{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T21:15:32Z","timestamp":1773954932722,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":33,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]],"date-time":"2023-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3609021.3609307","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T17:13:20Z","timestamp":1692378800000},"page":"77-83","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["HEELS: A Host-Enabled eBPF-Based Load Balancing Scheme"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9177-0665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7034-5284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marios","family":"Kogias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London &amp; Azure Research, London, United Kingdom"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI). 111--124","author":"Ara\u00fajo Jo\u00e3o Taveira","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jo\u00e3o Taveira Ara\u00fajo , Lorenzo Saino , Lennert Buytenhek , and Raul Landa . 2018 . Balancing on the Edge: Transport Affinity without Network State .. In Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI). 111--124 . Jo\u00e3o Taveira Ara\u00fajo, Lorenzo Saino, Lennert Buytenhek, and Raul Landa. 2018. Balancing on the Edge: Transport Affinity without Network State.. In Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI). 111--124."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"AWS. 2023. AWS Elastic Load Balancing. (2023). https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/elasticloadbalancing\/ [Accessed: (06\/2023)].  AWS. 2023. AWS Elastic Load Balancing. (2023). https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/elasticloadbalancing\/ [Accessed: (06\/2023)]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 17th Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI). 667--683","author":"Barbette Tom","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tom Barbette , Chen Tang , Haoran Yao , Dejan Kostic , Gerald Q. Maguire Jr ., Panagiotis Papadimitratos , and Marco Chiesa . 2020 . A High-Speed Load-Balancer Design with Guaranteed Per-Connection-Consistency .. In Proceedings of the 17th Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI). 667--683 . Tom Barbette, Chen Tang, Haoran Yao, Dejan Kostic, Gerald Q. Maguire Jr., Panagiotis Papadimitratos, and Marco Chiesa. 2020. A High-Speed Load-Balancer Design with Guaranteed Per-Connection-Consistency.. In Proceedings of the 17th Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI). 667--683."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"Cloudflare. 2020. Unimog - Cloudflare's edge load balancer. (2020). https:\/\/blog.cloudflare.com\/unimog-cloudflares-edge-load-balancer\/ [Accessed: (06\/2023)].  Cloudflare. 2020. Unimog - Cloudflare's edge load balancer. (2020). https:\/\/blog.cloudflare.com\/unimog-cloudflares-edge-load-balancer\/ [Accessed: (06\/2023)]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"https:\/\/docs.docker.com\/engine\/swarm\/ [Accessed: (06\/2023)]","author":"Swarm Docker","year":"2023","unstructured":"Docker. 2023. Docker Swarm . ( 2023 ). https:\/\/docs.docker.com\/engine\/swarm\/ [Accessed: (06\/2023)] . Docker. 2023. Docker Swarm. (2023). https:\/\/docs.docker.com\/engine\/swarm\/ [Accessed: (06\/2023)]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 13th Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI). 523--535","author":"Eisenbud Daniel E.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Daniel E. Eisenbud , Cheng Yi , Carlo Contavalli , Cody Smith , Roman Kononov , Eric Mann-Hielscher , Ardas Cilingiroglu , Bin Cheyney , Wentao Shang , and Jinnah Dylan Hosein . 2016 . Maglev: A Fast and Reliable Software Network Load Balancer .. In Proceedings of the 13th Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI). 523--535 . Daniel E. Eisenbud, Cheng Yi, Carlo Contavalli, Cody Smith, Roman Kononov, Eric Mann-Hielscher, Ardas Cilingiroglu, Bin Cheyney, Wentao Shang, and Jinnah Dylan Hosein. 2016. Maglev: A Fast and Reliable Software Network Load Balancer.. In Proceedings of the 13th Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI). 523--535."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2619239.2626317"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 18th Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI). 487--501","author":"Ghigoff Yoann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yoann Ghigoff , Julien Sopena , Kahina Lazri , Antoine Blin , and Gilles Muller . 2021 . BMC: Accelerating Memcached using Safe In-kernel Caching and Pre-stack Processing .. In Proceedings of the 18th Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI). 487--501 . Yoann Ghigoff, Julien Sopena, Kahina Lazri, Antoine Blin, and Gilles Muller. 2021. BMC: Accelerating Memcached using Safe In-kernel Caching and Pre-stack Processing.. In Proceedings of the 18th Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI). 487--501."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"Github. 2016. Github Load Balancer. (2016). https:\/\/github.blog\/2016-09-22-introducing-glb\/ [Accessed: (06\/2023)].  Github. 2016. Github Load Balancer. (2016). https:\/\/github.blog\/2016-09-22-introducing-glb\/ [Accessed: (06\/2023)]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3127479.3127480"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"IETF. 2021. The QUIC Transport Protocol - IETF. (2021). https:\/\/datatracker.ietf.org\/doc\/html\/draft-ietf-quic-transport-34 [Accessed: (06\/2023)].  IETF. 2021. The QUIC Transport Protocol - IETF. (2021). https:\/\/datatracker.ietf.org\/doc\/html\/draft-ietf-quic-transport-34 [Accessed: (06\/2023)]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"https:\/\/fossies.org\/linux\/netperf\/doc\/netperf.pdf [Accessed: (06\/2023)]","author":"Jones Rick","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rick Jones . 2005. NetPerf. ( 2005 ). https:\/\/fossies.org\/linux\/netperf\/doc\/netperf.pdf [Accessed: (06\/2023)] . Rick Jones. 2005. NetPerf. (2005). https:\/\/fossies.org\/linux\/netperf\/doc\/netperf.pdf [Accessed: (06\/2023)]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3477132.3483548"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing (SOCC). 193--207","author":"Kogias Marios","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marios Kogias , Rishabh Iyer , and Edouard Bugnion . 2020 . Bypassing the load balancer without regrets .. In Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing (SOCC). 193--207 . Marios Kogias, Rishabh Iyer, and Edouard Bugnion. 2020. Bypassing the load balancer without regrets.. In Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing (SOCC). 193--207."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"Kubernetes. 2018. IPVS-based Kubernetes Load Balancing. (2018). https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/blog\/2018\/07\/09\/ipvs-based-in-cluster-load-balancing-deep-dive [Accessed: (06\/2023)].  Kubernetes. 2018. IPVS-based Kubernetes Load Balancing. (2018). https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/blog\/2018\/07\/09\/ipvs-based-in-cluster-load-balancing-deep-dive [Accessed: (06\/2023)]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/reference\/command-line-tools-reference\/kube-proxy\/ [Accessed: (06\/2023)]","author":"Proxy Kube","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kubernetes. 2023. Kube Proxy . ( 2023 ). https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/reference\/command-line-tools-reference\/kube-proxy\/ [Accessed: (06\/2023)] . Kubernetes. 2023. Kube Proxy. (2023). https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/reference\/command-line-tools-reference\/kube-proxy\/ [Accessed: (06\/2023)]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"Kubernetes. 2023. Kubernetes Container Orchestrator. (2023). https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/ [Accessed: (06\/2023)].  Kubernetes. 2023. Kubernetes Container Orchestrator. (2023). https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/ [Accessed: (06\/2023)]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/727189\/ [Accessed: (06\/2023)]","author":"OPS.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Linux. 2017. BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCK_ OPS. ( 2017 ). https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/727189\/ [Accessed: (06\/2023)] . Linux. 2017. BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCK_OPS. (2017). https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/727189\/ [Accessed: (06\/2023)]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"https:\/\/docs.kernel.org\/bpf\/map_sk_storage.html [Accessed: (06\/2023)]","author":"STORAGE.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Linux. 2023. BPF_MAP_TYPE_SK_ STORAGE. ( 2023 ). https:\/\/docs.kernel.org\/bpf\/map_sk_storage.html [Accessed: (06\/2023)] . Linux. 2023. BPF_MAP_TYPE_SK_STORAGE. (2023). https:\/\/docs.kernel.org\/bpf\/map_sk_storage.html [Accessed: (06\/2023)]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","unstructured":"Linux. 2023. IPVS Virtual Server. (2023). http:\/\/www.linuxvirtualserver.org\/software\/ipvs.html [Accessed: (06\/2023)].  Linux. 2023. IPVS Virtual Server. (2023). http:\/\/www.linuxvirtualserver.org\/software\/ipvs.html [Accessed: (06\/2023)]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"Linux. 2023. Linux kernel driver for Elastic Network Adapter (ENA) family. (2023). https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/html\/latest\/networking\/device_drivers\/ethernet\/amazon\/ena.html [Accessed: (06\/2023)].  Linux. 2023. Linux kernel driver for Elastic Network Adapter (ENA) family. (2023). https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/html\/latest\/networking\/device_drivers\/ethernet\/amazon\/ena.html [Accessed: (06\/2023)]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","unstructured":"Linux. 2023. Linux Traffic Control. (2023). https:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man8\/tc.8.html [Accessed: (06\/2023)].  Linux. 2023. Linux Traffic Control. (2023). https:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man8\/tc.8.html [Accessed: (06\/2023)]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2019 Conference. 334--350","author":"Liu Zaoxing","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zaoxing Liu , Ran Ben-Basat , Gil Einziger , Yaron Kassner , Vladimir Braverman , Roy Friedman , and Vyas Sekar . 2019 . Nitrosketch: robust and general sketch-based monitoring in software switches .. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2019 Conference. 334--350 . Zaoxing Liu, Ran Ben-Basat, Gil Einziger, Yaron Kassner, Vladimir Braverman, Roy Friedman, and Vyas Sekar. 2019. Nitrosketch: robust and general sketch-based monitoring in software switches.. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2019 Conference. 334--350."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"https:\/\/github.com\/facebookincubator\/katran [Accessed: (06\/2023)]","year":"2023","unstructured":"Meta. 2023. Katran. ( 2023 ). https:\/\/github.com\/facebookincubator\/katran [Accessed: (06\/2023)] . Meta. 2023. Katran. (2023). https:\/\/github.com\/facebookincubator\/katran [Accessed: (06\/2023)]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3594255.3594256"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2021.3055676"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3098822.3098824"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"NGINX DSR: IP Transparency and Direct Server Return with NGINX and NGINX Plus as Transparent Proxy.","author":"NGINX.","year":"2016","unstructured":"NGINX. 2016 . NGINX DSR: IP Transparency and Direct Server Return with NGINX and NGINX Plus as Transparent Proxy. (2016). https:\/\/www.nginx.com\/blog\/ip-transparency-direct-server-return-nginx-plus-transparent-proxy\/ [Accessed: (06\/2023)]. NGINX. 2016. NGINX DSR: IP Transparency and Direct Server Return with NGINX and NGINX Plus as Transparent Proxy. (2016). https:\/\/www.nginx.com\/blog\/ip-transparency-direct-server-return-nginx-plus-transparent-proxy\/ [Accessed: (06\/2023)]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","unstructured":"NGINX. 2023. NGINX Reverse Proxy. (2023). https:\/\/docs.nginx.com\/nginx\/admin-guide\/web-server\/reverse-proxy [Accessed: (06\/2023)].  NGINX. 2023. NGINX Reverse Proxy. (2023). https:\/\/docs.nginx.com\/nginx\/admin-guide\/web-server\/reverse-proxy [Accessed: (06\/2023)]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI). 125--139","author":"Olteanu Vladimir Andrei","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vladimir Andrei Olteanu , Alexandru Agache , Andrei Voinescu , and Costin Raiciu . 2018 . Stateless Datacenter Load-balancing with Beamer .. In Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI). 125--139 . Vladimir Andrei Olteanu, Alexandru Agache, Andrei Voinescu, and Costin Raiciu. 2018. Stateless Datacenter Load-balancing with Beamer.. In Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI). 125--139."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2486001.2486026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2022 Conference. 780--794","author":"Qi Shixiong","unstructured":"Shixiong Qi , Leslie Monis , Ziteng Zeng , Ian-Chin Wang , and K. K. Ramakrishnan . 2022. SPRIGHT: extracting the server from serverless computing! high-performance eBPF-based event-driven, shared-memory processing .. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2022 Conference. 780--794 . Shixiong Qi, Leslie Monis, Ziteng Zeng, Ian-Chin Wang, and K. K. Ramakrishnan. 2022. SPRIGHT: extracting the server from serverless computing! high-performance eBPF-based event-driven, shared-memory processing.. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2022 Conference. 780--794."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","unstructured":"Gil Tene. 2023. wrk2: a HTTP benchmarking tool. (2023). https:\/\/github.com\/giltene\/wrk2\/ [Accessed: (06\/2023)].  Gil Tene. 2023. wrk2: a HTTP benchmarking tool. (2023). https:\/\/github.com\/giltene\/wrk2\/ [Accessed: (06\/2023)]."}],"event":{"name":"eBPF '23: 1st Workshop on eBPF and Kernel Extensions","location":"New York NY USA","acronym":"eBPF '23","sponsor":["SIGCOMM ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on eBPF and Kernel Extensions"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3609021.3609307","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T17:48:57Z","timestamp":1750182537000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3609021.3609307"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3609021.3609307","10.1145\/3609021"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3609021.3609307","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-09-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}