Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203629"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"ICAT-EGVE 2021\u2014International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments","author":"Kruse Lucie","unstructured":"Lucie Kruse, Sukran Karaosmanoglu, Sebastian Rings, Benedikt Ellinger, Daniel Apken, Thandiwe\u00a0Feziwe Mangana, and Frank Steinicke. 2021. A Long-Term User Study of an Immersive Exergame for Older Adults with Mild Dementia during the COVID-19 Pandemic. In ICAT-EGVE 2021\u2014International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments. The Eurographics Association Goslar, Germany."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3565970.3567684"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376803"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Perceptual load as a major determinant of the locus of selection in visual attention. Perception & psychophysics 56, 2","author":"Lavie Nilli","year":"1994","unstructured":"Nilli Lavie and Yehoshua Tsal. 1994. Perceptual load as a major determinant of the locus of selection in visual attention. Perception & psychophysics 56, 2 (1994), 183\u2013197."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VR.2002.996519"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"Aging and motivated cognition: The positivity effect in attention and memory. Trends in cognitive sciences 9, 10","author":"Mather Mara","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mara Mather and Laura\u00a0L Carstensen. 2005. Aging and motivated cognition: The positivity effect in attention and memory. Trends in cognitive sciences 9, 10 (2005), 496\u2013502."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"The influence of perceptual load on age differences in selective attention.Psychology and aging 13, 4","author":"Maylor A","year":"1998","unstructured":"Elizabeth\u00a0A Maylor and Nilli Lavie. 1998. The influence of perceptual load on age differences in selective attention.Psychology and aging 13, 4 (1998), 563."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Effects of aging and task difficulty on divided attention performance.Journal of experimental psychology: human perception and performance 14, 2","author":"McDowd M","year":"1988","unstructured":"Joan\u00a0M McDowd and Fergus\u00a0IM Craik. 1988. Effects of aging and task difficulty on divided attention performance.Journal of experimental psychology: human perception and performance 14, 2 (1988), 267."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"Characteristics of head-mounted displays and their effects on simulator sickness. Human factors 53, 3","author":"Moss D","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jason\u00a0D Moss and Eric\u00a0R Muth. 2011. Characteristics of head-mounted displays and their effects on simulator sickness. Human factors 53, 3 (2011), 308\u2013319."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2993369.2993405"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of meaningful play 2010","author":"Oh Yoonsin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yoonsin Oh and Stephen Yang. 2010. Defining exergames & exergaming. Proceedings of meaningful play 2010 (2010), 21\u201323."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"Demand characteristics and the concept of quasi-controls. Artifacts in behavioral research: Robert Rosenthal and Ralph L. Rosnow\u2019s classic books 110","author":"Orne T","year":"2009","unstructured":"Martin\u00a0T Orne. 2009. Demand characteristics and the concept of quasi-controls. Artifacts in behavioral research: Robert Rosenthal and Ralph L. Rosnow\u2019s classic books 110 (2009), 110\u2013137."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-130501"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/528\/1\/012018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2016.1140217"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2015.2403312"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2993369.2996322"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","volume-title":"The 35th Sir Frederick Bartlett Lecture: Eye movements and attention in reading, scene perception, and visual search. Quarterly journal of experimental psychology 62, 8","author":"Rayner Keith","year":"2009","unstructured":"Keith Rayner. 2009. The 35th Sir Frederick Bartlett Lecture: Eye movements and attention in reading, scene perception, and visual search. Quarterly journal of experimental psychology 62, 8 (2009), 1457\u20131506."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","volume-title":"Eye movements and the perceptual span in older and younger readers.Psychology and aging 24, 3","author":"Rayner Keith","year":"2009","unstructured":"Keith Rayner, Monica\u00a0S Castelhano, and Jinmian Yang. 2009. Eye movements and the perceptual span in older and younger readers.Psychology and aging 24, 3 (2009), 755."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","volume-title":"The effect of word frequency, word predictability, and font difficulty on the eye movements of young and older readers.Psychology and aging 21, 3","author":"Rayner Keith","year":"2006","unstructured":"Keith Rayner, Erik\u00a0D Reichle, Michael\u00a0J Stroud, Carrick\u00a0C Williams, and Alexander Pollatsek. 2006. The effect of word frequency, word predictability, and font difficulty on the eye movements of young and older readers.Psychology and aging 21, 3 (2006), 448."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327590ijhc1003_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-019-01649-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3383668.3419883"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_56_1","volume-title":"The effect of viewing a virtual environment through a head-mounted display on balance. Gait & posture 48","author":"Robert T","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maxime\u00a0T Robert, Laurent Ballaz, and Martin Lemay. 2016. The effect of viewing a virtual environment through a head-mounted display on balance. Gait & posture 48 (2016), 261\u2013266."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/mti3010019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-95270-3_7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_59_1","volume-title":"Factors associated with virtual reality sickness in head-mounted displays: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in human neuroscience 14","author":"Saredakis Dimitrios","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dimitrios Saredakis, Ancret Szpak, Brandon Birckhead, Hannah\u00a0AD Keage, Albert Rizzo, and Tobias Loetscher. 2020. Factors associated with virtual reality sickness in head-mounted displays: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in human neuroscience 14 (2020), 96."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_60_1","volume-title":"Information and communication technologies in tourism","author":"Sarkady Daniel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Daniel Sarkady, Larissa Neuburger, and Roman Egger. 2021. Virtual reality as a travel substitution tool during COVID-19. In Information and communication technologies in tourism 2021. Springer, 452\u2013463."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_61_1","volume-title":"Barriers and motivations to exercise in older adults. Preventive medicine 39, 5","author":"Schutzer A","year":"2004","unstructured":"Karen\u00a0A Schutzer and B\u00a0Sue Graves. 2004. Barriers and motivations to exercise in older adults. Preventive medicine 39, 5 (2004), 1056\u20131061."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_62_1","volume-title":"Effects of aging on the useful field of view.Experimental Aging Research 26, 2","author":"Sekuler AB","year":"2000","unstructured":"AB Sekuler, PJ Bennett, and M Mamelak. 2000. Effects of aging on the useful field of view.Experimental Aging Research 26, 2 (2000), 103\u2013120."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_63_1","unstructured":"Lindsay\u00a0Alexander Shaw Burkhard\u00a0Claus W\u00fcnsche Christof Lutteroth Stefan Marks and Rodolphe Callies. 2015. Challenges in virtual reality exergame design. (2015)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2008.00681.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_65_1","volume-title":"Being really virtual","author":"Steinicke Frank","unstructured":"Frank Steinicke. 2016. Being really virtual. Springer."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_66_1","volume-title":"Virtual reality among the elderly: a usefulness and acceptance study from Taiwan. BMC geriatrics 19, 1","author":"Syed-Abdul Shabbir","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shabbir Syed-Abdul, Shwetambara Malwade, Aldilas\u00a0Achmad Nursetyo, Mishika Sood, Madhu Bhatia, Diana Barsasella, Megan\u00a0F Liu, Chia-Chi Chang, Kathiravan Srinivasan, Yu-Chuan\u00a0Jack Li, 2019. Virtual reality among the elderly: a usefulness and acceptance study from Taiwan. BMC geriatrics 19, 1 (2019), 1\u201310."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_67_1","unstructured":"Unity Technologies. 2022. The world\u2019s leading platform for real-time content creation. https:\/\/unity.com"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app12031027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_69_1","unstructured":"Gothaer Versicherungen. 2018. gothaer Fragebogen Augenkrankheiten. http:\/\/www.gothaer.at\/media\/gothaer_at\/formulare\/risikofrageboegen\/201504_FB17a_Augenkrankheiten.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00158"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445801"}],"event":{"name":"SUI '23: ACM Symposium on Spatial User Interaction","location":"Sydney NSW Australia","acronym":"SUI '23","sponsor":["SIGGRAPH ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques","SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2023 ACM Symposium on Spatial User Interaction"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3607822.3614534","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3607822.3614534","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T16:47:21Z","timestamp":1750178841000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3607822.3614534"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3607822.3614534","10.1145\/3607822"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3607822.3614534","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-10-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}