{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]],"date-time":"2026-07-05T22:21:46Z","timestamp":1783290106420,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"CSCW2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Peer production systems have frictions-mechanisms that make contributing more effortful-to prevent vandalism and protect information quality. Page protection on Wikipedia is a mechanism where the platform's core values conflict, but there is little quantitative work to ground deliberation. In this paper, we empirically explore the consequences of page protection on Internet Culture articles on Wikipedia (6,264 articles, 108 edit-protected). We first qualitatively analyzed 150 requests for page protection, finding that page protection is motivated by an article's (1) activity, (2) topic area, and (3) visibility. These findings informed a matching approach to compare protected pages and similar unprotected articles. We quantitatively evaluate the differences between protected and unprotected pages across two dimensions: editor engagement and contributor concentration. Protected articles show different trends in editor engagement and equity amongst contributors, affecting the overall disparity in the population. We discuss the role of friction in online platforms, new ways to measure it, and future work.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3610198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T15:54:10Z","timestamp":1696434850000},"page":"1-33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Peer Produced Friction: How Page Protection on Wikipedia Affects Editor Engagement and Concentration"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2468-6070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leah","family":"Ajmani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8493-7161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Vincent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0620-0903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stevie","family":"Chancellor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"2017. Facebook is ditching its own solution to fake news because it didn't work. https:\/\/qz.com\/1162973\/to-fight-fake-news-facebook-is-replacing-flagging-posts-as-disputed-with-related-articles\/. Accessed: 2022--8--25."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19393555.2018.1448492"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"An introduction to propensity score methods for reducing the effects of confounding in observational studies. Multivariate behavioral research 46, 3","author":"Austin Peter C","year":"2011","unstructured":"Peter C Austin. 2011. An introduction to propensity score methods for reducing the effects of confounding in observational studies. Multivariate behavioral research 46, 3 (2011), 399--424."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3026057"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Raveena Rao, Kai Lukoff, Anastasia Schaadhardt, Lisa D Butler, and Alexis Hiniker.","author":"Baughan Amanda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Amanda Baughan, Mingrui Ray Zhang, Raveena Rao, Kai Lukoff, Anastasia Schaadhardt, Lisa D Butler, and Alexis Hiniker. 2022. ?I Don't Even Remember What I Read\": How Design Influences Dissociation on Social Media."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giab095"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Handbook of Collective Intelligence","unstructured":"Benkler, Shaw, and Hill. 2015. Peer production: A form of collective intelligence. In Handbook of Collective Intelligence, Thomas Malone and Michael Bernstein (Eds.). MIT Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Coase's penguin, or, linux and\" the nature of the firm\". Yale law journal","author":"Benkler Yochai","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yochai Benkler. 2002. Coase's penguin, or, linux and\" the nature of the firm\". Yale law journal (2002), 369--446."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9760.2006.00235.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3311957.3359485"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K D Bird. 2004. Analysis of Variance via Confidence Intervals. SAGE.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781849208598"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1367497.1367673"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1099203.1099205"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1357054.1357227"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173696"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2818048.2819963"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3490499"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3134666"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v9i1.14583"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2675133.2675181"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Thematic analysis. Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods 222","author":"Clarke Victoria","year":"2015","unstructured":"Victoria Clarke, Virginia Braun, and Nikki Hayfield. 2015. Thematic analysis. Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods 222, 2015 (2015), 248."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2851581.2892410"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858207"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1357054.1357219"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Digital Juries: A Civics-Oriented Approach to Platform Governance.","author":"Fan Jenny","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jenny Fan and Amy X Zhang. 2020. Digital Juries: A Civics-Oriented Approach to Platform Governance."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858409"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306312717692172"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"Vijaya Gadde and Kayvon Beykpour. 2020. Additional steps we're taking ahead of the 2020 US Election. https:\/\/blog.twitter.com\/en_us\/topics\/company\/2020\/2020-election-changes."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2491055.2491061"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1718918.1718941"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3392822"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"A Special Interest Group on Designed and Engineered Friction in Interaction. Extended Abstracts of","author":"Gould S J J","year":"2021","unstructured":"S J J Gould, L L Chuang, I Iacovides, and others. 2021. A Special Interest Group on Designed and Engineered Friction in Interaction. Extended Abstracts of (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3174108"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"The virtues of moderation. (May","author":"Grimmelmann James","year":"2017","unstructured":"James Grimmelmann. 2017. The virtues of moderation. (May 2017)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2466472"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2466472"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","volume-title":"Muhammad Fareed Zaffar, and Rishab Nithyanand.","author":"Habib Hussam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hussam Habib, Maaz Bin Musa, Muhammad Fareed Zaffar, and Rishab Nithyanand. 2022. Are Proactive Interventions for Reddit Communities Feasible? ICWSM 16 (May 2022), 264--274."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3415219"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764212469365"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2038558.2038585"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"Wikipedia votes to ban some editors","author":"Hern Alex","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alex Hern. 2015. Wikipedia votes to ban some editors from gender-related articles. The Guardian (Jan. 2015)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2788993.2789846"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"The Hidden Costs of Requiring Accounts","volume":"48","author":"Hill Benjamin Mako","year":"2021","unstructured":"Benjamin Mako Hill and Aaron Shaw. 2021. The Hidden Costs of Requiring Accounts: Quasi-Experimental Evidence From Peer Production. Communic. Res. 48, 6 (Aug. 2021), 771--795.","journal-title":"Quasi-Experimental Evidence From Peer Production. Communic. Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3555156"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pan\/mpr013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3449092"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3479525"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","volume-title":"Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 3, CSCW (Nov.","author":"Jhaver Shagun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shagun Jhaver, Amy Bruckman, and Eric Gilbert. 2019. Does Transparency in Moderation Really Matter? User Behavior After Content Removal Explanations on Reddit. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 3, CSCW (Nov. 2019), 1--27."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2527031.2527051"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v11i1.14899"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2491055.2491062"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing (Vancouver BC Canada). ACM","author":"Keegan Brian C","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brian C Keegan and Jed R Brubaker. 2015. 'is' to 'was'. In Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing (Vancouver BC Canada). ACM, New York, NY, USA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","volume-title":"A Quantitative Portrait of Wikipedia's High-Tempo Collaborations during the 2020 Coronavirus Pandemic. (June","author":"Keegan Brian C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brian C Keegan and Chenhao Tan. 2020. A Quantitative Portrait of Wikipedia's High-Tempo Collaborations during the 2020 Coronavirus Pandemic. (June 2020). arXiv:2006.08899 [cs.SI]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v11i1.14900"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Quasi-Experimental Designs for Causal","volume":"51","author":"Kim Yongnam","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yongnam Kim and Peter Steiner. 2016. Quasi-Experimental Designs for Causal Inference. Educ. Psychol. 51, 3--4 (Sept. 2016), 395--405.","journal-title":"Inference. Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","unstructured":"Kittur Chi Pendleton Suh and Mytkowicz. 2007. Power of the few vs. wisdom of the crowd: Wikipedia and the rise of the bourgeoisie. World Wide Web J. Biol. (2007)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","volume-title":"Designing friction for a better user experience. Smashing Magazine","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kollin. 2018. Designing friction for a better user experience. Smashing Magazine (2018)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2783258.2783367"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2038558.2038560"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01449290500196963"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","volume-title":"The Wiki way: quick collaboration on the Web","author":"Leuf Bo","unstructured":"Bo Leuf and Ward Cunningham. 2001. The Wiki way: quick collaboration on the Web. Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc., USA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H Li B Hecht and S Chancellor. 2022. All That's Happening behind the Scenes: Putting the Spotlight on Volunteer Moderator Labor in Reddit. of the International AAAI Conference on . . . (2022).","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v16i1.19317"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/0033-0124.00089"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","volume-title":"Uneven Coverage of Natural Disasters in Wikipedia: the Case of Flood. (Jan","author":"Lorini Valerio","year":"2020","unstructured":"Valerio Lorini, Javier Rando, Diego Saez-Trumper, and Carlos Castillo. 2020. Uneven Coverage of Natural Disasters in Wikipedia: the Case of Flood. (Jan. 2020). arXiv:2001.08810 [cs.IR]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2013.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444815608807"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359308"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3476074"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300702"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0162243920924783"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","unstructured":"David Meyer. 2021. Facebook whistleblower Frances Haugen tells lawmakers the only way to fix the company is to partially destroy its business model. https:\/\/fortune.com\/2021\/10\/25\/facebook-business-model-selective-friction-frances-haugen-whistleblower-uk-parliament\/. Accessed: 2022--8--30."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3412569.3412866"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3233391.3233544"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359203"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","volume-title":"The Design of Everyday Things: Revised and Expanded Edition","author":"Norman Don","unstructured":"Don Norman. 2013. The Design of Everyday Things: Revised and Expanded Edition. Basic Books."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2008.333"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1531674.1531682"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1531674.1531682"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2119086119"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_80_1","unstructured":"Eric Raymond. 1999. S. The cathedral and the bazaar: musings on Linux and Open Source by an accidental revolutionary."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3308558.3313618"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_82_1","volume-title":"Wikipedia: a self-organizing bureaucracy. Inf. Commun. Soc. (Oct","author":"Rijshouwer Emiel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Emiel Rijshouwer, Justus Uitermark, and Willem de Koster. 2021. Wikipedia: a self-organizing bureaucracy. Inf. Commun. Soc. (Oct. 2021), 1--18."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_83_1","volume-title":"Wikipedia denies 'purging' feminist editors","author":"Robertson Adi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Adi Robertson. 2015. Wikipedia denies 'purging' feminist editors over Gamergate debate. https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2015\/1\/28\/7927425\/wikipedia-bans-gamergate-editors-violating-policies. Accessed: 2022--12--6."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_84_1","volume-title":"Online Disinformation and the Role of Wikipedia. (Oct","author":"Saez-Trumper Diego","year":"2019","unstructured":"Diego Saez-Trumper. 2019. Online Disinformation and the Role of Wikipedia. (Oct. 2019). arXiv:1910.12596 [cs.CY]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_85_1","volume-title":"Proc. ACM Hum. Comput. Interact.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Seering. 2020. Reconsidering community self-moderation: the role of research in supporting community-based models for online content moderation. Proc. ACM Hum. Comput. Interact. (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3415178"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444820964968"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcom.12082"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_89_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Changing the Change","author":"Fuad-Luke Strauss","year":"2008","unstructured":"Strauss and Fuad-Luke. 2008. The slow design principles. Proceedings of the Changing the Change (2008)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/09-STS313"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2983323.2983914"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173929"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.23687"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_94_1","volume-title":"Measuring income inequality. IZA World Labor","author":"Ija Trapeznikova and Royal Holloway University of London, UK. 2019.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ija Trapeznikova and Royal Holloway University of London, UK. 2019. Measuring income inequality. IZA World Labor (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_95_1","volume-title":"Make Reddit Great Again: Assessing Community Effects of Moderation Interventions on r\/The_Donald. (Jan","author":"Trujillo Amaury","year":"2022","unstructured":"Amaury Trujillo and Stefano Cresci. 2022. Make Reddit Great Again: Assessing Community Effects of Moderation Interventions on r\/The_Donald. (Jan. 2022). arXiv:2201.06455 [cs.SI]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171774"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3476059"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_98_1","volume-title":"Online Communities and Social Computing","author":"Vi\u00e9gas Fernanda B","unstructured":"Fernanda B Vi\u00e9gas, Martin Wattenberg, and Matthew M McKeon. 2007. The Hidden Order of Wikipedia. In Online Communities and Social Computing. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 445--454."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3449078"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_100_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computational Linguistics","author":"Wang William Yang","year":"2010","unstructured":"William Yang Wang and Kathleen R McKeown. 2010. ?Got you!\": automatic vandalism detection in Wikipedia with web-based shallow syntactic-semantic modeling. In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Beijing, China) (COLING '10). Association for Computational Linguistics, USA, 1146--1154."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_101_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Improving the Quality of Consumer Health Information on Wikipedia","volume":"21","author":"Weiner Shira Schecter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shira Schecter Weiner, Jill Horbacewicz, Lane Rasberry, and Yocheved Bensinger-Brody. 2019. Improving the Quality of Consumer Health Information on Wikipedia: Case Series. J. Med. Internet Res. 21, 3 (March 2019), e12450.","journal-title":"Case Series. J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_102_1","volume-title":"Designing calm technology. PowerGrid Journal","author":"Brown Weiser","year":"1995","unstructured":"Weiser and Brown. 1995. Designing calm technology. PowerGrid Journal (1995)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_103_1","unstructured":"Wikimedia Foundation. 2019. API:REST API\/Reference - MediaWiki. https:\/\/www.mediawiki.org\/wiki\/API:REST_API\/Reference. Accessed: 2022--9--12."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_104_1","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors. 2003. Wikipedia:Edit warring. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Edit_warring&oldid=1121114701. Accessed: NA-NA-NA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_105_1","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors. 2003. Wikipedia:Protection policy. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Protection_policy. Accessed: 2022-NA-NA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_106_1","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors. 2004. Category:Internet culture. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Category:Internet_culture&oldid=1096814859. Accessed: 2022-NA-NA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_107_1","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors. 2004. Wikipedia:Dispute resolution. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Dispute_resolution&oldid=1125599763. Accessed: NA-NA-NA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_108_1","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors. 2005. Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons&oldid=1125912067. Accessed: NA-NA-NA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_109_1","unstructured":"Wikipedia Contributors. 2006. List of Wikipedias by edits per article. https:\/\/meta.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Wikipedias_by_edits_per_article. Accessed: 2022--12--12."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_110_1","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors. 2006. Wikipedia:Disruptive editing. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Disruptive_editing&oldid=1125728690. Accessed: NA-NA-NA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_111_1","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors. 2007. User:ClueBot NG. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=User:ClueBot_NG&oldid=391868393. Accessed: NA-NA-NA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_112_1","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors. 2009. Help:Range blocks. https:\/\/simple.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Help:Range_blocks&oldid=6724630. Accessed: NA-NA-NA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_113_1","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors. 2010. Wikipedia:Wikipedia is anonymous. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Wikipedia_is_anonymous&oldid=1088618418. Accessed: NA-NA-NA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_114_1","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors. 2012. Wikipedia:Requests for page protection\/Archive. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Requests_for_page_protection\/Archive&oldid=1113712164. Accessed: NA-NA-NA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_115_1","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors. 2012. Wikipedia:Requests for page protection\/Increase\/Form. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Requests_for_page_protection\/Increase\/Form&oldid=1044821024. Accessed: NA-NA-NA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_116_1","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors. 2022. Wiki. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Wiki&oldid=1109121394. Accessed: NA-NA-NA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_117_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Assessing the Contribution of Subject-matter Experts to","volume":"3","author":"Yarovoy Alex","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alex Yarovoy, Yiftach Nagar, Einat Minkov, and Ofer Arazy. 2020. Assessing the Contribution of Subject-matter Experts to Wikipedia. Trans. Soc. Comput. 3, 4 (Oct. 2020), 1--36.","journal-title":"Wikipedia. Trans. Soc. Comput."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2788993.2789845"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_119_1","article-title":"Balance diagnostics after propensity score matching","volume":"7","author":"Zhang Zhongheng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhongheng Zhang, Hwa Jung Kim, Guillaume Lonjon, Yibing Zhu, et al. 2019. Balance diagnostics after propensity score matching. Annals of translational medicine 7, 1 (2019).","journal-title":"Annals of translational medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_120_1","volume-title":"ICIS 2019 Proceedings","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zheng, Mai, Gordon, and Nickerson. 2019. Bursty coordination in online communities. ICIS 2019 Proceedings (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2481311"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3610198","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3610198","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T04:18:36Z","timestamp":1755749916000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3610198"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]},"references-count":121,"journal-issue":{"issue":"CSCW2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3610198"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3610198","relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-0142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-0142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-10-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}