{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T03:56:17Z","timestamp":1781063777132,"version":"3.54.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":89,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]],"date-time":"2024-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642596","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]],"date-time":"2024-05-11T08:37:41Z","timestamp":1715416661000},"page":"1-17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Is Stack Overflow Obsolete? An Empirical Study of the Characteristics of ChatGPT Answers to Stack Overflow Questions"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2090-3800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samia","family":"Kabir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, Purdue University, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1003-607X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David N.","family":"Udo-Imeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, Purdue University, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1407-8522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bonan","family":"Kou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, Purdue University, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5468-9347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, Purdue University, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2017.31"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2_1","volume-title":"Quality estimation & interpretability for code translation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2012.07581","author":"Agarwal Mayank","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mayank Agarwal, Kartik Talamadupula, Stephanie Houde, Fernando Martinez, Michael Muller, John Richards, Steven Ross, and Justin\u00a0D Weisz. 2020. Quality estimation & interpretability for code translation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2012.07581 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSR.2013.6624004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSR.2013.6624015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_5_1","volume-title":"The internal state of an llm knows when its lying. arXiv preprint arXiv:2304.13734","author":"Azaria Amos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Amos Azaria and Tom Mitchell. 2023. The internal state of an llm knows when its lying. arXiv preprint arXiv:2304.13734 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RSSE.2012.6233404"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3586030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSM.2013.72"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3442188.3445922"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.463"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173951"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3582083"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_13_1","unstructured":"Kristof Boghe. 2020. We Need to Talk About Sentiment Analysis.https:\/\/medium.com\/p\/9d1f20f2ebfb."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_14_1","volume-title":"On the opportunities and risks of foundation models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2108.07258","author":"Bommasani Rishi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rishi Bommasani, Drew\u00a0A Hudson, Ehsan Adeli, Russ Altman, Simran Arora, Sydney von Arx, Michael\u00a0S Bernstein, Jeannette Bohg, Antoine Bosselut, Emma Brunskill, 2021. On the opportunities and risks of foundation models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2108.07258 (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_15_1","volume-title":"A categorical archive of chatgpt failures. arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.03494","author":"Borji Ali","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ali Borji. 2023. A categorical archive of chatgpt failures. arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.03494 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_16_1","volume-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology 3, 2","author":"Braun Virginia","year":"2006","unstructured":"Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology 3, 2 (2006), 77\u2013101."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_17_1","volume-title":"lies, and automation: How language models could change disinformation","author":"Buchanan Ben","unstructured":"Ben Buchanan, Andrew Lohn, and Micah Musser. 2021. Truth, lies, and automation: How language models could change disinformation. Center for Security and Emerging Technology."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3180155.3182519"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSR.2015.56"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_20_1","volume-title":"How to ask for technical help? Evidence-based guidelines for writing questions on Stack Overflow. Information and software technology 94","author":"Calefato Fabio","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fabio Calefato, Filippo Lanubile, and Nicole Novielli. 2018. How to ask for technical help? Evidence-based guidelines for writing questions on Stack Overflow. Information and software technology 94 (2018), 186\u2013207."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_21_1","volume-title":"Knowledgeable or educated guess? revisiting language models as knowledge bases. arXiv preprint arXiv:2106.09231","author":"Cao Boxi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Boxi Cao, Hongyu Lin, Xianpei Han, Le Sun, Lingyong Yan, Meng Liao, Tong Xue, and Jin Xu. 2021. Knowledgeable or educated guess? revisiting language models as knowledge bases. arXiv preprint arXiv:2106.09231 (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_22_1","unstructured":"Alex Castillo. Dec 2022. [Twitter Post] ChatGPT will replace StackOverflow.https:\/\/twitter.com\/castillo__io\/status\/1599255771736604673?s=20."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2019.112948"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_24_1","volume-title":"Github copilot ai pair programmer: Asset or liability?Journal of Systems and Software 203","author":"Dakhel Arghavan\u00a0Moradi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arghavan\u00a0Moradi Dakhel, Vahid Majdinasab, Amin Nikanjam, Foutse Khomh, Michel\u00a0C Desmarais, and Zhen Ming\u00a0Jack Jiang. 2023. Github copilot ai pair programmer: Asset or liability?Journal of Systems and Software 203 (2023), 111734."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2597008.2597146"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3514094.3534187"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_27_1","unstructured":"Renee DiResta. 2020. AI-Generated Text Is the Scariest Deepfake of All.https: \/\/www.wired.com\/story\/ai-generated-text-is-the-scariest-deepfake-of-all\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_28_1","volume-title":"Calibrating factual knowledge in pretrained language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2210.03329","author":"Dong Qingxiu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qingxiu Dong, Damai Dai, Yifan Song, Jingjing Xu, Zhifang Sui, and Lei Li. 2022. Calibrating factual knowledge in pretrained language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2210.03329 (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00410"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_30_1","unstructured":"Stack Exchange. 2023. Stack Exchange Data Dump.https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/stackexchange."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_31_1","unstructured":"Hugging Face. 2022. Hugging Face \u2013 The AI community building the future.https:\/\/huggingface.co\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_32_1","volume-title":"Measuring nominal scale agreement among many raters.Psychological bulletin 76, 5","author":"Fleiss L","year":"1971","unstructured":"Joseph\u00a0L Fleiss. 1971. Measuring nominal scale agreement among many raters.Psychological bulletin 76, 5 (1971), 378."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3517446"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.12.23.521610"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_35_1","volume-title":"Realtoxicityprompts: Evaluating neural toxic degeneration in language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2009.11462","author":"Gehman Samuel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Samuel Gehman, Suchin Gururangan, Maarten Sap, Yejin Choi, and Noah\u00a0A Smith. 2020. Realtoxicityprompts: Evaluating neural toxic degeneration in language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2009.11462 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_36_1","unstructured":"GitHub. 2023. GitHub Copilot X: The AI-powered developer experience.https:\/\/github.blog\/2023-03-22-github-copilot-x-the-ai-powered-developer-experience\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_37_1","unstructured":"GitHub. 2023. Introducing GitHub Copilot X.https:\/\/github.com\/features\/preview\/copilot-x."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_38_1","unstructured":"Inc. GitHub. 2023. GitHub Copilot \u00b7 Your AI pair programmer. https:\/\/github.com\/features\/copilot."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3292500.3330955"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greg Guest Kathleen\u00a0M MacQueen and Emily\u00a0E Namey. 2011. Applied thematic analysis. sage publications.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781483384436"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_41_1","volume-title":"How close is chatgpt to human experts? comparison corpus, evaluation, and detection. arXiv preprint arXiv:2301.07597","author":"Guo Biyang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Biyang Guo, Xin Zhang, Ziyuan Wang, Minqi Jiang, Jinran Nie, Yuxuan Ding, Jianwei Yue, and Yupeng Wu. 2023. How close is chatgpt to human experts? comparison corpus, evaluation, and detection. arXiv preprint arXiv:2301.07597 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_42_1","unstructured":"Beverley Hancock Elizabeth Ockleford and Kate Windridge. 2001. An introduction to qualitative research. Trent focus group London."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_43_1","volume-title":"The factual inconsistency problem in abstractive text summarization: A survey. arXiv preprint arXiv:2104.14839","author":"Huang Yichong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yichong Huang, Xiachong Feng, Xiaocheng Feng, and Bing Qin. 2021. The factual inconsistency problem in abstractive text summarization: A survey. arXiv preprint arXiv:2104.14839 (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3510454.3522684"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_45_1","volume-title":"Kazi\u00a0Selim Anwar","author":"Islam Md\u00a0Saiful","year":"2020","unstructured":"Md\u00a0Saiful Islam, Tonmoy Sarkar, Sazzad\u00a0Hossain Khan, Abu-Hena\u00a0Mostofa Kamal, SM\u00a0Murshid Hasan, Alamgir Kabir, Dalia Yeasmin, Mohammad\u00a0Ariful Islam, Kamal Ibne\u00a0Amin Chowdhury, Kazi\u00a0Selim Anwar, 2020. COVID-19\u2013related infodemic and its impact on public health: A global social media analysis. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 103, 4 (2020), 1621."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P16-1195"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3274351"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_48_1","volume-title":"Mixed methods research: A research paradigm whose time has come. Educational researcher 33, 7","author":"Johnson R\u00a0Burke","year":"2004","unstructured":"R\u00a0Burke Johnson and Anthony\u00a0J Onwuegbuzie. 2004. Mixed methods research: A research paradigm whose time has come. Educational researcher 33, 7 (2004), 14\u201326."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_49_1","unstructured":"Will Knight. 2021. AI Can Write Disinformation Now\u2014and Dupe Human Readers.https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/ai-write-disinformation-dupe-human-readers\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_50_1","volume-title":"ChatGPT: Jack of all trades, master of none. Information Fusion","author":"Koco\u0144 Jan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jan Koco\u0144, Igor Cichecki, Oliwier Kaszyca, Mateusz Kochanek, Dominika Szyd\u0142o, Joanna Baran, Julita Bielaniewicz, Marcin Gruza, Arkadiusz Janz, Kamil Kanclerz, 2023. ChatGPT: Jack of all trades, master of none. Information Fusion (2023), 101861."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_51_1","volume-title":"Automated Summarization of Stack Overflow Posts. In 45th IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Software Engineering, ICSE 2023","author":"Kou Bonan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bonan Kou, Muhao Chen, and Tianyi Zhang. 2023. Automated Summarization of Stack Overflow Posts. In 45th IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Software Engineering, ICSE 2023, Melbourne, Australia, May 14-20, 2023. IEEE, 1853\u20131865."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3524842.3528487"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2207676.2207787"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/XPS.2020.37"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1978942.1979366"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_56_1","volume-title":"On faithfulness and factuality in abstractive summarization. arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.00661","author":"Maynez Joshua","year":"2020","unstructured":"Joshua Maynez, Shashi Narayan, Bernd Bohnet, and Ryan McDonald. 2020. On faithfulness and factuality in abstractive summarization. arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.00661 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3510003.3510111"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_58_1","volume-title":"Chatgpt or human? detect and explain. explaining decisions of machine learning model for detecting short chatgpt-generated text. arXiv preprint arXiv:2301.13852","author":"Mitrovi\u0107 Sandra","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sandra Mitrovi\u0107, Davide Andreoletti, and Omran Ayoub. 2023. Chatgpt or human? detect and explain. explaining decisions of machine learning model for detecting short chatgpt-generated text. arXiv preprint arXiv:2301.13852 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSM.2012.6405249"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_60_1","volume-title":"\u201claws","author":"Norman Geoff","year":"2010","unstructured":"Geoff Norman. 2010. Likert scales, levels of measurement and the \u201claws\u201d of statistics. Advances in health sciences education 15 (2010), 625\u2013632."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_61_1","unstructured":"OpenAI. 2023. ChatGPT: Optimizing Language Models for Dialogue. https:\/\/openai.com\/blog\/chatgpt."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_62_1","unstructured":"Stack Overflow. 2023. File Upload Area.https:\/\/stackoverflow.com\/questions\/76003368\/file-upload-area."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_63_1","unstructured":"Stack Overflow. 2023. Insights into Stack Overflow\u2019s traffic. https:\/\/stackoverflow.blog\/2023\/08\/08\/insights-into-stack-overflows-traffic\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_64_1","unstructured":"Stack Overflow. 2023. Temporary policy: Generative AI (e.g. ChatGPT) is banned. https:\/\/meta.stackoverflow.com\/questions\/421831\/temporary-policy-generative-ai-e-g-chatgpt-is-banned."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_65_1","volume-title":"Check your facts and try again: Improving large language models with external knowledge and automated feedback. arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.12813","author":"Peng Baolin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Baolin Peng, Michel Galley, Pengcheng He, Hao Cheng, Yujia Xie, Yu Hu, Qiuyuan Huang, Lars Liden, Zhou Yu, Weizhu Chen, 2023. Check your facts and try again: Improving large language models with external knowledge and automated feedback. arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.12813 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359224"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_68_1","unstructured":"Quora. 2023. Will ChatGPT replace Stack Overflow?https:\/\/www.quora.com\/Will-ChatGPT-replace-Stack-Overflow."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3196398.3196425"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BigData50022.2020.9378083"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D17-1317"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_72_1","volume-title":"Sequence labeling with multiple annotators. Machine learning 95","author":"Rodrigues Filipe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Filipe Rodrigues, Francisco Pereira, and Bernardete Ribeiro. 2014. Sequence labeling with multiple annotators. Machine learning 95 (2014), 165\u2013181."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3581641.3584037"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_74_1","volume-title":"Software psychology: Human factors in computer and information systems (Winthrop computer systems series)","author":"Shneiderman Ben","unstructured":"Ben Shneiderman. 1980. Software psychology: Human factors in computer and information systems (Winthrop computer systems series). Winthrop Publishers."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3545945.3569852"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1882362.1882435"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2022.3209479"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_78_1","volume-title":"Human-Centered Responsible Artificial Intelligence: Current & Future Trends. In Extended Abstracts of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1\u20134.","author":"Tahaei Mohammad","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mohammad Tahaei, Marios Constantinides, Daniele Quercia, Sean Kennedy, Michael Muller, Simone Stumpf, Q\u00a0Vera Liao, Ricardo Baeza-Yates, Lora Aroyo, Jess Holbrook, 2023. Human-Centered Responsible Artificial Intelligence: Current & Future Trends. In Extended Abstracts of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1\u20134."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_79_1","unstructured":"Rob Toews. 2020. Deepfakes Are Going To Wreak Havoc On Society. We Are Not Prepared.https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/robtoews\/2020\/05\/25\/deepfakes-are-going-to-wreak-havoc-on-society-we-are-not-prepared\/?sh=392a1cb07494."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_80_1","unstructured":"Christopher Tozzi. 2023. GitHub Copilot vs. ChatGPT: Which Tool Is Better for Software Development?https:\/\/www.itprotoday.com\/development-techniques-and-management\/github-copilot-vs-chatgpt-which-tool-better-software."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1985793.1985907"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3491101.3519665"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_83_1","volume-title":"Generation probabilities are not enough: Exploring the effectiveness of uncertainty highlighting in AI-powered code completions. arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.07248","author":"Vasconcelos Helena","year":"2023","unstructured":"Helena Vasconcelos, Gagan Bansal, Adam Fourney, Q\u00a0Vera Liao, and Jennifer\u00a0Wortman Vaughan. 2023. Generation probabilities are not enough: Exploring the effectiveness of uncertainty highlighting in AI-powered code completions. arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.07248 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SocialCom.2013.35"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_85_1","volume-title":"The emergence of deepfake technology: A review. Technology innovation management review 9, 11","author":"Westerlund Mika","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mika Westerlund. 2019. The emergence of deepfake technology: A review. Technology innovation management review 9, 11 (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_86_1","volume-title":"What do developers search for on the web?Empirical Software Engineering 22","author":"Xia Xin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xin Xia, Lingfeng Bao, David Lo, Pavneet\u00a0Singh Kochhar, Ahmed\u00a0E Hassan, and Zhenchang Xing. 2017. What do developers search for on the web?Empirical Software Engineering 22 (2017), 3149\u20133185."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_87_1","volume-title":"Deeppath: A reinforcement learning method for knowledge graph reasoning. arXiv preprint arXiv:1707.06690","author":"Xiong Wenhan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wenhan Xiong, Thien Hoang, and William\u00a0Yang Wang. 2017. Deeppath: A reinforcement learning method for knowledge graph reasoning. arXiv preprint arXiv:1707.06690 (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.coling-main.133"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581318"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_90_1","volume-title":"Large language models are human-level prompt engineers. arXiv preprint arXiv:2211.01910","author":"Zhou Yongchao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yongchao Zhou, Andrei\u00a0Ioan Muresanu, Ziwen Han, Keiran Paster, Silviu Pitis, Harris Chan, and Jimmy Ba. 2022. Large language models are human-level prompt engineers. arXiv preprint arXiv:2211.01910 (2022)."}],"event":{"name":"CHI '24: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","location":"Honolulu HI USA","acronym":"CHI '24","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction","SIGACCESS ACM Special Interest Group on Accessible Computing"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3613904.3642596","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3613904.3642596","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T23:44:10Z","timestamp":1750290250000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3613904.3642596"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]]},"references-count":89,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3613904.3642596","10.1145\/3613904"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3613904.3642596","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}