{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T01:13:31Z","timestamp":1780708411636,"version":"3.54.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":60,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101077577"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101077577"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C6632206063-00466847"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C6632206063-00466847"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3609510.3609812","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T16:08:44Z","timestamp":1690819724000},"page":"72-79","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Trusted Heterogeneous Disaggregated Architectures"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5439-4357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsushi","family":"Koshiba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Munich"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0824-3818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Gust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Munich"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6332-0448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian","family":"Pritzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Munich"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6983-0630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anjo","family":"Vahldiek-Oberwagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intel Labs"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9938-0653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC-ID\/Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, University ofLisbon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3220-5735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pramod","family":"Bhatotia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Munich"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"M. Arrimar M. Washha G. S. Ramachandran and B. Crispo. slimIoT: Scalable Lightweight Attestation Protocol For the Internet of Things.  M. Arrimar M. Washha G. S. Ramachandran and B. Crispo. slimIoT: Scalable Lightweight Attestation Protocol For the Internet of Things."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","first-page":"964","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, CCS '15","author":"Asokan N.","unstructured":"N. Asokan , F. Brasser , A. Ibrahim , A.-R. Sadeghi , M. Schunter , G. Tsudik , and C. Wachsmann . SEDA: Scalable Embedded Device Attestation . In Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, CCS '15 , pages 964 -- 975 . Association for Computing Machinery. N. Asokan, F. Brasser, A. Ibrahim, A.-R. Sadeghi, M. Schunter, G. Tsudik, and C. Wachsmann. SEDA: Scalable Embedded Device Attestation. In Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, CCS '15, pages 964--975. Association for Computing Machinery."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1629575.1629579"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","first-page":"647 1558","volume-title":"Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","author":"Boubakri M.","year":"2021","unstructured":"M. Boubakri , F. Chiatante , and B. Zouari . Towards a firmware TPM on RISC-V. In 2021 Design , Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE) , pages 647 -- 650 , Feb. 2021 . ISSN: 1558 - 1101 . M. Boubakri, F. Chiatante, and B. Zouari. Towards a firmware TPM on RISC-V. In 2021 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), pages 647--650, Feb. 2021. ISSN: 1558-1101."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2019.23448"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"11th USENIX Workshop on Offensive Technologies (WOOT 17)","author":"Brasser F.","year":"2017","unstructured":"F. Brasser , U. M\u00fcller , A. Dmitrienko , K. Kostiainen , S. Capkun , and A.-R. Sadeghi . Software grand exposure: SGX cache attacks are practical . In 11th USENIX Workshop on Offensive Technologies (WOOT 17) , Vancouver, BC , Aug. 2017 . USENIX Association. F. Brasser, U. M\u00fcller, A. Dmitrienko, K. Kostiainen, S. Capkun, and A.-R. Sadeghi. Software grand exposure: SGX cache attacks are practical. In 11th USENIX Workshop on Offensive Technologies (WOOT 17), Vancouver, BC, Aug. 2017. USENIX Association."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","first-page":"86","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security, ASIA CCS '17","author":"Carpent X.","unstructured":"X. Carpent , K. ElDefrawy , N. Rattanavipanon , and G. Tsudik . Lightweight Swarm Attestation: A Tale of Two LISA-s . In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security, ASIA CCS '17 , pages 86 -- 100 . Association for Computing Machinery. X. Carpent, K. ElDefrawy, N. Rattanavipanon, and G. Tsudik. Lightweight Swarm Attestation: A Tale of Two LISA-s. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security, ASIA CCS '17, pages 86--100. Association for Computing Machinery."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"X. Carpent N. Rattanavipanon and G. Tsudik. ERASMUS: Efficient Remote Attestation via Self- Measurement for Unattended Settings.  X. Carpent N. Rattanavipanon and G. Tsudik. ERASMUS: Efficient Remote Attestation via Self- Measurement for Unattended Settings."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP40000.2020.00061"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","first-page":"4095","volume-title":"31st USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 22)","author":"Chen G.","year":"2022","unstructured":"G. Chen and Y. Zhang . MAGE: Mutual Attestation for a Group of Enclaves without Trusted Third Parties . In 31st USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 22) , pages 4095 -- 4110 , 2022 . G. Chen and Y. Zhang. MAGE: Mutual Attestation for a Group of Enclaves without Trusted Third Parties. In 31st USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 22), pages 4095--4110, 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Paper 2016\/086","author":"Costan V.","year":"2016","unstructured":"V. Costan and S. Devadas . Intel sgx explained. Cryptology ePrint Archive , Paper 2016\/086 , 2016 . https:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2016\/086. V. Costan and S. Devadas. Intel sgx explained. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Paper 2016\/086, 2016. https:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2016\/086."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2901318.2901323"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Empowering data centers for next generation trusted computing","author":"Dhar A.","year":"2022","unstructured":"A. Dhar , S. Sridhara , S. Shinde , S. Capkun , and R. Andri . Empowering data centers for next generation trusted computing , 2022 . A. Dhar, S. Sridhara, S. Shinde, S. Capkun, and R. Andri. Empowering data centers for next generation trusted computing, 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Privacy-preserving cloud computing on sensitive data: A survey of methods, products and challenges. Comput. Commun., 140(C):38--60, may","author":"Domingo-Ferrer J.","year":"2019","unstructured":"J. Domingo-Ferrer , O. Farr\u00e0s , J. Ribes-Gonz\u00e1lez , and D. S\u00e1nchez . Privacy-preserving cloud computing on sensitive data: A survey of methods, products and challenges. Comput. Commun., 140(C):38--60, may 2019 . J. Domingo-Ferrer, O. Farr\u00e0s, J. Ribes-Gonz\u00e1lez, and D. S\u00e1nchez. Privacy-preserving cloud computing on sensitive data: A survey of methods, products and challenges. Comput. Commun., 140(C):38--60, may 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"15th Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems (HotOS XV)","author":"Faraboschi P.","year":"2015","unstructured":"P. Faraboschi , K. Keeton , T. Marsland , and D. Milojicic . Beyond processor-centric operating systems . In 15th Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems (HotOS XV) , Kartause Ittingen, Switzerland , May 2015 . USENIX Association. P. Faraboschi, K. Keeton, T. Marsland, and D. Milojicic. Beyond processor-centric operating systems. In 15th Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems (HotOS XV), Kartause Ittingen, Switzerland, May 2015. USENIX Association."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3132747.3132782"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FCCM48280.2020.00015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"A survey on efficient convolutional neural networks and hardware acceleration. Electronics, 11(6)","author":"Ghimire D.","year":"2022","unstructured":"D. Ghimire , D. Kil , and S.-h. Kim . A survey on efficient convolutional neural networks and hardware acceleration. Electronics, 11(6) , 2022 . D. Ghimire, D. Kil, and S.-h. Kim. A survey on efficient convolutional neural networks and hardware acceleration. Electronics, 11(6), 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT)","author":"Gholami A.","year":"2015","unstructured":"A. Gholami and E. Laure . Security and privacy of sensitive data in cloud computing: A survey of recent developments . In Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT) . Academy & Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC) , dec 2015 . A. Gholami and E. Laure. Security and privacy of sensitive data in cloud computing: A survey of recent developments. In Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT). Academy & Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), dec 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","unstructured":"GlobalPlatform Technology. TEE System Architecture v1.3 | GPD_spe_009. https:\/\/globalplatform.org\/specs-library\/tee-system-architecture\/.  GlobalPlatform Technology. TEE System Architecture v1.3 | GPD_spe_009. https:\/\/globalplatform.org\/specs-library\/tee-system-architecture\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3065913.3065915"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","first-page":"485","volume-title":"16th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 19)","author":"Gu J.","year":"2019","unstructured":"J. Gu , M. Chowdhury , K. G. Shin , Y. Zhu , M. Jeon , J. Qian , H. Liu , and C. Guo . Tiresias: A GPU cluster manager for distributed deep learning . In 16th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 19) , pages 485 -- 500 , Boston, MA , Feb. 2019 . USENIX Association. J. Gu, M. Chowdhury, K. G. Shin, Y. Zhu, M. Jeon, J. Qian, H. Liu, and C. Guo. Tiresias: A GPU cluster manager for distributed deep learning. In 16th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 19), pages 485--500, Boston, MA, Feb. 2019. USENIX Association."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11390-021-1083-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MM.2017.39"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3503222.3507762"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","first-page":"709","volume-title":"2019 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC 19)","author":"Hille M.","year":"2019","unstructured":"M. Hille , N. Asmussen , P. Bhatotia , and H. H\u00e4rtig . SemperOS: A distributed capability system . In 2019 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC 19) , pages 709 -- 722 , Renton, WA , July 2019 . USENIX Association. M. Hille, N. Asmussen, P. Bhatotia, and H. H\u00e4rtig. SemperOS: A distributed capability system. In 2019 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC 19), pages 709--722, Renton, WA, July 2019. USENIX Association."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3409963.3410487"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","first-page":"171","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 9th ACM Conference on Security & Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks, WiSec '16","author":"Ibrahim A.","unstructured":"A. Ibrahim , A.-R. Sadeghi , G. Tsudik , and S. Zeitouni . DARPA: Device Attestation Resilient to Physical Attacks . In Proceedings of the 9th ACM Conference on Security & Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks, WiSec '16 , pages 171 -- 182 . Association for Computing Machinery. A. Ibrahim, A.-R. Sadeghi, G. Tsudik, and S. Zeitouni. DARPA: Device Attestation Resilient to Physical Attacks. In Proceedings of the 9th ACM Conference on Security & Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks, WiSec '16, pages 171--182. Association for Computing Machinery."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Intel infrastructure processing unit (ipu) and smartnics. https:\/\/www.intel.de\/content\/www\/de\/de\/products\/network-io\/smartnic.html","year":"2022","unstructured":"Intel. Intel infrastructure processing unit (ipu) and smartnics. https:\/\/www.intel.de\/content\/www\/de\/de\/products\/network-io\/smartnic.html , 2022 . Intel. Intel infrastructure processing unit (ipu) and smartnics. https:\/\/www.intel.de\/content\/www\/de\/de\/products\/network-io\/smartnic.html, 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3297858.3304021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TrustCom\/BigDataSE.2019.00014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3466752.3480109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","first-page":"690","volume-title":"Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","author":"Katrinis K.","year":"2016","unstructured":"K. Katrinis , D. Syrivelis , D. Pnevmatikatos , G. Zervas , D. Theodoropoulos , I. Koutsopoulos , K. Hasharoni , D. Raho , C. Pinto , F. Espina , S. Lopez-Buedo , Q. Chen , M. Nemirovsky , D. Roca , H. Klos , and T. Berends . Rack-scale disaggregated cloud data centers: The dredbox project vision. In 2016 Design , Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE) , pages 690 -- 695 , 2016 . K. Katrinis, D. Syrivelis, D. Pnevmatikatos, G. Zervas, D. Theodoropoulos, I. Koutsopoulos, K. Hasharoni, D. Raho, C. Pinto, F. Espina, S. Lopez-Buedo, Q. Chen, M. Nemirovsky, D. Roca, H. Klos, and T. Berends. Rack-scale disaggregated cloud data centers: The dredbox project vision. In 2016 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), pages 690--695, 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2009.87"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1743546.1743574"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2901318.2901337"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","first-page":"75","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Security and Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks, WiSec '17","author":"Kohnh\u00e4user F.","unstructured":"F. Kohnh\u00e4user , N. B\u00fcscher , S. Gabmeyer , and S. Katzenbeisser . SCAPI: A scalable attestation protocol to detect software and physical attacks . In Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Security and Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks, WiSec '17 , pages 75 -- 86 . Association for Computing Machinery. F. Kohnh\u00e4user, N. B\u00fcscher, S. Gabmeyer, and S. Katzenbeisser. SCAPI: A scalable attestation protocol to detect software and physical attacks. In Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Security and Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks, WiSec '17, pages 75--86. Association for Computing Machinery."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","first-page":"329","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 on Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security, ASIACCS '18","author":"Kohnh\u00e4user F.","unstructured":"F. Kohnh\u00e4user , N. B\u00fcscher , and S. Katzenbeisser . SALAD: Secure and Lightweight Attestation of Highly Dynamic and Disruptive Networks . In Proceedings of the 2018 on Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security, ASIACCS '18 , pages 329 -- 342 . Association for Computing Machinery. F. Kohnh\u00e4user, N. B\u00fcscher, and S. Katzenbeisser. SALAD: Secure and Lightweight Attestation of Highly Dynamic and Disruptive Networks. In Proceedings of the 2018 on Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security, ASIACCS '18, pages 329--342. Association for Computing Machinery."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","first-page":"991","volume-title":"14th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 20)","author":"Korolija D.","year":"2020","unstructured":"D. Korolija , T. Roscoe , and G. Alonso . Do OS abstractions make sense on FPGAs? In 14th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 20) , pages 991 -- 1010 . USENIX Association , Nov. 2020 . D. Korolija, T. Roscoe, and G. Alonso. Do OS abstractions make sense on FPGAs? In 14th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 20), pages 991--1010. USENIX Association, Nov. 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Deep learning on fpgas: Past, present, and future","author":"Lacey G.","year":"2016","unstructured":"G. Lacey , G. W. Taylor , and S. Areibi . Deep learning on fpgas: Past, present, and future , 2016 . G. Lacey, G. W. Taylor, and S. Areibi. Deep learning on fpgas: Past, present, and future, 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/138873.138874"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3342195.3387532"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3477132.3483561"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1555754.1555789"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","volume-title":"The opentitan project. https:\/\/opentitan.org","author":"RISC","year":"2022","unstructured":"low RISC contributors. The opentitan project. https:\/\/opentitan.org , 2022 . lowRISC contributors. The opentitan project. https:\/\/opentitan.org, 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3190508.3190537"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSEC.2019.2935666"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","first-page":"69","volume-title":"13th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 18)","author":"Shan Y.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Y. Shan , Y. Huang , Y. Chen , and Y. Zhang . LegoOS: A disseminated, distributed OS for hardware resource disaggregation . In 13th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 18) , pages 69 -- 87 , Carlsbad, CA , Oct. 2018 . USENIX Association. Y. Shan, Y. Huang, Y. Chen, and Y. Zhang. LegoOS: A disseminated, distributed OS for hardware resource disaggregation. In 13th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 18), pages 69--87, Carlsbad, CA, Oct. 2018. USENIX Association."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2897845.2897885"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3492321.3519569"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","first-page":"681","volume-title":"13th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 18)","author":"Volos S.","year":"2018","unstructured":"S. Volos , K. Vaswani , and R. Bruno . Graviton: Trusted execution environments on GPUs . In 13th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 18) , pages 681 -- 696 , Carlsbad, CA , Oct. 2018 . USENIX Association. S. Volos, K. Vaswani, and R. Bruno. Graviton: Trusted execution environments on GPUs. In 13th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 18), pages 681--696, Carlsbad, CA, Oct. 2018. USENIX Association."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","volume-title":"Benchmarking tpu, gpu, and cpu platforms for deep learning","author":"Wang Y. E.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Y. E. Wang , G.-Y. Wei , and D. Brooks . Benchmarking tpu, gpu, and cpu platforms for deep learning , 2019 . Y. E. Wang, G.-Y. Wei, and D. Brooks. Benchmarking tpu, gpu, and cpu platforms for deep learning, 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2093548.2093572"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DAC18074.2021.9586207"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","volume-title":"https:\/\/www.xilinx.com\/products\/boards-and-kits\/alveo\/sn1000.html","author":"Xilinx A.","year":"2022","unstructured":"A. Xilinx . Alveo sn1000 smartnic accelerator card. https:\/\/www.xilinx.com\/products\/boards-and-kits\/alveo\/sn1000.html , 2022 . A. Xilinx. Alveo sn1000 smartnic accelerator card. https:\/\/www.xilinx.com\/products\/boards-and-kits\/alveo\/sn1000.html, 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2015.45"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_57_1","volume-title":"ShEF: Shielded Enclaves for Cloud FPGAs, page 1070--1085","author":"Zhao M.","year":"2022","unstructured":"M. Zhao , M. Gao , and C. Kozyrakis . ShEF: Shielded Enclaves for Cloud FPGAs, page 1070--1085 . Association for Computing Machinery , New York, NY, USA , 2022 . M. Zhao, M. Gao, and C. Kozyrakis. ShEF: Shielded Enclaves for Cloud FPGAs, page 1070--1085. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISVLSI.2017.127"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3319535.3363205"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP40000.2020.00054"}],"event":{"name":"APSys '23: 14th ACM SIGOPS Asia-Pacific Workshop on Systems","location":"Seoul Republic of Korea","acronym":"APSys '23","sponsor":["SIGOPS ACM Special Interest Group on Operating Systems"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 14th ACM SIGOPS Asia-Pacific Workshop on Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3609510.3609812","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3609510.3609812","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T16:46:25Z","timestamp":1750178785000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3609510.3609812"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]]},"references-count":60,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3609510.3609812","10.1145\/3609510"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3609510.3609812","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}