{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T02:17:17Z","timestamp":1777429037325,"version":"3.51.4"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":73,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]],"date-time":"2024-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3641890","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]],"date-time":"2024-05-11T08:37:41Z","timestamp":1715416661000},"page":"1-18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Products of Positionality: How Tech Workers Shape Identity Concepts in Computer Vision"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6049-3965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morgan Klaus","family":"Scheuerman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Science, University of Colorado Boulder, United States"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4826-8324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jed R.","family":"Brubaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Science, University of Colorado Boulder, United States"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1_1","unstructured":"2022. EEOC to Add Non-Binary Gender Option to Discrimination Charge Intake Process. https:\/\/www.eeoc.gov\/newsroom\/eeoc-add-non-binary-gender-option-discrimination-charge-intake-process."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2_1","first-page":"187","article-title":"Facebook or Face Bank","volume":"32","author":"Aguado Carmen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Carmen Aguado. 2011. Facebook or Face Bank. Loyola of Los Angeles Entertainment Law Review 32, 2 (2011), 187\u2013228.","journal-title":"Loyola of Los Angeles Entertainment Law Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1958824.1958836"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JICES-05-2018-0050"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_5_1","volume-title":"Showing Limits of Algorithms. Wall Street Journal","author":"Barr Alistair","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alistair Barr. 2015. Google Mistakenly Tags Black People as \u2018Gorillas,\u2019 Showing Limits of Algorithms. Wall Street Journal (2015)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445498"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV48630.2021.00158"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3579461"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_9_1","volume-title":"Gender Shades: Intersectional Accuracy Disparities in Commercial Gender Classification *. Technical Report. 1\u201315 pages.","author":"Buolamwini Joy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Joy Buolamwini and Timnit Gebru. 2018. Gender Shades: Intersectional Accuracy Disparities in Commercial Gender Classification *. Technical Report. 1\u201315 pages."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3501998"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3174225"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Patricia\u00a0Hill Collins. 1990. Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge Consciousness and the Politics of Empowerment. Vol.\u00a021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2074808","DOI":"10.2307\/2074808"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_13_1","volume-title":"Situated Standpoints, and Black Feminist Thought. In Fighting Words Black Women and the Search for Justice","author":"Collins Patricia\u00a0Hill","unstructured":"Patricia\u00a0Hill Collins. 1998. Some Group Matters: Intersectionality, Situated Standpoints, and Black Feminist Thought. In Fighting Words Black Women and the Search for Justice. University of Minnesota Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_14_1","unstructured":"Kate Crawford and Jason Schultz. 2019. AI Systems as State Actors. https:\/\/columbialawreview.org\/content\/ai-systems-as-state-actors\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1229039"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sofia\u00a0Marques da Silva and Joan\u00a0Parker Webster. 2018. Positionality and Standpoint. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781118933732.ch22 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781118933732.ch22.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118933732.ch22"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/947469.947520"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00449"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_19_1","volume-title":"A Dataset Is a Worldview. Medium","author":"Davis Hannah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hannah Davis. 2020. A Dataset Is a Worldview. Medium (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20539517211035955"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_21_1","volume-title":"Asegi Stories: Cherokee Queer and Two-Spirit Memory.","author":"Driskill Qwo-Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Qwo-Li Driskill. 2016. Asegi Stories: Cherokee Queer and Two-Spirit Memory."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IPM.2021.102541"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/242485.242493"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3364183.3364201"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_25_1","volume-title":"Ghost Work: How to Stop Silicon Valley from Building a New Global Underclass. Vol.\u00a053. arxiv:1011.1669v3","author":"Gray L","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mary\u00a0L Gray and Suri Siddharth. 2019. Ghost Work: How to Stop Silicon Valley from Building a New Global Underclass. Vol.\u00a053. arxiv:1011.1669v3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3461702.3462620"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3351095.3372826"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_29_1","unstructured":"Amy Hawkins. 2017. KFC China Is Using Facial Recognition Tech to Serve Customers - but Are They Buying It?"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3240167.3240187"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kenneth Holstein Hal Daum\u00e9\u00a0III Miroslav Dud\u00edk Hanna Wallach and Jennifer Wortman\u00a0Vaughan. 2019. Improving Fairness in Machine Learning Systems: What Do Industry Practitioners Need?Technical Report. ACM. 16 pages. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3290605.3300830 arxiv:1812.05239v1","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300830"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3311957.3358610"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3274357"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1147\/sj.454.0759"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_35_1","unstructured":"Kiely Kuligowski. 2019. Facial Recognition Advertising Targets Customers."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1518701.1518875"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3461702.3462531"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3443686"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/331490.331491"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-010-9198-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/arts8010026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3533406.3533413"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/SOR.2019.0022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arxiv.2205.11963"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3415186"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_46_1","unstructured":"T Moses J. &\u00a0Knutsen. 2019. Ways of Knowing: Competing Methodologies in Social and Political Research."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300356"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_48_1","unstructured":"PBS. 2015. A Map of Gender-Diverse Cultures. http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/independentlens\/content\/two-spirits_map-html\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3449081"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_50_1","volume-title":"Report: U.S., China in Artificial Intelligence Arms Race. National Defense Magazine","author":"Roaten Meredith","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meredith Roaten. 2022. Report: U.S., China in Artificial Intelligence Arms Race. National Defense Magazine (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1527-2001.2009.01070.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_52_1","volume-title":"The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers Instruction","author":"Saldana Johnny","year":"2013","unstructured":"Johnny Saldana. 2013. The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers Instruction. Sage (2013), 299."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3476058"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20539517211053712"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359246"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3392866"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_58_1","volume-title":"Interviewing as Qualitative Research: A Guide for Researchers in Education and the Social Sciences","author":"Seidman Irving","unstructured":"Irving Seidman. 1998. Interviewing as Qualitative Research: A Guide for Researchers in Education and the Social Sciences. Teachers College Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_59_1","volume-title":"1\u20137","author":"Singer A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Phoenix\u00a0A Singer. 2020. Colonialism, Two-Spirit Identity, and the Logics of White Supremacy. (2020), 1\u20137."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patter.2021.100425"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pra2.275"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSPEC.2019.8678513"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-2094-4_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3205035"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_65_1","volume-title":"Stereotypes and Smut: The (Mis)Representation of Non-cisgender Identities by Text-to-Image Models. (May","author":"Ungless L.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Eddie\u00a0L. Ungless, Bj\u00f6rn Ross, and Anne Lauscher. 2023. Stereotypes and Smut: The (Mis)Representation of Non-cisgender Identities by Text-to-Image Models. (May 2023). arxiv:2305.17072"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_66_1","volume-title":"How the Police Use Facial Recognition, and Where It Falls Short. The New York Times","author":"Valentino-DeVries Jennifer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jennifer Valentino-DeVries. 2020. How the Police Use Facial Recognition, and Where It Falls Short. The New York Times (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/978-1-137-51053-2_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3502121"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1677908"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_71_1","volume-title":"Microsoft and Google Are about to Open an AI Battle. The Verge","author":"Warren Tom","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tom Warren. 2023. Microsoft and Google Are about to Open an AI Battle. The Verge (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18146\/tmg21368"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2073874"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3543873.3587321"}],"event":{"name":"CHI '24: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","location":"Honolulu HI USA","acronym":"CHI '24","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction","SIGACCESS ACM Special Interest Group on Accessible Computing"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3613904.3641890","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3613904.3641890","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T23:57:27Z","timestamp":1750291047000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3613904.3641890"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]]},"references-count":73,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3613904.3641890","10.1145\/3613904"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3613904.3641890","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}