{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T21:31:25Z","timestamp":1776115885286,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":80,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]],"date-time":"2024-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642317","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]],"date-time":"2024-05-11T08:37:41Z","timestamp":1715416661000},"page":"1-19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["InteractOut: Leveraging Interaction Proxies as Input Manipulation Strategies for Reducing Smartphone Overuse"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3078-5975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4130-6599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongxiao","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3565-2717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5930-3899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuhai \u201cOrson\u201d","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States and Information School, University of Washington, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4447-7818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anhong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1_1","unstructured":"2023. AccessibilityService. https:\/\/developer.android.com\/reference\/android\/accessibilityservice\/AccessibilityService"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2_1","unstructured":"2023. Manage how you spend time on your Android phone with Digital Wellbeing - Android Help. https:\/\/support.google.com\/android\/answer\/9346420?hl=en"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_3_1","unstructured":"2023. MotionEvent. https:\/\/developer.android.com\/reference\/android\/view\/MotionEvent"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_4_1","unstructured":"2023. Notifications Overview. https:\/\/developer.android.com\/develop\/ui\/views\/notifications"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_5_1","unstructured":"2023. Set up Screen Time for yourself on iPhone. https:\/\/support.apple.com\/guide\/iphone\/set-up-screen-time-for-yourself-iphbfa595995\/ios"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/31730"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_7_1","first-page":"569","article-title":"Overcoming intuition: metacognitive difficulty activates analytic reasoning.Journal of experimental psychology","volume":"136","author":"Alter L","year":"2007","unstructured":"Adam\u00a0L Alter, Daniel\u00a0M Oppenheimer, Nicholas Epley, and Rebecca\u00a0N Eyre. 2007. Overcoming intuition: metacognitive difficulty activates analytic reasoning.Journal of experimental psychology: General 136, 4 (2007), 569.","journal-title":"General"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17450128.2019.1614709"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_9_1","unstructured":"Forest APP. 2023. Stay focused be present. https:\/\/www.forestapp.cc\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_10_1","unstructured":"Apple. 2023. Shortcuts. https:\/\/support.apple.com\/guide\/shortcuts\/welcome\/ios"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_11_1","unstructured":"Aswin Mohan. 2023. LessPhone. https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=me.aswinmohan.nophone"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_12_1","volume-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on digital device-related ocular health. Indian journal of ophthalmology 68, 11","author":"Bahkir Fayiqa\u00a0Ahamed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fayiqa\u00a0Ahamed Bahkir and Srinivasan\u00a0Subramanian Grandee. 2020. Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on digital device-related ocular health. Indian journal of ophthalmology 68, 11 (2020), 2378."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2371574.2371582"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1978942.1979000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_15_1","volume-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology 3, 2","author":"Braun Virginia","year":"2006","unstructured":"Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology 3, 2 (2006), 77\u2013101."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2014.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3479600"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2851581.2892415"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691612460685"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19116692"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_21_1","unstructured":"Google. 2023. Firebase. https:\/\/firebase.google.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3174108"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2014.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858403"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3090078"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6924.2009.01116.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327051hci0104_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_28_1","unstructured":"IFTTT. 2023. IFTTT. https:\/\/ifttt.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_29_1","unstructured":"iMobiApp. 2023. RealizD. https:\/\/www.realizd.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_30_1","volume-title":"Task\u00a0Load Index","author":"Tool The NASA TLX","year":"2019","unstructured":"The NASA TLX Tool: Task\u00a0Load Index. 2019. TLX @ NASA Ames - Home. https:\/\/humansystems.arc.nasa.gov\/groups\/tlx\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2010.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3130928"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3130932"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3314403"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300927"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858568"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2675133.2675244"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083558"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025483"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_40_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 1, CSCW","author":"Lim Hajin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hajin Lim, Ian Arawjo, Yaxian Xie, Negar Khojasteh, and Susan\u00a0R Fussell. 2017. Distraction or life saver? The role of technology in undergraduate students\u2019 boundary management strategies. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 1, CSCW (2017), 1\u201318."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2541831.2541870"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3191754"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300361"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-016-9830-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_46_1","volume-title":"Just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) in mobile health: key components and design principles for ongoing health behavior support. Annals of Behavioral Medicine","author":"Nahum-Shani Inbal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Inbal Nahum-Shani, Shawna\u00a0N Smith, Bonnie\u00a0J Spring, Linda\u00a0M Collins, Katie Witkiewitz, Ambuj Tewari, and Susan\u00a0A Murphy. 2018. Just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) in mobile health: key components and design principles for ongoing health behavior support. Annals of Behavioral Medicine (2018), 1\u201317."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_47_1","unstructured":"Chauncey\u00a0J Neyman. 2017. A survey of addictive software design. (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_48_1","volume-title":"Response Times: The 3 Important Limits. https:\/\/www.nngroup.com\/articles\/response-times-3-important-limits\/","author":"Nielsen Jakob","year":"1993","unstructured":"Jakob Nielsen. 1993. Response Times: The 3 Important Limits. https:\/\/www.nngroup.com\/articles\/response-times-3-important-limits\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1836216.1836228"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3229434.3229463"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3183654.3183706"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3610065"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642747"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445489"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3170427.3188613"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3098279.3098526"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2628363.2628378"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4278\/0890-1171-12.1.38"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1753326.1753458"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_60_1","unstructured":"Sensor Tower. 2023. ActionDash. https:\/\/actiondash.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2601(08)60229-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_62_1","volume-title":"Proceedings from ASBBS annual conference, Vol.\u00a018","author":"Stollak J","year":"2011","unstructured":"Matthew\u00a0J Stollak, Amy Vandenberg, Andie Burklund, and Stephanie Weiss. 2011. Getting Social: The Impact of Social Networking Usage on Grades Among College Students. In Proceedings from ASBBS annual conference, Vol.\u00a018. 859\u2013865."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_63_1","unstructured":"Storm8 Studios. 2023. Bubble Mania. https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=com.teamlava.bubble"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_64_1","volume-title":"Antifragile: Things that gain from disorder. Vol.\u00a03","author":"Taleb Nassim\u00a0Nicholas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nassim\u00a0Nicholas Taleb. 2014. Antifragile: Things that gain from disorder. Vol.\u00a03. Random House Trade Paperbacks."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_65_1","unstructured":"Sandra Tor and Simon Ekman\u00a0von Huth. 2021. The Impact of Gesture Navigation on Mobile Usage."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_66_1","unstructured":"M.\u00a0K. Umami P. Arezes and A.\u00a0M. Sampaio. 2015. Identifying finger postures when interacting with the touch screen of mobile devices."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20501579211038796"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbe2.242"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_69_1","unstructured":"Manuel Vonau. 2022. Android 13 blocks unwarranted use of accessibility services by further restricting sideloaded apps. https:\/\/www.androidpolice.com\/android-13-blocks-accessibility-services-sideloaded-apps\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18094613"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.877277"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.07.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642790"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_74_1","unstructured":"X. 2023. X. https:\/\/twitter.com"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_75_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Leveraging routine behavior and contextually-filtered features for depression detection among college students","volume":"3","author":"Xu Xuhai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xuhai Xu, Prerna Chikersal, Afsaneh Doryab, Daniella\u00a0K Villalba, Janine\u00a0M Dutcher, Michael\u00a0J Tumminia, Tim Althoff, Sheldon Cohen, Kasey\u00a0G Creswell, J\u00a0David Creswell, 2019. Leveraging routine behavior and contextually-filtered features for depression detection among college students. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 3, 3 (2019), 1\u201333.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3569485"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_77_1","volume-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, S.\u00a0Koyejo, S.\u00a0Mohamed, A.\u00a0Agarwal, D.\u00a0Belgrave, K.\u00a0Cho, and A.\u00a0Oh (Eds.). Vol.\u00a035. Curran Associates","author":"Xu Xuhai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xuhai Xu, Han Zhang, Yasaman Sefidgar, Yiyi Ren, Xin Liu, Woosuk Seo, Jennifer Brown, Kevin Kuehn, Mike Merrill, Paula Nurius, Shwetak Patel, Tim Althoff, Margaret Morris, Eve Riskin, Jennifer Mankoff, and Anind Dey. 2022. GLOBEM Dataset: Multi-Year Datasets for Longitudinal Human Behavior Modeling Generalization. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, S.\u00a0Koyejo, S.\u00a0Mohamed, A.\u00a0Agarwal, D.\u00a0Belgrave, K.\u00a0Cho, and A.\u00a0Oh (Eds.). Vol.\u00a035. Curran Associates, Inc., 24655\u201324692. https:\/\/proceedings.neurips.cc\/paper_files\/paper\/2022\/file\/9c7e8a0821dfcb58a9a83cbd37cc8131-Paper-Datasets_and_Benchmarks.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3517476"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_79_1","unstructured":"Zafty Intelligence. 2023. AntiSocial. https:\/\/antisocial.io\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025846"}],"event":{"name":"CHI '24: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","location":"Honolulu HI USA","acronym":"CHI '24","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction","SIGACCESS ACM Special Interest Group on Accessible Computing"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3613904.3642317","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3613904.3642317","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T23:44:25Z","timestamp":1750290265000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3613904.3642317"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]]},"references-count":80,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3613904.3642317","10.1145\/3613904"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3613904.3642317","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}