{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T09:24:38Z","timestamp":1773048278039,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]],"date-time":"2023-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Kinetic solvers for incompressible fluid simulation were designed to run efficiently on massively parallel architectures such as GPUs. While these lattice Boltzmann solvers have recently proven much faster and more accurate than the macroscopic Navier-Stokes-based solvers traditionally used in graphics, it systematically comes at the price of a very large memory requirement: a mesoscopic discretization of statistical mechanics requires over an order of magnitude more variables per grid node than most fluid solvers in graphics. In order to open up kinetic simulation to gaming and simulation software packages on commodity hardware, we propose a HighOrder Moment-Encoded Lattice-Boltzmann-Method solver which we coined HOME-LBM, requiring only the storage of a few moments per grid node, with little to no loss of accuracy in the typical simulation scenarios encountered in graphics. We show that our lightweight and lightspeed fluid solver requires three times less memory and runs ten times faster than state-of-the-art kinetic solvers, for a nearly-identical visual output.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3618341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]],"date-time":"2023-12-05T10:20:48Z","timestamp":1701771648000},"page":"1-13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["High-Order Moment-Encoded Kinetic Simulation of Turbulent Flows"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8754-6679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LightSpeed Studios, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6585-3009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tongtong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LightSpeed Studios, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9348-526X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zherong","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LightSpeed Studios, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0829-7075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xifeng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LightSpeed Studios, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3326-7943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LightSpeed Studios, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3424-6079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathieu","family":"Desbrun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inria \/ Ecole Polytechnique, France"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2185520.2185558"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2461912.2461982"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2897824.2925919"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3180486"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","unstructured":"Stefan Band Christoph Gissler and Matthias Teschner. 2017. Moving Least Squares Boundaries for SPH Fluids. In VRPHYS. 21--28."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christopher Batty Florence Bertails and Robert Bridson. 2007. A Fast Variational Framework for Accurate Solid-Fluid Coupling. In ACM SIGGRAPH. 100--es.","DOI":"10.1145\/1275808.1276502"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","volume-title":"Weakly Compressible SPH for Free Surface Flows. In Symposium on Computer Animation. 209--217","author":"Becker Markus","year":"2007","unstructured":"Markus Becker and Matthias Teschner. 2007. Weakly Compressible SPH for Free Surface Flows. In Symposium on Computer Animation. 209--217."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2008.107"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2016.2578335"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","volume-title":"Linear-Time Smoke Animation with Vortex Sheet Meshes. In Symposium on Computer Animation. 87--95","author":"Brochu Tyson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tyson Brochu, Todd Keeler, and Robert Bridson. 2012. Linear-Time Smoke Animation with Vortex Sheet Meshes. In Symposium on Computer Animation. 87--95."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1186562.1015733"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.fluid.30.1.329"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2021.3059753"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9991(03)00324-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.96.033306"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","unstructured":"Erwin Coumans and Yunfei Bai. 2016--2021. PyBullet a Python module for physics simulation for games robotics and machine learning. http:\/\/pybullet.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2766901"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.95.013310"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.99.013301"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.fluid.33.1.129"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","volume-title":"Smoothed Particles: A New Paradigm for Animating Highly Deformable Bodies. In Eurographics Workshop on Computer Animation and Simulation. 61--76","author":"Desbrun Mathieu","year":"1996","unstructured":"Mathieu Desbrun and Marie-Paule Gascuel. 1996. Smoothed Particles: A New Paradigm for Animating Highly Deformable Bodies. In Eurographics Workshop on Computer Animation and Simulation. 61--76."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2601097.2601167"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3386569.3392438"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3450626.3459678"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3197517.3201392"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fld.5185"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/gmip.1996.0039"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2017.05.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","volume-title":"Esoteric Twist: An Efficient In-Place Streaming Algorithms for the Lattice Boltzmann Method on Massively Parallel Hardware. Computation 5, 2","author":"Geier Martin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Martin Geier and Martin Sch\u00f6nherr. 2017. Esoteric Twist: An Efficient In-Place Streaming Algorithms for the Lattice Boltzmann Method on Massively Parallel Hardware. Computation 5, 2 (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2015.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","unstructured":"Olivier G\u00e9nevaux Arash Habibi and Jean-Michel Dischler. 2003. Simulating Fluid-Solid Interaction.. In Graphics Interface. 31--38."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2012.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2366145.2366167"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2021.3098456"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1073204.1073299"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3197517.3201293"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2013.105"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2013.105"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_39_1","unstructured":"iRMB at Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig. 2023. VirtualFluids. Git repository. https:\/\/git.rz.tu-bs.de\/irmb\/virtualfluids"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2766996"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1141911.1141961"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_42_1","volume-title":"Density Maps for Improved SPH Boundary Handling. In Symposium on Computer Animation. Article 1.","author":"Koschier Dan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dan Koschier and Jan Bender. 2017. Density Maps for Improved SPH Boundary Handling. In Symposium on Computer Animation. Article 1."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112094001771"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_44_1","unstructured":"Jonas Latt. 2007. How to implement your DdQq dynamics with only q variables per node (instead of 2q). Technical Report. Tufts University."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matcom.2006.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/computation10060092"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michael Lentine Wen Zheng and Ronald Fedkiw. 2010. A Novel Algorithm for Incompressible Flow Using Only a Coarse Grid Projection. In ACM SIGGRAPH. Article 114.","DOI":"10.1145\/1833349.1778851"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3386569.3392400"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3592138"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2020.2972357"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3528223.3530132"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-003-0210-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1015706.1015745"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3592394"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3478513.3480493"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_56_1","volume-title":"Increasing stability and accuracy of the lattice Boltzmann scheme: recursivity and regularization. arXiv:1505.06900 [physics.flu-dyn] Matlab","author":"Malaspinas Orestis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Orestis Malaspinas. 2015. Increasing stability and accuracy of the lattice Boltzmann scheme: recursivity and regularization. arXiv:1505.06900 [physics.flu-dyn] Matlab. 2023. R2022a. MathWorks Inc."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_57_1","unstructured":"Maxon. 2023. The world's first fully GPU-accelerated biased renderer. https:\/\/www.maxon.net\/en\/redshift."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patrick Mullen Keenan Crane Dmitry Pavlov Yiying Tong and Mathieu Desbrun. 2009. Energy-Preserving Integrators for Fluid Animation. In ACM SIGGRAPH. Article 38.","DOI":"10.1145\/1576246.1531344"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2009.08.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_60_1","volume-title":"Vortex Fluid for Gaseous Phenomena. In Symposium on Computer Animation. 261--270","author":"Park Sang Il","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sang Il Park and Myoung Jun Kim. 2005. Vortex Fluid for Gaseous Phenomena. In Symposium on Computer Animation. 261--270."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2766925"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_62_1","first-page":"349","article-title":"Implementation issues and benchmarking of lattice Boltzmann method for moving rigid particle simulations in a viscous flow","volume":"72","author":"Peng Cheng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cheng Peng, Yihua Teng, Brian Hwang, Zhaoli Guo, and Lian-Ping Wang. 2016. Implementation issues and benchmarking of lattice Boltzmann method for moving rigid particle simulations in a viscous flow. Math. Comput. Simul. 72, 2 (2016), 349--374.","journal-title":"Math. Comput. Simul."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9991(72)90065-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2185520.2185608"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_65_1","volume-title":"Runge-Kutta methods with minimum error bounds. Mathematics of computation 16, 80","author":"Ralston Anthony","year":"1962","unstructured":"Anthony Ralston. 1962. Runge-Kutta methods with minimum error bounds. Mathematics of computation 16, 80 (1962), 431--437."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_66_1","volume-title":"Hybrid Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics. In Symposium on Computer Animation. 33--42","author":"Raveendran Karthik","year":"2011","unstructured":"Karthik Raveendran, Chris Wojtan, and Greg Turk. 2011. Hybrid Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics. In Symposium on Computer Animation. 33--42."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Avi Robinson-Mosher Tamar Shinar Jon Gretarsson Jonathan Su and Ronald Fedkiw. 2008. Two-Way Coupling of Fluids to Rigid and Deformable Solids and Shells. In ACM SIGGRAPH. Article 46.","DOI":"10.1145\/1399504.1360645"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_68_1","volume-title":"Nafees bin Zafar, and Henrik Falt","author":"Roble Doug","year":"2005","unstructured":"Doug Roble, Nafees bin Zafar, and Henrik Falt. 2005. Cartesian Grid Fluid Simulation with Irregular Boundary Voxels. In ACM SIGGRAPH Sketches. 138--es."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2185520.2185557"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrew Selle Nick Rasmussen and Ronald Fedkiw. 2005. A Vortex Particle Method for Smoke Water and Explosions. In ACM SIGGRAPH. 910--914.","DOI":"10.1145\/1186822.1073282"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2661229.2661269"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112005008153"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_73_1","volume-title":"Density Contrast SPH Interfaces. In Symposium on Computer Animation. 211--218","author":"Solenthaler B.","unstructured":"B. Solenthaler and R. Pajarola. 2008. Density Contrast SPH Interfaces. In Symposium on Computer Animation. 211--218."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1531326.1531346"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_75_1","volume-title":"Stable Fluids. In Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques. 121--128","author":"Stam Jos","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jos Stam. 1999. Stable Fluids. In Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques. 121--128."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsunemi Takahashi Heihachi Ueki Atsushi Kunimatsu and Hiroko Fujii. 2002. The Simulation of Fluid-Rigid Body Interaction. In ACM SIGGRAPH Sketches. 266.","DOI":"10.1145\/1242073.1242279"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3528223.3530138"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2980179.2980229"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3220896.3221092"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Madhurima Vardhan John Gounley Luiz Hegele ErikW. Draeger and Amanda Randles. 2019. Moment Representation in the Lattice Boltzmann Method on Massively Parallel Hardware. In Supercomputing. Article 34.","DOI":"10.1145\/3295500.3356204"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.12577"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1778765.1778852"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3197517.3201324"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2661229.2661261"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2766982"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2897824.2925910"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2461912.2461999"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yongning Zhu and Robert Bridson. 2005. Animating Sand as a Fluid. In ACM SIGGRAPH. 965--972.","DOI":"10.1145\/1186822.1073298"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Graphics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3618341","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3618341","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T10:52:28Z","timestamp":1755773548000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3618341"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3618341"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3618341","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-0301","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7368","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}