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Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Spectating digital games can be exciting. However, due to its vicarious nature, spectators often wish to engage in the gameplay beyond just watching and cheering. To blur the boundaries between spectators and players, we propose a novel approach called \"Fused Spectatorship\", where spectators watch their hands play games by loaning bodily control to a computational Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS) system. To showcase this concept, we designed three games where spectators loan control over both their hands to the EMS system and watch them play these competitive and collaborative games. A study with 12 participants suggested that participants could not distinguish if they were watching their hands play, or if they were playing the games themselves. We used our results to articulate four spectator experience themes and four fused spectator types, the behaviours they elicited and offer one design consideration to support each of these behaviours. We also discuss the ethical design considerations of our approach to help game designers create future fused spectatorship experiences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3611049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T15:28:28Z","timestamp":1696433308000},"page":"769-802","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Fused Spectatorship: Designing Bodily Experiences Where Spectators Become Players"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2501-9969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rakesh","family":"Patibanda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University, Melbourne, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2844-3343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aryan","family":"Saini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University, Melbourne, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2022-5480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalie","family":"Overdevest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University, Clayton, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8587-2358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria F.","family":"Montoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University, Melbourne, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5529-071X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9538-5369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuzheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5066-6885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shreyas","family":"Nisal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University, Melbourne, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5882-3139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josh","family":"Andres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian National University, Canberra, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8844-8576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jarrod","family":"Knibbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0888-1426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elise","family":"van den Hoven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia \/ Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6472-3476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian \u2018Floyd\u2019","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University, Melbourne, Australia"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"2022. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Wuxing_(Chinese_philosophy)&oldid=1107074912 Page Version ID: 1107074912 2022. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Wuxing_(Chinese_philosophy)&oldid=1107074912 Page Version ID: 1107074912"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"2022. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Godai_(Japanese_philosophy)&oldid=1094331559 Page Version ID: 1094331559 2022. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Godai_(Japanese_philosophy)&oldid=1094331559 Page Version ID: 1094331559"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"2022. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Blackjack&oldid=1106791426 Page Version ID: 1106791426 2022. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Blackjack&oldid=1106791426 Page Version ID: 1106791426"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"2022. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Mahjong&oldid=1106967385 Page Version ID: 1106967385 2022. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Mahjong&oldid=1106967385 Page Version ID: 1106967385"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3242671.3242688"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000362"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22554\/ijtel.v4i1.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Hearts, clubs, diamonds, spades: Players who suit MUDs","volume":"1","author":"Bartle Richard","year":"1996","unstructured":"Richard Bartle . 1996 . 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