{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T06:22:19Z","timestamp":1782282139075,"version":"3.54.5"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":45,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]],"date-time":"2024-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3613905.3651093","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]],"date-time":"2024-05-11T08:15:21Z","timestamp":1715415321000},"page":"1-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Beyond ChatBots: ExploreLLM for Structured Thoughts and Personalized Model Responses"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6134-3531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Google, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6413-7001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Swaroop","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google Deepmind, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0513-7474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariel","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4766-0591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie Ying","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3359-0938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jilin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4922-6601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chinmay","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3845-8796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heng-Tze","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google Deepmind, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1087-2844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quoc","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google Deepmind, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3230-5338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ed","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google Deepmind, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1_1","volume-title":"Repair: the interface between interaction and cognition. Topics in cognitive science 10, 2","author":"Albert Saul","year":"2018","unstructured":"Saul Albert and Jan\u00a0P De\u00a0Ruiter. 2018. Repair: the interface between interaction and cognition. Topics in cognitive science 10, 2 (2018), 279\u2013313."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2_1","volume-title":"Language models are few-shot learners. Advances in neural information processing systems 33","author":"Brown Tom","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tom Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah, Jared\u00a0D Kaplan, Prafulla Dhariwal, Arvind Neelakantan, Pranav Shyam, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, 2020. Language models are few-shot learners. Advances in neural information processing systems 33 (2020), 1877\u20131901."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_3_1","volume-title":"Large language models as tool makers. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.17126","author":"Cai Tianle","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tianle Cai, Xuezhi Wang, Tengyu Ma, Xinyun Chen, and Denny Zhou. 2023. Large language models as tool makers. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.17126 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3591196.3593515"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_5_1","volume-title":"Program of thoughts prompting: Disentangling computation from reasoning for numerical reasoning tasks. arXiv preprint arXiv:2211.12588","author":"Chen Wenhu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wenhu Chen, Xueguang Ma, Xinyi Wang, and William\u00a0W Cohen. 2022. Program of thoughts prompting: Disentangling computation from reasoning for numerical reasoning tasks. arXiv preprint arXiv:2211.12588 (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3097983.3098095"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702556"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2207676.2207711"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_9_1","volume-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning. PMLR, 10764\u201310799","author":"Gao Luyu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Luyu Gao, Aman Madaan, Shuyan Zhou, Uri Alon, Pengfei Liu, Yiming Yang, Jamie Callan, and Graham Neubig. 2023. Pal: Program-aided language models. In International Conference on Machine Learning. PMLR, 10764\u201310799."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijer.2019.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/353485.353487"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/279044.279051"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_13_1","volume-title":"Graphologue: Exploring Large Language Model Responses with Interactive Diagrams. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.11473","author":"Jiang Peiling","year":"2023","unstructured":"Peiling Jiang, Jude Rayan, Steven\u00a0P Dow, and Haijun Xia. 2023. Graphologue: Exploring Large Language Model Responses with Interactive Diagrams. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.11473 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_14_1","volume-title":"Decomposed prompting: A modular approach for solving complex tasks. arXiv preprint arXiv:2210.02406","author":"Khot Tushar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tushar Khot, Harsh Trivedi, Matthew Finlayson, Yao Fu, Kyle Richardson, Peter Clark, and Ashish Sabharwal. 2022. Decomposed prompting: A modular approach for solving complex tasks. arXiv preprint arXiv:2210.02406 (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_15_1","volume-title":"Dissatisfaction with ChatGPT Responses: Types, Resolving Tactics, and the Effect of Knowledge Level. arXiv preprint arXiv:2311.07434","author":"Kim Yoonsu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yoonsu Kim, Jueon Lee, Seoyoung Kim, Jaehyuk Park, and Juho Kim. 2023. Understanding Users\u2019 Dissatisfaction with ChatGPT Responses: Types, Resolving Tactics, and the Effect of Knowledge Level. arXiv preprint arXiv:2311.07434 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_16_1","unstructured":"David Kirsh. 1995. Complementary strategies: Why we use our hands when we think. (1995)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1142405.1142429"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_18_1","volume-title":"Improving Diversity of Demographic Representation in Large Language Models via Collective-Critiques and Self-Voting. arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.16523","author":"Lahoti Preethi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Preethi Lahoti, Nicholas Blumm, Xiao Ma, Raghavendra Kotikalapudi, Sahitya Potluri, Qijun Tan, Hansa Srinivasan, Ben Packer, Ahmad Beirami, Alex Beutel, 2023. Improving Diversity of Demographic Representation in Large Language Models via Collective-Critiques and Self-Voting. arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.16523 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376253"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781410603494-62"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_21_1","volume-title":"Schemas in problem solving","author":"Marshall P","unstructured":"Sandra\u00a0P Marshall. 1995. Schemas in problem solving. Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_22_1","unstructured":"Marvin Minsky. 1974. A framework for representing knowledge."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2022.emnlp-main.392"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2022.findings-acl.50"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2022.acl-long.244"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_26_1","volume-title":"Show Your Work: Scratchpads for Intermediate Computation with Language Models. In Deep Learning for Code Workshop.","author":"Nye Maxwell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maxwell Nye, Anders\u00a0Johan Andreassen, Guy Gur-Ari, Henryk Michalewski, Jacob Austin, David Bieber, David Dohan, Aitor Lewkowycz, Maarten Bosma, David Luan, 2022. Show Your Work: Scratchpads for Intermediate Computation with Language Models. In Deep Learning for Code Workshop."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_27_1","unstructured":"Douglas\u00a0W Oard and Jinmook Kim. 1998. Implicit feedback for recommender systems. (1998)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_29_1","first-page":"27730","article-title":"Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback","volume":"35","author":"Ouyang Long","year":"2022","unstructured":"Long Ouyang, Jeffrey Wu, Xu Jiang, Diogo Almeida, Carroll Wainwright, Pamela Mishkin, Chong Zhang, Sandhini Agarwal, Katarina Slama, Alex Ray, 2022. Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 35 (2022), 27730\u201327744.","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2022.emnlp-main.302"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5826.2011.00329.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_32_1","volume-title":"Measuring and narrowing the compositionality gap in language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2210.03350","author":"Press Ofir","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ofir Press, Muru Zhang, Sewon Min, Ludwig Schmidt, Noah\u00a0A Smith, and Mike Lewis. 2022. Measuring and narrowing the compositionality gap in language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2210.03350 (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_33_1","volume-title":"Branch-Solve-Merge Improves Large Language Model Evaluation and Generation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.15123","author":"Saha Swarnadeep","year":"2023","unstructured":"Swarnadeep Saha, Omer Levy, Asli Celikyilmaz, Mohit Bansal, Jason Weston, and Xian Li. 2023. Branch-Solve-Merge Improves Large Language Model Evaluation and Generation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.15123 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_34_1","volume-title":"Toolformer: Language models can teach themselves to use tools. arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.04761","author":"Schick Timo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Timo Schick, Jane Dwivedi-Yu, Roberto Dess\u00ec, Roberta Raileanu, Maria Lomeli, Luke Zettlemoyer, Nicola Cancedda, and Thomas Scialom. 2023. Toolformer: Language models can teach themselves to use tools. arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.04761 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_35_1","volume-title":"Sensecape: Enabling Multilevel Exploration and Sensemaking with Large Language Models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.11483","author":"Suh Sangho","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sangho Suh, Bryan Min, Srishti Palani, and Haijun Xia. 2023. Sensecape: Enabling Multilevel Exploration and Sensemaking with Large Language Models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.11483 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_36_1","unstructured":"Masaki Suwa Barbara Tversky John Gero and Terry Purcell. 2001. Seeing into sketches: Regrouping parts encourages new interpretations. In Visual and spatial reasoning in design. 207\u2013219."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_37_1","volume-title":"Aakanksha Chowdhery, and Denny Zhou.","author":"Wang Xuezhi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xuezhi Wang, Jason Wei, Dale Schuurmans, Quoc Le, Ed Chi, Sharan Narang, Aakanksha Chowdhery, and Denny Zhou. 2023. Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Models. arxiv:2203.11171\u00a0[cs.CL]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_38_1","volume-title":"International Conference on Learning Representations.","author":"Wei Jason","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jason Wei, Maarten Bosma, Vincent Zhao, Kelvin Guu, Adams\u00a0Wei Yu, Brian Lester, Nan Du, Andrew\u00a0M Dai, and Quoc\u00a0V Le. 2021. Finetuned Language Models are Zero-Shot Learners. In International Conference on Learning Representations."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_39_1","first-page":"24824","article-title":"Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models","volume":"35","author":"Wei Jason","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma, Fei Xia, Ed Chi, Quoc\u00a0V Le, Denny Zhou, 2022. Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 35 (2022), 24824\u201324837.","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_40_1","unstructured":"Terry Winograd. 1971. Procedures as a representation for data in a computer program for understanding natural language. (1971)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_41_1","volume-title":"Large language models as optimizers. arXiv preprint arXiv:2309.03409","author":"Yang Chengrun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chengrun Yang, Xuezhi Wang, Yifeng Lu, Hanxiao Liu, Quoc\u00a0V Le, Denny Zhou, and Xinyun Chen. 2023. Large language models as optimizers. arXiv preprint arXiv:2309.03409 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_42_1","volume-title":"Tree of thoughts: Deliberate problem solving with large language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.10601","author":"Yao Shunyu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shunyu Yao, Dian Yu, Jeffrey Zhao, Izhak Shafran, Thomas\u00a0L Griffiths, Yuan Cao, and Karthik Narasimhan. 2023. Tree of thoughts: Deliberate problem solving with large language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.10601 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581388"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_44_1","volume-title":"Take a Step Back: Evoking Reasoning via Abstraction in Large Language Models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.06117","author":"Zheng Huaixiu\u00a0Steven","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huaixiu\u00a0Steven Zheng, Swaroop Mishra, Xinyun Chen, Heng-Tze Cheng, Ed\u00a0H Chi, Quoc\u00a0V Le, and Denny Zhou. 2023. Take a Step Back: Evoking Reasoning via Abstraction in Large Language Models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.06117 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_45_1","volume-title":"Least-to-most prompting enables complex reasoning in large language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2205.10625","author":"Zhou Denny","year":"2022","unstructured":"Denny Zhou, Nathanael Sch\u00e4rli, Le Hou, Jason Wei, Nathan Scales, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Claire Cui, Olivier Bousquet, Quoc Le, 2022. Least-to-most prompting enables complex reasoning in large language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2205.10625 (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_46_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 7, CSCW2","author":"Zubatiy Tamara","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tamara Zubatiy, Niharika Mathur, Larry Heck, Kayci\u00a0L Vickers, Agata Rozga, and Elizabeth\u00a0D Mynatt. 2023. \" I don\u2019t know how to help with that\"-Learning from Limitations of Modern Conversational Agent Systems in Caregiving Networks. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 7, CSCW2 (2023), 1\u201328."}],"event":{"name":"CHI '24: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","location":"Honolulu HI USA","acronym":"CHI '24","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction","SIGACCESS ACM Special Interest Group on Accessible Computing"]},"container-title":["Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3613905.3651093","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3613905.3651093","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T23:57:10Z","timestamp":1750291030000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3613905.3651093"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3613905.3651093","10.1145\/3613905"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3613905.3651093","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}