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Innovation in new capabilities and technologies often require inter-organizational collaboration. In this context, public sector organizations do not operate in isolation\u2014often engaging in interactions within their service sectors. While the contemporary literature on organizational ambidexterity primarily focuses on the balancing opportunities of a focal organization, radical sector-level development requires collaboration among various actors to achieve collective ambidexterity. Drawing on the research question of the influence of inter-organizational collaboration on the outcomes of digital initiatives, this exploratory case study on the Finnish water sector found that simultaneously operating modes of inter-organizational collaboration can facilitate different aspects of collective ambidexterity in an inter-organizational field and, consequently, the expected benefits from initiatives. Our theoretical contribution lies in demonstrating collaboration modes that can enhance specific aspects of collective ambidexterity. Accordingly, we suggest that collective ambidexterity through deliberately adopted modes of inter-organizational collaboration requires field-level facilitation in parallel with organizational ambidexterity. Furthermore, consequent practical implications for managing such collaborations are suggested for policymakers, interest groups, and the public sector.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3609802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T12:07:50Z","timestamp":1689768470000},"page":"1-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Toward Collective Ambidexterity in Public Sector Digital Initiatives: A Case of the Finnish Water Sector"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5748-4104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heidi","family":"Hietala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"M3S, University of Oulu, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7477-0783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tero","family":"P\u00e4iv\u00e4rinta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M3S, University of Oulu, Finland and Information Systems, Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2615-9576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elina","family":"Annanper\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M3S, University of Oulu, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6013-3508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pirkko","family":"Taskinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIF, University of Oulu, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0719-4712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kari","family":"Liukkunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M3S, University of Oulu, Finland"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34190\/ejeg.17.2.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/AMR.2003.9416096"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b06481"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0008125617745086"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","unstructured":"Technol. 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